| autumn-olive |
USDA PLANTS Symbol: ELUM USDA ARS GRIN: 14934 ITIS: 27776 NAPIS: PBQABBC |
| Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. | |
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Taxonomic Rank: Magnoliopsida: Rhamnales: Elaeagnaceae |
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| Synonym(s): autumn olive, oleaster, silverberry | |
Autumn olive is a deciduous shrub from 3-20 ft. (0.9-6.1 m) in height. It is easily recognized by the silvery, dotted underside of the leaves. Leaves are alternate and 1 in. (2.5 cm) wide. Small, yellowish flowers are abundant and occur in clusters near the stems in May to June. Fruits are red, juicy, and edible. Fruits ripen from September to November. Autumn olive invades old fields, woodland edges, and other disturbed areas. It can form a dense shrub layer which displaces native species and closes open areas. Autumn olive is native to China and Japan and was introduced into North America in 1830. Since then, it has been widely planted for wildlife habitat, mine reclamation, and shelterbelts. |
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Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources
- Weed of the Week - USDA Forest Service
- Fire Effects Information System - USDA Forest Service
- Invasive Plant Atlas of New England - University of Connecticut
- Element Stewardship Abstract - The Nature Conservancy
- Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual - SE-EPPC
- Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas - National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests - USDA Forest Service
- Fact Sheet - Pennsylvania Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources
| Selected Images from Invasive.org | View All Images at Invasive.org |
 Plant(s); Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Foliage; Shiny, silvery underside of a leaf. Appears to be covered in small dots when examined closely. Martin County, KY Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Foliage; April James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Bark; branch bark in April James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Twig(s)/Shoot(s); April James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Bark; with older stem bark starting to flake in December James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Feature(s); Nitrogen-fixing nodules Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); in May James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); in May James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); Nancy Loewenstein, Auburn University, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Fruit(s); Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, , Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Fruit(s); Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Plant(s); Martin County, KY Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; David J. Moorhead, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Seed(s); Steve Hurst, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
Taxonomic References:
- USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Invasive Listing Sources:
- City of Ann Arbor Michigan Parks and Recreation
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 1994.
- Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
- Connecticut Invasive Plant Working Group
- Delaware Natural Resources and Environmental Control, 2004
- Faith Campbell, 1998. Plants that Hog the Garden: Invasive Plants in the United States. Fine Gardening Online
- Hoffman, R. & K. Kearns, Eds. 1997. Wisconsin manual of control recommendations for ecologically invasive plants. Wisconsin Dept. Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources. Madison, Wisconsin. 102pp.
- Indiana Native Plant and Wildflower Society
- Invasive Plant Council of New York State
- Jil M. Swearingen, Survey of invasive plants occurring on National Park Service lands, 2000-2007
- John Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Survey of TNC Preserves, 1995.
- Maryland Cooperative Extension Service. 2003. Invasive Plant Control in Maryland. Home and Garden Information Center, Home and Garden Mimeo HG88. 4 pp.
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 1994
- Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005
- Missouri Department of Conservation,
- New Hampshire Invasive Species Committee. 2005. Guide to Invasive Upland Plant Species in New Hampshire. New Hampshire Department of Agriculture, Markets and Food Plant Industry Division and New Hampshire Invasive Species Committee.
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, 2004
- Nonnative Invasive Species in Southern Forest and Grassland Ecosystems
- North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1998
- Pennypack Ecological Restoration Trust, Pennsylvania.
- Reichard, Sarah. 1994. Assessing the potential of invasiveness in woody plants introduced in North America. University of Washington Ph.D. dissertation.
- Rhode Island Natural History Society,
- Tatyana Livschultz, Pennsylvania survey of invasive plants,
- University of Hawaii, Botany Department, Hawaiian Alien Plant Studies, 1998
- Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation,
- Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 1999.
- WeedUS - Database of Plants Invading Natural Areas in the United States
- Alabama Invasive Plant Council
- Connecticut Noxious Weeds
- Apalachicola Invasive Working Group
- Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Category II
- Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council Category 1
- Kentucky Exotic Pest Plant Council Severe Threat
- Massachusetts Noxious Weeds
- New Hampshire Noxious Weeds
- South Carolina Exotic Pest Plant Council Severe Threat
- Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council Severe Threat
- Tennessee Noxious Weeds
- West Virginia Noxious Weeds
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