Trees

Trees are perennial, woody plants with a single stem (trunk), normally greater than 13 to 16 ft. (4 to 5 m.) in height. Under certain environmental conditions, some tree species may develop a multi-stemmed or short growth form of less than 13 ft. (4 m.) in height. The following species have been reported to be invasive in natural areas in the U.S. Species native to the U.S. are included when they are invasive in areas well outside their known natural ranges, as a result of human activities. For more information on each species, including the listing sources, images, and distribution maps, click on the species.

243 Species

Subject Name Scientific Name Family U.S. Nativity
ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Pinaceae Native
eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana L. Cupressaceae Native
princesstree Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. Scrophulariaceae Exotic
Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Pinaceae Native
eastern arborvitae Thuja occidentalis L. Cupressaceae Native
eastern white pine Pinus strobus L. Pinaceae Native
melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake Myrtaceae Exotic
Japanese maple Acer palmatum Thunb. Aceraceae Exotic
Norway maple Acer platanoides L. Aceraceae Exotic
tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle Simaroubaceae Exotic
mimosa Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
camphortree Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl Lauraceae Exotic
Russian-olive Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Elaeagnaceae Exotic
Japanese privet Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Oleaceae Exotic
Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense Lour. Oleaceae Exotic
chinaberry Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Exotic
white poplar Populus alba L. Salicaceae Exotic
European buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica L. Rhamnaceae Exotic
Chinese tallowtree Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Euphorbiaceae Exotic
Port Orford cedar Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl. Cupressaceae Native
incense-cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Cupressaceae Native
Jeffrey pine Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Pinaceae Native
Monterey pine Pinus radiata D. Don Pinaceae Native
Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. Pinaceae Exotic
European alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Betulaceae Exotic
Australian-pine Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casuarinaceae Exotic
trumpet-tree Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. Cecropiaceae Exotic
Tasmanian bluegum Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae Exotic
swampmahogany Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Myrtaceae Native
silkoak Grevillea robusta A. Cunningham ex R. Br. Proteaceae Exotic
osage-orange Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. Moraceae Native
raintree Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
balsam poplar Populus balsamifera L. Salicaceae Native
kiawe Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
black locust Robinia pseudoacacia L. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Native
West Indian mahogany Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Meliaceae Native
common horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum L. Hippocastanaceae Exotic
Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. Pinaceae Exotic
Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don Taxodiaceae Exotic
Siberian elm Ulmus pumila L. Ulmaceae Exotic
Brazilian peppertree Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Anacardiaceae Exotic
Senegal date palm Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Arecaceae Exotic
date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae Exotic
northern catalpa Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. Bignoniaceae Native
Amur maple Acer ginnala Maxim. Aceraceae Exotic
Italian stone pine Pinus pinea L. Pinaceae Exotic
earleaf acacia Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
small Philippine acacia Acacia confusa Merr Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
black acacia Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. ex Ait. f. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
black wattle Acacia mearnsii de Wildeman. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
red beadtree Adenanthera pavonina L Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
woman's tongue tree Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
deviltree Alstonia macrophylla Wallich ex G. Don Apocynaceae Exotic
shoebutton ardisia Ardisia elliptica Thunb Myrsinaceae Exotic
mountain ebony Bauhinia variegata L Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
Javanese bishopwood Bischofia javanica Blume Euphorbiaceae Exotic
plume poppy Bocconia frutescens L. Papaveraceae Native
oriental mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam Rhizophoraceae Exotic
paper-mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. Moraceae Exotic
Antilles calophyllum Calophyllum antillanum Britt Clusiaceae Native
river sheoak Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Casuarinaceae Exotic
Panama rubbertree Castilla elastica n/a Sessé Moraceae Exotic
gray sheoak Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng Casuarinaceae Exotic
day jessamine Cestrum diurnum L. Solanaceae Exotic
night jessamine Cestrum nocturnum L. Solanaceae Exotic
satinleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. Sapotaceae Native
padang cassia Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & Th. Nees) Nees ex Blume Lauraceae Exotic
juniper berry Citharexylum caudatum L. Verbenaceae Native
quinine Cinchona pubescens Vahl Rubiaceae Exotic
spiny fiddlewood Citharexylum spinosum L. Verbenaceae Native
rose glorybower Clerodendrum bungei Steud. Verbenaceae Exotic
stickbush Clerodendrum chinense (Osb.) Mabberley Verbenaceae Exotic
Asian nakedwood Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Rhamnaceae Exotic
karaka nut Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. & G. Forst. Corynocarpaceae Exotic
English hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Rosaceae Exotic
carrotwood Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk. Sapindaceae Exotic
spurgelaurel Daphne laureola L. Thymelaeaceae Exotic
loquat Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl Rosaceae Exotic
Surinam cherry Eugenia uniflora L. Myrtaceae Exotic
peacocksplume Falcataria moluccana (Miquel) Barneby & Grimes Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
council tree Ficus altissima Blume Moraceae Exotic
edible fig Ficus carica L. Moraceae Exotic
governor's plum Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr Flacourtiaceae Exotic
glossy buckthorn Frangula alnus P. Mill. Rhamnaceae Exotic
shamel ash Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsh Oleaceae Exotic
kahiliflower Grevillea banksii R. Br. Proteaceae Exotic
bloodwoodtree Haematoxylum campechianum L. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
white moho Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth Tiliaceae Exotic
rose of Sharon Hibiscus syriacus L. Malvaceae Exotic
sea hibiscus Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Malvaceae Exotic
English holly Ilex aquifolium L. Aquifoliaceae Exotic
flamegold Koelreuteria elegans ssp. formosana (Hayata) F.G. Mey. Sapindaceae Exotic
white leadtree Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
broom teatree Leptospermum scoparium J.R. & G. Forst. Myrtaceae Exotic
fountain palm Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mart. Arecaceae Exotic
glossy privet Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton Oleaceae Exotic
vinegartree Lophostemon confertus (R. Br.) P.G. Wilson & Waterhouse Myrtaceae Exotic
Asian melastome Melastoma candidum D. Don Melastomataceae Exotic
hierba del soldado Melochia umbellata (Houtt.) Stapf Sterculiaceae Exotic
miconia Miconia calvescens DC. Melastomataceae Exotic
white mulberry Morus alba L. Moraceae Exotic
firetree Morella faya (Ait.) Wilbur Myricaceae Exotic
treedaisy Montanoa hibiscifolia (Benth.) Standl. Asteraceae Exotic
Chinese box Murraya exotica L. Rutaceae Exotic
ngaio tree Myoporum laetum G. Forst. Myoporaceae Exotic
tree tobacco Nicotiana glauca Graham Solanaceae Exotic
olive Olea europaea L. Oleaceae Exotic
Honduras pine Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm. Pinaceae Native
maritime pine Pinus pinaster Soland., non Ait. Pinaceae Exotic
Australian cheesewood Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Pittosporaceae Exotic
strawberry guava Psidium cattleianum Sabine Myrtaceae Exotic
guava Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Exotic
ptychosperma Ptychosperma elegans (R. Br.) Blume Arecaceae Exotic
American mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. Rhizophoraceae Native
rose myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. Myrtaceae Exotic
castorbean Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Exotic
octopus tree Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) H.A.T. Harms Araliaceae Exotic
Peruvian peppertree Schinus molle L. Anacardiaceae Exotic
African tuliptree Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Bignoniaceae Exotic
Java plum Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Exotic
Malabar plum Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Myrtaceae Exotic
African tamarisk Tamarix africana Poir. Tamaricaceae Exotic
Athel tamarisk Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. Tamaricaceae Exotic
French tamarisk Tamarix gallica L. Tamaricaceae Exotic
smallflower tamarisk Tamarix parviflora DC. Tamaricaceae Exotic
saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Tamaricaceae Exotic
troipical almond Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Exotic
portia tree Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa Malvaceae Exotic
princess-flower Tibouchina urvilleana (DC.) Cogn. Melastomataceae Exotic
Australian redcedar Toona ciliata Roemer Meliaceae Exotic
oriental trema Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Ulmaceae Exotic
Chinese elm Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. Ulmaceae Exotic
tungoil tree Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw Euphorbiaceae Exotic
wayfaringtree Viburnum lantana L. Caprifoliaceae Exotic
European cranberrybush Viburnum opulus var. opulus L. Caprifoliaceae Exotic
Chinese holly Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton Aquifoliaceae Exotic
peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Rosaceae Exotic
crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica L. Lythraceae Exotic
European mountain-ash Sorbus aucuparia L. Rosaceae Exotic
English oak Quercus robur L. Fagaceae Exotic
fivestamen tamarisk Tamarix chinensis Lour. Tamaricaceae Exotic
Siberian peashrub Caragana arborescens Lam. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Native
sawtooth oak Quercus acutissima Carruthers Fagaceae Exotic
Indian rosewood Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
sapodilla Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen Sapotaceae Exotic
Australian almond Terminalia muelleri Benth. Combretaceae Exotic
poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Euphorbiaceae Exotic
Sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus L. Aceraceae Exotic
Callery pear (Bradford pear) Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Rosaceae Exotic
southern catalpa Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Bignoniaceae Native
Chinese parasoltree Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight Sterculiaceae Exotic
paradise apple Malus pumila P. Mill. Rosaceae Exotic
Lombardy poplar Populus nigra L. Salicaceae Exotic
Siebold's arrowwood Viburnum sieboldii Miq. Caprifoliaceae Exotic
Japanese angelica tree Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem Araliaceae Exotic
European white birch Betula pendula Roth Betulaceae Exotic
Chinese catalpa Catalpa ovata G. Don Bignoniaceae Exotic
European spindletree Euonymus europaeus L. Celastraceae Exotic
Japanese holly Ilex crenata Thunb. Aquifoliaceae Exotic
California privet Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. Oleaceae Exotic
Amur corktree Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Rutaceae Exotic
Japanese corktree Phellodendron japonicum Maxim. Rutaceae Exotic
trifoliate orange Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Rutaceae Exotic
sweet cherry Prunus avium (L.) L. Rosaceae Exotic
sour cherry Prunus cerasus L. Rosaceae Exotic
Mahaleb cherry Prunus mahaleb L. Rosaceae Exotic
European bird cherry Prunus padus L. Rosaceae Exotic
bristly locust Robinia hispida L. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
white willow Salix alba L. Salicaceae Exotic
large gray willow Salix cinerea L. Salicaceae Exotic
crack willow Salix fragilis L. Salicaceae Exotic
laurel willow Salix pentandra L. Salicaceae Exotic
purpleosier willow Salix purpurea L. Salicaceae Exotic
weeping willow Salix x sepulcralis Simonkai [alba × babylonica] Salicaceae Exotic
Japanese yew Taxus cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc. Taxaceae Exotic
Seifriz's chamaedorea Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret Arecaceae Exotic
common filbert Corylus avellana L. Betulaceae Exotic
common pear Pyrus communis L. Rosaceae Exotic
European crabapple Malus sylvestris P. Mill. Rosaceae Exotic
European aspen Populus tremula L. Salicaceae Exotic
garden plum Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae Exotic
orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Rutaceae Exotic
lime Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle Rutaceae Exotic
cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Rosaceae Exotic
Monterey cypress Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gord. Cupressaceae Native
hedge maple Acer campestre L. Aceraceae Exotic
Indian coralbean Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
osier Salix viminalis L. Salicaceae Exotic
English elm Ulmus procera Salisb. Ulmaceae Exotic
river redgum Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt Myrtaceae Exotic
Indian rubberplant Ficus elastica Roxb. Moraceae Exotic
Sydney golden wattle Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
everblooming acacia Acacia retinodes Schlecht. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
Alexandrian laurel Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae Exotic
papaya Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Exotic
Deodar cedar Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don f. Pinaceae Exotic
sour orange Citrus aurantium L. Rutaceae Exotic
Javanese glorybower Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert ex Morr. Verbenaceae Exotic
bladder senna Colutea arborescens L. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
red manjack Cordia collococca L. Boraginaceae Native
Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Taxodiaceae Exotic
Arizona cypress Cupressus arizonica Greene Cupressaceae Native
Cooper's cyathea Cyathea cooperi (Hook. ex F. Muell.) Domin Cyatheaceae Exotic
black peppermint Eucalyptus salicifolia (Sol.) Cav. Myrtaceae Exotic
redbox Eucalyptus polyanthemos Schauer Myrtaceae Exotic
forest redgum Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Myrtaceae Exotic
Queensland maple Flindersia brayleyana F. Muell. Rutaceae Exotic
East Indian almond Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. Combretaceae Exotic
purple mombin Spondias purpurea L. Anacardiaceae Exotic
glossy shower Senna surattensis (Burm. f.) Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
Wisconsin weeping willow Salix x pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis] Salicaceae Exotic
goldenrain tree Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Sapindaceae Exotic
Siberian crabapple Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Rosaceae Exotic
Japanese flowering crabapple Malus floribunda Sieb. Ex Van Houtte Rosaceae Exotic
plumleaf crabapple Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. Rosaceae Exotic
pomegranate Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Exotic
blackthorn Prunus spinosa L. Rosaceae Exotic
Portugal laurel Prunus lusitanica L. Rosaceae Exotic
cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus L. Rosaceae Exotic
mango Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Exotic
ceara rubbertree Manihot glaziovii Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae Exotic
oleander Nerium oleander L. Apocynaceae Exotic
canistel Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni Sapotaceae Exotic
gray poplar Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. (pro sp.) [alba × tremula] Salicaceae Exotic
African olive Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Ciferri Oleaceae Exotic
plume albizia Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) I. Nielsen Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
monkeypod Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
avocado Persea americana P. Mill. Lauraceae Exotic
Coulter pine Pinus coulteri D. Don Pinaceae Native
tall lodgepole pine Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson Pinaceae Native
Washington fan palm Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. Arecaceae Exotic
Taiwanese cheesewood Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr. Pittosporaceae Exotic
queen palm Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman Arecaceae Exotic
trumpet tree Cecropia palmata Willd. Cecropiaceae Exotic
bottlebrush Callistemon viminalis (Gaertn.)G.Don ex Loudon Myrtaceae Exotic
cabbage tree Cordyline australis (G. Forst.) Endl. Liliaceae Exotic
Arabian coffee Coffea arabica L. Rubiaceae Exotic
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Rutaceae Exotic
Japanese black pine Pinus thunbergii Parl. Pinaceae Exotic
arsenic bush Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H. Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Exotic
Chinese banyan Ficus thonningii Blume Moraceae Exotic
European cranberrybush Viburnum opulus L. Caprifoliaceae Exotic
burgan Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thomp. Myrtaceae Exotic