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Introduction  

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The above figures are redrawn from research published by Caraco & Cole (2002) on water chestnut in the Hudson River. Their research illustrated that in comparison with open water areas (yellow line), or with areas colonized by the native aquatic plant Vallisneria americana (green line), the presence of water chestnut sharply increased the frequency and extent of low dissolved oxygen episodes, both near the edges (pink line) and the interior (red line) of the water chestnut infestation. In fact, dissolved oxygen levels in the waters at the center of large infestations were below that needed by many fish and invertebrate species up to 40% of the time. Dissolved oxygen concentrations at the center of large populations of Vallisneria never dipped this low during the study.

Similarly, light levels immediately below the water's surface were far lower in water chestnut beds than in areas occupied by Vallisneria.
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Updated January 2005
©The Nature Conservancy, 2003