| hemlock woolly adelgid |
NAPIS: IRAZAHA
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| Adelges tsugae Annand | |
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Taxonomic Rank: Hexapoda (including Insecta): Hemiptera: Adelgidae |
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Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is native to Japan and possibly China. It was first observed in western North America in the early 1920's and had moved east to Virginia by the 1950's. In the eastern United States, HWA is now found from northern Georgia, north along the Appalachian Mountains to southern New England. Movement of live infested hemlocks, wind, birds, and mammals disperse it on a local scale. Hosts include forest and ornamental hemlock trees (Tsuga spp.). HWA is a serious pest of eastern hemlock and Carolina hemlock. Size varies from 1/16 to 1/8 of an inch in length with piercing/ sucking mouthparts. All adults are female with each female producing 50-300 eggs in a lifetime. It produces increasing amounts of white, woolly wax used to protect itself and its eggs. A sign of infestation is the presence of what appears to be the tips of cotton swabs on the bases of needles. Needle loss and twig desiccation, caused by the insects feeding, hinders shoot growth. Needle loss is followed by twig die-back, defoliation, and death, usually within four to six years of infestation. Severe infestations can eliminate the hemlock component from forest stands. |
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Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources
- Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Georgia -
- Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid - USDA Forest Service
- Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Action Team - Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere
- Pest Notes - The Nature Conservancy
- Distribution Maps - USDA Forest Service
- Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Survey in Georgia - Georgia Forestry Commission
- Hemlock Woolly Adelgid - USDA Forest Service
- Pest Alert - USDA Forest Service
- Proceedings: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States Symposium - USDA Forest Service
- Hemlock Woolly Adelgid - USDA Forest Service
| Selected Images from Invasive.org | View All Images at Invasive.org |
 Adult(s); With wax removed Michael Montgomery, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Biological Control; lady beetle, Pseudoscymnus tsugae, feeding on hemlock woolly adelgid Dennis J. Souto, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Adult(s); Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Archive, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; thinning of crown Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
Taxonomic References:
- Bosik, J. J. Common Names of Insects and Related Organisms 1997. Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America (ESA), 1997. 232 pp.
- R.W. Poole and P. Gentili, Nomina Insecta Nearctica. 1996. Nomina insecta nearctica: a checklist of the insects of North America. Vol. 4. Rockville (MD): Entomological Information Services. Available at URL: http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm
Invasive Listing Sources:
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