| European white birch |
USDA PLANTS Symbol: BEPE3 USDA ARS GRIN: 7127 ITIS: 19495 NAPIS: PBIACBH |
| Betula pendula Roth | |
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Taxonomic Rank: Magnoliopsida: Fagales: Betulaceae |
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| Synonym(s): silver birch |
Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources
- Weed of the Week - USDA Forest Service
- ID Fact Sheet - Virginia Tech
| Selected Images from Invasive.org | View All Images at Invasive.org |
 Tree(s); Snow covered. Poland Gil Wojciech, Polish Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Diagram or Graphic; 1. Flowering shoot with male (a - c) and female (d - f) catkins. - 2. Mature branchlet with fully developed, yet green male (a, b) and female (fruit-) catkins (c, d), and a ripe one (e - i). - 3. Three lobed bracts from (a) outer (abaxial), and (b) inner (adaxial) sides. - 4. Fruit is a winged nutlet. - 5. Seedling with cotyledons and first ordinary leaves. - 6. Winter-branchlet from a young tree furnished with glandular warts. - 7. Winter-branchlet with dormant male catkins (m - o), and the rachis of female catkins after the fruits and bracts fall (p, q, r). After Hempel & Wilhelm, 1889. Photos and explanations from the book: Zelimir Borzan. "Tree and Shrub Names in Latin, Croatian, English, and German, with synonyms", University of Zagreb, 2001. Zelimir Borzan, University of Zagreb, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
 Bark; Most important broadleaved species in Polish forests. Stands with dominance of silver birch occupy 6.2% of the total forest area (9 million ha) in Poland (2003) Gil Wojciech, Polish Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org Additional Resolutions & Image Usage |
Taxonomic References:
- USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Invasive Listing Sources:
- Faith Campbell, 1998. Plants that Hog the Garden: Invasive Plants in the United States. Fine Gardening Online
- Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005
- Reichard, Sarah. 1994. Assessing the potential of invasiveness in woody plants introduced in North America. University of Washington Ph.D. dissertation.
- WeedUS - Database of Plants Invading Natural Areas in the United States
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