| melaleuca |
USDA PLANTS Symbol: MEQU USDA ARS GRIN: 105723 ITIS: 27228 NAPIS: PDIAFAA |
| Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake | |
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Taxonomic Rank: Magnoliopsida: Myrtales: Myrtaceae |
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| Synonym(s): punktree, paperbark | |
Melaleuca is a tall (up to 80 ft. [24.4 m]), evergreen tree in the eucalyptus family that invades wetland habitats in southern Florida. The bark is papery, layered, brownish-white and peeling. The alternate leaves are gray-green, oval, 1-4 in. (2.5-10.2 cm) long and smell of camphor when crushed. Flowering occurs throughout the year. The brush-like spikes of flowers are white in color and give way to small, woody, seed capsules. Seeds are spread by wind and water. Melaleuca aggressively invades a variety of wetland habitats including sawgrass marshes, wet prairies, and aquatic sloughs. It often forms impenetrable thickets, reduces biodiversity, displaces native vegetation and reduces the value of these habitats for wildlife. It also accelerates the loss of groundwater due to increased evapotranspiration. Melaleuca is native to Australia, New Guinea, and New Caledonia and was first introduced into the United States in southern Florida in the early 1900s for landscaping and “swamp drying” purposes. Melaleuca resembles red bottlebrush (Callistemon citrinus), but the flowers of C. citrinus are red. |
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Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources
- Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules of the U.S. - USDA-APHIS
- Management Plan - Florida EPPC
- Fire Effects Information System - USDA Forest Service
- Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States - USDA Forest Service
- Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas - Plant Conservation Alliance
| Selected Images from Invasive.org | View All Images at Invasive.org |
 Foliage; Amy Ferriter, State of Idaho, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Bark; Thin layers of peeling bark David Nance, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Feature(s); papery trunk Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); Amy Ferriter, State of Idaho, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Flower(s); flwoers Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Fruit(s); fruits Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Fruit(s); Seed capsules. Albert (Bud) Mayfield, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Fruit(s); capsules Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Seed(s); Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; Forms dense forests that can reach heights of over 20 meters. Stephen Ausmus, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; Small head/outliers Amy Ferriter, State of Idaho, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Stand; understory John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Stand; Randy Westbrooks, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Tree(s); A tree from Australia, was introduced into south Florida in the early 1900s as a landscape ornamental, to dry up the Everglades and for use as a timber crop. Alison Fox, University of Florida, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Tree(s); David Nance, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Tree(s); Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Tree(s); large tree trunk with Kim Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Tree(s); habit Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Wildfire; Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Wildfire; Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Wildfire; post fire Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Wildfire; Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; David J. Moorhead, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; David J. Moorhead, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Infestation; David J. Moorhead, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; Amy Ferriter, State of Idaho, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; Amy Ferriter, State of Idaho, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; Hack and squirt chemical control treatment in Florida Everglades Albert (Bud) Mayfield, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; Hack and squirt chemical control treatment in Florida Everglades Albert (Bud) Mayfield, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; chainsaw control Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Control; Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
Taxonomic References:
- USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Invasive Listing Sources:
- Archbold Biological Station
- Faith Campbell, 1998. Plants that Hog the Garden: Invasive Plants in the United States. Fine Gardening Online
- Federal Noxious Weeds
- Jil M. Swearingen, Survey of invasive plants occurring on National Park Service lands, 2000-2007
- John Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Survey of TNC Preserves, 1995.
- National Wildlife Refuge Association, Silent Invasion: A Call to Action from the National Wildlife Refuge Association, 2002. Washington DC. 17 pp.
- Nonnative Invasive Species in Southern Forest and Grassland Ecosystems
- Reichard, Sarah. 1994. Assessing the potential of invasiveness in woody plants introduced in North America. University of Washington Ph.D. dissertation.
- University of Hawaii, Botany Department, Hawaiian Alien Plant Studies, 1998
- USDA APHIS Regulated Pest List
- WeedUS - Database of Plants Invading Natural Areas in the United States
- California Noxious Weeds
- Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Category I
- Florida Keys Invasive Species Task Force
- Florida Noxious Weeds
- Southwest Florida Cooperative Invasive Species Mgmt. Area
- Treasure Coast Cooperative Invasive Species Mgmt. Area - EARLY DRAFT
- Massachusetts Noxious Weeds
- North Carolina Noxious Weeds Class A
- Oregon Noxious Weeds
- South Carolina Noxious Weeds
- Texas Noxious Weeds
- Vermont Noxious Weeds
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