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yellow toadflax	USDA PLANTS Symbol: LIVU2 USDA ARS GRIN: 102290 ITIS: 33216 NAPIS: PEUAIBD
Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.
Taxonomic Rank: Magnoliopsida: Scrophulariales: Scrophulariaceae
Synonym(s): butter and eggs, Jacob's ladder, wild snapdragon
Yellow toadflax is a perennial herb that can reach 3.3 ft. (1 m) tall. Leaves are nearly sessile, drooping, linear and 1-2 in. (2.5-5 cm) long. Leaves can sometimes be sparsely covered by long hairs. Flowering occurs from May to September, when yellow/white, snapdragon-like flowers develop. Flowers, including the spur, are 0.6-1.2 in. (1.5-3 cm) long and occur in racemes at the apex of the stems. Fruits are capsules that are 0.4-0.5 in. (9-12 mm) long. Each capsule contains small, flat seeds with a papery wing. Yellow toadflax is native to Europe and was introduced into North America, as an ornamental, in the mid 1600s. Plants occur in fields, pastures, roadsides, undisturbed prairies and rangelands.

Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources

Element Stewardship Abstract - The Nature Conservancy

Selected Images from Invasive.org

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Seedling(s); Along with dandelion rosettes Elizabeth Bella, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); Elizabeth Bella, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Feature(s); Roots Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage
Flower(s); Montana Wendy VanDyk Evans, , Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Flower(s); Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); with flowers Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); side view of clump of plants in flower Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage
Fruit(s); fruit and seeds Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Foliage; view from above John Cardina, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); in flower Linda Wilson, University of Idaho, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); in flower Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage
Fruit(s); John Cardina, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Plant(s); Field of flowers, Routt NF, CO William M. Ciesla, Forest Health Management International, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Flower(s); Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage
Infestation; Pikes Peak Ranger District, Pike National Forest, south-central Colorado Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Infestation; Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Infestation; Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Infestation; Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage
Seed(s); Steve Hurst, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage	Diagram or Graphic; Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 3: 177. USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage

Taxonomic References:

USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

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