common reed |
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| Cyperales > Poaceae > Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
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| Synonym(s): phragmites |
Common reed is a tall, perennial grass that can grow to heights of 15 ft. (4.6 m) or more. Broad, pointed leaves arise from thick, vertical stalks. Leaves are 6-23.6 in. (15-60 cm) long, 0.4-2.4 in. (1-6 cm) wide, flat and glabrous. The flower heads are dense, fluffy, gray or purple in color and 5.9-15.7 in. (15-40 cm) long. Flowering occurs from July to October. Common reed is usually found in dense thickets growing in or near shallow water. These thickets displace native wetlands plants, alter hydrology and block sunlight to the aquatic community. Exotic common reed is native to Eurasia and Africa. Native Phragmites do occur in the United States and they are sometimes very difficult to distinguish from the exotics. |
Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources
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Selected Images from Invasive.org
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Root(s); Rhizomes
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
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Feature(s); Stem and foliage
Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
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Feature(s); Hairs at Leaf-stem Junction
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
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Foliage;
Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
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Root(s); rhizomes
Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org
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Fruit(s);
Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org
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Flower(s);
Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
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Fruit(s);
Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org
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Flower(s);
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
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Seed(s); seed head
Joseph McCauley, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bugwood.org
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Plant(s);
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
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Plant(s); beach wetland near Lyme
Jil M. Swearingen, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org
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Infestation; invasion front.
Bernd Blossey, Cornell University, Bugwood.org
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Flower(s);
Mandy Tu, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org
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Infestation;
John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org
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Diagram or Graphic; USDA NRCS. Wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org
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Diagram or Graphic; Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Misc. Publ. No. 200. Washington, DC.
USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org
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Diagram or Graphic; Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 1: 232.
USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org
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Invasive Reference(s):
Check Invasive.org for most current lists.
- Alabama - Noxious Weed Law
- Connecticut - Noxious Weed Law
- Georgia - EPPC list
- Kentucky - EPPC List
- Massachusetts - Noxious Weed Law
- South Carolina - EPPC List
- South Carolina - Noxious Weed Law
- Tennessee - EPPC List
- Vermont - Noxious Weed Law
- Virginia - Invasive Alien Plant Species
- Washington - Noxious Weed Law
- Mid-Atlantic - EPPC List
- Invasive Plants: Guide to Identification and the Impacts and Control of Common North American Species
- Invasive Plant Atlas of New England
External Links
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