MDDNR (Maryland Department of Natural Resources). 2016. Maryland Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan. Annapolis. 77 pp + Appendices http://dnr.maryland.gov/Invasives/Documents/Maryland_Aquatic_Nuisance_Species_Plan.pdf
UME Home & Garden Information Center. 2017. University of Maryland Extension: Compilation of Regional Invasive Plant Species Lists (MD and Other Mid-Atlantic Jurisdictions: DE, PA, NJ, VA, WV, DC). https://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/_images/programs/hgic/Invasives/UME%20Invasive%20Plant%20List%20Apr-11-2017%20v2.pdf
Maryland Regulations. 2018. Noxious Weed Seed. MD Reg 15.08.01.05. http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/comarhtml/15/15.08.01.05.htm
Maryland Regulations. 2018. Weeds. MD Reg 15.08.02.04. http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/comarhtml/15/15.08.02.04.htm
Maryland Code (COMAR) Agriculture Code Ann. §9-401. www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mdcode
Maryland Regulations. 2016. Tier 1 and Tier 2 Invasive Plants. MD Reg 15.06.04.06. http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/comarhtml/15/15.06.04.06.htm
Maryland Code (COMAR) Agriculture Code Ann. §9.5-301. www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mdcode
Maryland Regulations. 2018. Classification of Nonnative Aquatic Organisms. MD Reg 08.02.19.04. http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/comarhtml/08/08.02.19.04.htm
Maryland Code (COMAR) Natural Resources §4-205.1. www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/comarhtml/08/08.02.19.04.htm
McAvoy, W.A. 2015. The Flora of Delaware Online Database. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Species Conservation and Research Program, Smyrna, Delaware. www.wra.udel.edu/de-flora/?l=3
DE Regulations for Noxious Weed Control: Delaware Administrative Code Title 3 (Agriculture), 800 (Plant Industries), 801 (Regulations for Noxious Weed Control http://regulations.delaware.gov/AdminCode/title3/800/801.shtml
New Jersey Invasive Species Strike Team. 2017. Species List: All Invasive Species with Control Recommendations. http://www.njisst.org/
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 2016. DCNR Invasive Plants. www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20026634.pdf
The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania Sea Grant. 2015. Pennsylvania's Field Guide to Aquatic Invasive Species. 2nd. Ed. 170 pp. http://seagrant.psu.edu/sites/default/files/AIS%20Field%20Guide_2015_11-3_FINAL.pdf
Pennsylvania Code. 2000. Chapter 110: Noxious Weeds adopted under the Noxious Weed Control Law: 3 P. S. § 255.1-255.11. https://www.pacode.com/secure/data/007/chapter110/chap110toc.html
Heffernan, K., Engle, E. and C. Richardson. 2014. Virginia Invasive Plant Species List. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage. Natural Heritage Technical Document 14-11. Richmond, VA. www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/invsppdflist
Simmons, R.H. 2017. Non-native invasive plants of the City of Alexandria, Virginia. City of Alexandria Dept. Recreation, Parks, and Cultural Activities, Alexandria, Virginia. July 2012 version. http://alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/recreation/parks/InvasiveExoticPlantsThatThreatenParksinAlexandria.pdf
Zell, G. 2012. Non-native invasive plants of Arlington County, Virginia. Department of Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Resources. Arlington, Virginia.https://arlingtonva.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2013/11/invasive-1.pdf
Virginia Administrative Code. 2015. Virginia Regulations for Enforcement of Noxious Weeds Law: Enforcement of Noxious Weeds Law: Title 2 (Agriculture), Agency 5 (Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services), Chapter 317, Section 20 (2VAC5-317-20. Tier 1 and Tier 2 Noxious Weeds). http://register.dls.virginia.gov/details.aspx?id=6602
West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. 2009. Invasive Plant Species of West Virginia. http://www.wvdnr.gov/wildlife/Handout%20Invasive%20Plants%20of%20WV%202009.pdf
West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section; Potomac Highlands Cooperative Weed & Pest Management Area; West Virginia Invasive Species Working Group. 2014. West Virginia Invasive Species Strategic Plan and Volunteer Guidelines 2014. 70 pp. www.midatlanticpanel.org/mapais_resources/statemanagementplans/ Plant Industries Division, West Virginia Department of Agriculture. 2012. Regulations Governing the Distribution of Plant Material in West Virginia. www.agriculture.wv.gov/divisions/plantindustries/Documents/PID%20pdfs/Nursery_Regs_In_State_051414.pdf
Exotic Plant Management Team, National Capital Region, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 2015. Swearingen, J., B. Slattery, K. Reshetiloff, and S. Zwicker. 2014. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas, 5th ed. National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC. 168pp.
The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania Sea Grant. 2016. Mid-Atlantic Field Guide to Aquatic Invasive Species. 234 pp. http://seagrant.psu.edu/sites/default/files/MidAtlantic%20AIS%20Field%20Guide_Web.pdf
Plant Conservation Alliance’s Alien Plant Working Group. 2010. LEAST WANTED: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas – Fact Sheets. https://web.archive.org/web/20160325050357/http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact.htm
Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health at the University of Georgia (https://www.bugwood.org/)
U.S. National Plant Germplasm System, USDA ARS GRIN (https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/search.aspx)
USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (https://nas.er.usgs.gov/)
NEMESIS- National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System, Chesapeake Bay Introduced Species Database (http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/chesapeake.html)
Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/)
Wetland Indicator Status, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (http://wetland-plants.usace.army.mil/nwpl_static/home/home.html)
Invasive Plants of the U.S. (https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org)
Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (https://www.eddmaps.org/midatlantic/)
CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International) Invasive Species Compendium (https://www.cabi.org/isc)
Go Botany (https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/)
Maryland Biodiversity Project (https://www.marylandbiodiversity.com/)
Flora of the Washington-Baltimore Area (http://botany.si.edu/dcflora/)
The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) (www.bonap.net/tdc)
Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora (www.vaplantatlas.org)
The Flora of Delaware Online Database (http://www.wrc.udel.edu/de-flora/)
Flora of North America North (www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1)
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (www.itis.gov)
Forest Invasives Canada (https://forestinvasives.ca/Meet-the-Species/Pathogens)
Plantwise (https://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank/)
Nematode Lab at University of Nebraska-Lincoln (https://nematode.unl.edu/index.html)
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthealth/plant-pest-and-disease-programs)
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (https://www.eppo.int/ABOUT_EPPO/about_eppo)
Global Invasive Species Database (http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/)
Maryland's Invasive and Exotic Species: Invasive Laws
COMAR Agriculture §9.4, 15.08.01.05: Noxious Weed Seeds and 15.08.021.04: Weeds.
COMAR Natural Resources §4.2, 08.02.19.0: Classification of Nonnative Aquatic Organisms.
U.S. Executive Order 13112 – Invasive Species
U.S. Executive Order 13751 – Safeguarding the Nation from the Impacts of Invasive Species
Maryland's Invasive and Exotic Species – Definitions and Other Information, Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Maryland's Invasive and Exotic Species – Additional Information and Links, Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Maryland Invasive Plants Prevention and Control, Maryland Department of Agriculture
Invasive Species University of Maryland Extension Home & Garden Information Center
Miller, J., S. Manning, and S. Enloe. 2015. A Management Guide for Invasive Plants in Southern Forests, General Technical Report SRS–131. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 132pp.
Werner, C., and K. Wixted. 2016. Common Invasive Plants Easy ID Cards. Maryland Department of Natural Resources.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Managing Invasive Plants: Concepts, Principles, and Practices
Maryland's Invasive and Exotic Species: What YOU Can Do to Help Stop the Spread of Invasive Species!, Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Boaters Beware! – Clean your Gear, MISC Invader of the Month, June 01, 2016, Maryland Invasive Species Council, Contact: Jay Kilian, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resource Assessment Service
Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System EDDMapS
Mid-Atlantic Early Detection Network MAEDN
Swearingen, J., B. Slattery, K. Reshetiloff, and S. Zwicker. 2014. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas. 5th ed. National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC. 168pp. (www.maipc.org/PlantInvadersMidAtlanticNaturalAreas5thEdition.pdf).
Kaufman, S. and R. Kaufman. 2013. Invasive Plants: Guide to Identification and the Impacts and Control of Common North American Species. 2nd Ed. Stackpole Books.
Sarver, M., Treher, A., Wilson, L., Naczi, R. and F. Kuehn. 2008. Mistaken Identity? Invasive Plants and their Native Look-alikes, an Identification Guide for the Mid-Atlantic. Delaware Department of Agriculture. 68pp. (www.nybg.org/files/scientists/rnaczi/Mistaken_Identity_Final.pdf). Werner, C., Kerry Wixted. 2016. Common Invasive Plants Easy ID Cards. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (http://dnr.maryland.gov/wildlife/Documents/Invasive_plants_cards.pdf).
University of Maryland Extension (UME). Home & Garden Information Center’s “Ask Maryland’s Garden Experts” (http://extension.umd.edu/hgic/).
Mid-Atlantic Invasive Plant Council listserv (MAIPC). http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org).
Invasives, MISC listserv. (invasives-request@listserv.umd.edu).
“What's this plant?”, plant identification lab sponsored by the Natural History Society of Maryland (NHSM) and Maryland Master Gardeners on the second and fourth Monday evening of every month (https://www.meetup.com/marylandnature/events/).
New England Wild Flower Society. GoBotany. (https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/).
Weakley, A.S., Ludwig, J.C. and J.F. Townsend. 2012. Flora of Virginia. Bland Crowder, ed. Foundation of the Flora of Virginia Project Inc., Richmond. Fort Worth: Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press. 1554 pp.
Rhoads, A.F., and T. A. Block. 2007. The Plants of Pennsylvania, An Illustrated Manual, Second Edition. Morris Arboreteum of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1042 pp.
Weakley, A.S. Working Draft. 2015. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. UNC Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1320pp. (www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm).
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 18+ vols. New York and Oxford (www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1).
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (www.itis.gov)
Kartesz, J.T. 2014. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). Taxonomic Data Center (www.bonap.net/tdc) and The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). North American Plant Atlas (http://bonap.net/Napa/Genus/Traditional/County), Chapel Hill, N.C.
Weakley, A.S. Working Draft. 2015. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. UNC Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1320pp. (www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm).
Virginia Botanical Associates. Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. (www.vaplantatlas.org), Blacksburg, VA. 2015.
McAvoy, W.A. 2015. The Flora of Delaware Online Database. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Species Conservation and Research Program, Smyrna, Delaware (http://www.wrc.udel.edu/de-flora/).
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 18+ vols. New York and Oxford (www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1).
Slattery, B.E., K. Reshetiloff and S.M. Zwicker. 2003. Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD. Online published booklet and corresponding database (www.fws.gov/Chesapeakebay/pdf/NativePlantsforWildlifeHabitatandConservationLandscaping.pdf) and (www.nativeplantcenter.net).
USDA Plants Database. Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture (http://plants.usda.gov/).
Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas at Austin. (www.wildflower.org/plants).
Weakley, A.S. 2012. Flora of Virginia. Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press, Fort Worth, TX. (http://floraofvirginia.org/flora-app/).
Rhoads, A.F. 2007. The Plants of Pennsylvania: An Illustrated Manual. Second Edition. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.
Brown, M.L. and R.G. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, MD.
Brown, M.L. and R.G. Brown. 1972. Woody Plants of Maryland. Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, MD.
Slattery, B.E., Reshetiloff, K. and S.M. Zwicker. 2003. Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD. Online published booklet and corresponding database. (https://www.fws.gov/Chesapeakebay/pdf/NativePlantsforWildlifeHabitatandConservationLandscaping.pdf)
Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2016. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland. (http://dnr.maryland.gov/wildlife/Pages/plants_wildlife/rte/rteplants.aspx)
Virginia Botanical Associates. 2015. Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. (www.vaplantatlas.org). Blacksburg, VA.
Slattery, B.E., Reshetiloff, K. and S.M. Zwicker. 2003. Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed. 2003. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD. Online published booklet and corresponding database. (www.fws.gov/Chesapeakebay/pdf/NativePlantsforWildlifeHabitatandConservationLandscaping.pdf) and (www.nativeplantcenter.net).
Hilty, J. 2017. Illinois Wildflowers. (http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info).
Missouri Botanical Garden. (www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfindersearch.aspx).
University of Connecticut College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources. Plant Database. (www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/search.php).
Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas at Austin (www.wildflower.org/plants).
Brown, M.L. and R.G. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, MD.
Brown, M.L. and R.G. Brown. 1972. Woody Plants of Maryland. Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, MD.
Rhoads, A.F. 2007. The Plants of Pennsylvania: An Illustrated Manual. Second Edition. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.
Maryland Native Plant Sources. Bay-wise Landscape Management. (https://extension.umd.edu/mg/locations/bay-wise-landscape-management).
Maryland Native Plant Society. Buying Native Plants. (https://mdflora.org/nurseries.html).
Plantmaps.com. Maryland Level 4 Ecoregions Map. (http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-maryland-ecoregions-l4-map.php).
Woods, A., Omernik, J., and D. Brown.1999. Level III Ecoregions of the Continental United States. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 (Level III map of the Continental United States, April 2013): ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/us/Eco_Level_III_US.pdf; Level III and IV map of Region 3 – DE, MD, PA, VA, WV: ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/reg3/reg3_eco.pdf.
University of Maryland Extension. Soil Testing. (https://extension.umd.edu/hgic/soils/soil-testing).
Schmidt, M.F. Jr. 2010. Maryland’s Geology. Schiffer Publishing Ltd. Atglen PA.
Maryland Geological Survey. Geologic Map of Maryland. (http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/geo/).
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Web Soil Survey. (https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/).