| Eurasian watermilfoil |
USDA PLANTS Symbol: MYSP2 USDA ARS GRIN: 400094 ITIS: 27039 NAPIS: PCDABBD |
| Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus | |
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Taxonomic Rank: Magnoliopsida: Haloragales: Haloragaceae |
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| Synonym(s): spiked watermilfoil | |
Eurasian watermilfoil is a submersed aquatic plant that invades lakes, ponds, and other aquatic environments throughout the United States. The plants are rooted and the stems grow up to the water surface, usually reaching 3 to 10 ft. (0.9-3 m) in length, however they can be as much as 30 ft. (9.1 m) long. Eurasian watermilfoil forms dense mats of bright green, finely dissected, whorled leaves. The delicate leaflets give this plant a feathery appearance. Eurasian watermilfoil requires stagnant to slowly moving water and can tolerate brackish conditions. Once established the dense mats of leaves restrict light availability, leading to a decline in the diversity and abundance of native macrophytes. In addition, Eurasian watermilfoil displaces the native species of watermilfoil and reduces habitats for fish spawning and feeding. Eurasian watermilfoil is native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. It was accidentally introduced into the United States sometime between the late 1800s and 1940s. |
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Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources
- Images, Video and Information - University of Florida - Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
- Global Invasive Species Database - Invasive Species Specialist Group
- Invasive Plant Atlas of New England - University of Connecticut
- Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual - SE-EPPC
- Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States - USDA Forest Service
- Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas - National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas - Plant Conservation Alliance
- Fact Sheet - Pennsylvania Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources
| Selected Images from Invasive.org | View All Images at Invasive.org |
 Foliage; Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Foliage; Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); Inflorescence Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Plant(s); Native to Africa, and Europe, invades lakes, ponds, and other water bodies throughout the United States. Alison Fox, University of Florida, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Plant(s); a submersed aquatic plant at Cornell University Research Ponds Robert L. Johnson, Cornell University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Seed(s); Steve Hurst, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Diagram or Graphic; Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 2: 614. USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
Taxonomic References:
- USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Invasive Listing Sources:
- City of Ann Arbor Michigan Parks and Recreation
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 1994.
- Connecticut Invasive Plant Working Group
- Delaware Natural Resources and Environmental Control, 2004
- Faith Campbell, 1998. Plants that Hog the Garden: Invasive Plants in the United States. Fine Gardening Online
- Hoffman, R. & K. Kearns, Eds. 1997. Wisconsin manual of control recommendations for ecologically invasive plants. Wisconsin Dept. Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources. Madison, Wisconsin. 102pp.
- Invasive Plant Council of New York State
- Jil M. Swearingen, Survey of invasive plants occurring on National Park Service lands, 2000-2007
- John Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Survey of TNC Preserves, 1995.
- Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005
- Native Plant Society of Oregon, 2002
- New Hampshire Invasive Species Committee. 2005. Guide to Invasive Upland Plant Species in New Hampshire. New Hampshire Department of Agriculture, Markets and Food Plant Industry Division and New Hampshire Invasive Species Committee.
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, 2004
- Nonnative Invasive Species in Southern Forest and Grassland Ecosystems
- Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council, 1998
- Pennypack Ecological Restoration Trust, Pennsylvania.
- Tatyana Livschultz, Pennsylvania survey of invasive plants,
- Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation,
- Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 1999.
- WeedUS - Database of Plants Invading Natural Areas in the United States
- Alabama Invasive Plant Council
- Alabama Noxious Weeds Class C Noxious Weed
- California Invasive Plant Council
- California Noxious Weeds
- Colorado Noxious Weeds
- Connecticut Noxious Weeds
- Alachua County Cogongrass Initiative
- Apalachicola Invasive Working Group
- Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Category II
- Treasure Coast Cooperative Invasive Species Mgmt. Area - EARLY DRAFT
- Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council Category 3
- Idaho Noxious Weeds
- Massachusetts Noxious Weeds
- Maine Noxious Weeds
- Montana Noxious Weeds
- North Carolina Noxious Weeds Class B
- New Mexico Noxious Weeds
- Nevada Noxious Weeds
- Oregon Noxious Weeds
- South Carolina Noxious Weeds
- South Dakota Noxious Weeds
- Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council Severe Threat
- Texas Noxious Weeds
- Vermont Noxious Weeds
- Washington Noxious Weeds
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