Invasive Plants of the Thirteen Southern States

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James H. Miller
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Erwin B. Chambliss
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Charles T. Bargeron
The Bugwood Network
The University of Georgia
Tifton Georgia

This is a compilation of invasive plants listed by any of the 13 Southern States and those by federal agencies pertaining to these States as of May 2004. Plants listed include those from the Federal Noxious Weed List as of September 2000, State laws (denoted as Laws), and State exotic pest plant councils (denoted as Lists). Currently, there are 7 States with noxious weed laws and 8 States with invasive plant lists. No lists were available for the states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The USDA Forest Service Southern Region's "Regional forester's list and ranking structure: invasive exotic plant species of management concern (2001)" has been included as a "policy" that guides invasive management on National Forest lands. Also, included is the list of invasive plants being monitored by the USDA Forest Service and States Forestry Agencies as part of the Forest Inventory and Analysis.

Please note: You may click on each of the headers below to resort the list. The scientific names are also hyperlinked to images and information about the plant.

Federal Noxious Weed List: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Arkansas: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Mississippi: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Alabama: LAW
a=Class A - Federally listed
b=Class B - Nonnative, in state serious threat
c=Class C - poses harm to industries

South Carolina: LAW
a=General list not categorized

North Carolina: LAW
a=Class A noxious weeds
b=Class B noxious weeds

Florida: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Mississippi: LIST
a=General list not categorized

Alabama: LIST
a=Worst ten

Georgia: LIST
a=Top ten listed
b=Other important

Tennessee: LIST
a=Rank 1 Severe threat
b=Rank 2 Significant threat
c=Rank 3 Lesser threat
Watch Lists A&B not included

Kentucky: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Lesser threat

South Carolina: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Watch

Virginia: LIST
a=High Invasiveness
b=Medium Invasiveness
c=Low invasiveness

Florida: LIST
a=Category I altering plant community
b=Category II increased frequency but not altering plant community

USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis and State Monitoring for Invasive Plants:
a=Monitored in 13 SE states
b=Monitored in Florida only

National Forest Service: POLICY
a=Category 1 species known to be invasive and persistent
b=Category 2 species suspected to be invasive

Growth Form	Scientific Name	Common Name	US law	AR law	MS law	AL law	SC law	NC law	FL law	MS list	AL list	GA list	SC list	FL list	TN list	KY list	VA list	USFS policy	USFS & State Monitoring
Shrub or Subshrub	Ficus microcarpa Vahl.													a
Aquatic	Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek														b	b
Conifer Trees	Pinus thunbergiana Franco																c
Aquatic	Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson
Forbs/Herbs	Aeginetia spp. L.	aeginetia	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lycium ferrocissimum Miers	African boxthorn	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Digitaria abyssinica (A. Rich) Stapf	African couchgrass	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum macrourum Trinius	African feathergrass	a				a	a	a
Vines	Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Robins.	African mile-a-minute	a				a	a	a
Vines	Dioscorea bulbifera L.	air-potato				a			a					a				a	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis alpataco R. A. Philippi	alapataco	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis sericantha Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.	albardon	a
Forbs/Herbs	Alectra spp. Thunb.	alectra	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Drymaria arenarioides Humboldt & Bonpland	alfombrilla	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis argentina Burkart	algarobilla	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott	algarrobilla	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis campestris Griesbach	algarrobillo	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart	algarrobillo	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis hassleri Harms ex Hassler	algarrobo paraguayo	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis denudans Bentham	algarrobo patagonica	a
Aquatic	Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.	alligatorweed		a		c	a			a	a	b		b	b		c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea transalpina Schleich. ex DC.	alpine knapweed															c
Vines	Syngonium podophyllum Schott	American evergreen												a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder	Amur honeysuckle													a	a	b	a	a
Vines	Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv.	Amur peppervine															c	b
Aquatic	Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth	anchored waterhyacinth	a	a			a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Poa annua L.	annual bluegrass														c
Hardwood Trees	Calophyllum antillanum Britt	Antilles calophyllum												a
Vines	Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.	Arabian jasmine												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Prosopis strombulifera (Lamarck) Bentham	Argentine screwbean	a
Aquatic	Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus	arrowhead	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott	arrowleaf elephant's ear												b
Forbs/Herbs	Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms	arrowleaved monochoria	a				a	a
Hardwood Trees	Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn.	Asian nakedwood												a
Forbs/Herbs	Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) Jarrett ex Morton	Asian swordfern												a
Forbs/Herbs	Commelina communis L.	Asiatic dayflower														c	c
Hardwood Trees	Terminalia muelleri Benth.	Australian almond												b
Hardwood Trees	Casuarina equisetifolia L.	Australian-pine												a					b
Shrub or Subshrub	Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.	autumn-olive										a	a		a	a	c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Paspalum notatum Flueggé	bahiagrass											b
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus racemosus L.	bald brome		a											b
Vines	Cardiospermum halicacabum L.	balloonvine		a		c	a								c		b
Shrub or Subshrub	Melastoma malabathricum L.	Banks melastoma	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis kuntzei Harms ex Hassler	barbe de tigre	a
Grass or Grasslike	Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv	barnyardgrass		a												c
Forbs/Herbs	Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woods	basketplant												b
Vines	Sphagneticola trilobata (L.C. Rich.) Pruski	Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Scaevola taccada Vahl	beach naupaka												a
Shrub or Subshrub	Vitex rotundifolia L. f.	beach vitex											b
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera x bella Zabel [morrowii × tatarica]	Bell's honeysuckle													a		c
Forbs/Herbs	Commelina benghalensis L.	Benghal dayflower	a		c		a	a	a			b	c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Commelina benghalensis L.	Benghal dayflower	a		c		a	a	a			b	c	a
Grass or Grasslike	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers	bermudagrass		a								b
Vines	Vinca major L.	big periwinkle											c				c		a
Vines	Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydb	bigfruit dodder	a
Forbs/Herbs	Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh	bigpod sesbania		a
Forbs/Herbs	Lotus corniculatus L.	birdsfoot trefoil															c
Shrub or Subshrub	Solanum dulcamara L.	bittersweet nightshade														a
Forbs/Herbs	Medicago lupulina L.	black medic														c
Forbs/Herbs	Cnicus benedictus L.	blessed thistle					a
Forbs/Herbs	Tradescantia spathacea Sw.	boatlily												a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc.	border privet															b
Forbs/Herbs	Plantago aristata Michx.	bracted plantain		a
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche ramosa L.	branched broomrape	a				a	a	a
Aquatic	Sparganium erectum L.	branched burreed	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Verbena brasiliensis Vell.	Brazil vervain																a
Aquatic	Egeria densa Planch.	Brazilian egeria				c	a								c		b	b
Hardwood Trees	Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi	Brazilian peppertree							a					a					b
Grass or Grasslike	Imperata brasiliensis Trinius	Brazilian satintail	a		c		a	a	a					a
Aquatic	Najas minor All.	brittleleaf naiad				d	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ruellia caerulea Leonard	Britton's wild petunia												a
Forbs/Herbs	Spermacoce alata Aubl.	broadleaf buttonweed	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche spp. L.	broomrape	a						a
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea jacea L.	brown knapweed															b
Grass or Grasslike	Oryza rufipogon Griffiths	brown-beard rice	a				a	a	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Plantago lanceolata L.	buckhorn plantain		a
Forbs/Herbs	Ranunculus bulbosus L.	bulbous buttercup														c
Forbs/Herbs	Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.	bull thistle											b		b		b	b
Grass or Grasslike	Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex A.S. Hitchc.	burmareed												a
Forbs/Herbs	Urena lobata L.	Caesarweed												b
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis caldenia Burkart	calden	a
Forbs/Herbs	Eschscholzia californica Cham	California poppy													a
Hardwood Trees	Pyrus calleryana Dcne.	Callery pear (Bradford pear)											c
Shrub or Subshrub	Alhagi maurorum Medik	camelthorn
Shrub or Subshrub	Alhagi maurorum Medik	camelthorn
Hardwood Trees	Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl	camphortree												a				a
Grass or Grasslike	Poa compressa L.	Canada bluegrass														c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.	Canada thistle						b							b	b	c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Homeria spp. Vent.	cape tulip	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Ajuga reptans L.	carpet bugle															c
Hardwood Trees	Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk.	carrotwood							a					a					b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ricinus communis L.	castorbean												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Mimosa pellita Kunth ex Willd.	catclaw mimosa	a				a	a	a					a				b
Vines	Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry	catclaw-vine												a				b	b
Shrub or Subshrub	Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.	cathedral bells												b
Forbs/Herbs	Nepeta cataria L.	catnip														c
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria pumila ssp. pallidefusca (Schumacher) B.K. Simon	cattail grass	a				a	a	a
Vines	Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl	centipede tongavine												b
Forbs/Herbs	Phyllanthus urinaria L.	chamber bitter				c							c
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus tectorum L.	cheatgrass													b
Shrub or Subshrub	Rosa laevigata Michx.	Cherokee rose									a								a
Forbs/Herbs	Cichorium intybus L.	chicory													a	a
Hardwood Trees	Melia azedarach L.	chinaberry										b	b	a	c		b		a
Hardwood Trees	Murraya exotica L.	Chinese box												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Polygonum aubertii Henry	Chinese fleecevine											c
Shrub or Subshrub	Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight	Chinese parasoltree											c
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum sinense Lour.	Chinese privet								a	a	a	a	a	a	a	c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.	Chinese silvergrass										b	b		b	a	c	b	a
Grass or Grasslike	Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees	Chinese sprangletop	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Triadica sebifera (L.) Small	Chinese tallowtree			a				a	a	a	a	a	a				a	a
Vines	Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders	Chinese violet												b
Vines	Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC.	Chinese wisteria										a	a	b	b		b	b	a
Vines	Dioscorea oppositifolia L.	Chinese yam											c		a	a	c	a	a
Vines	Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne.	chocolate vine														b	b
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis ferox Griesbach	churqui	a
Vines	Begonia cucullata Willd	clubed begonia												b
Forbs/Herbs	Tridax procumbens L.	coat buttons	a				a	a	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthium spp. L.	cocklebur		a
Forbs/Herbs	Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott	coco yam, wild taro											c	a
Grass or Grasslike	Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.	cogongrass	a	a	a		a	a	a	a	a	b	c	a			c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Agrostis capillaris L.	colonial bentgrass															b
Forbs/Herbs	Tussilago farfara L.	coltsfoot				a									b
Forbs/Herbs	Arctium minus Bernh.	common burdock														b
Forbs/Herbs	Stellaria media ssp. pallida (Dumort.) Asch. & Graebn.	common chickweed														b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthium strumarium L.	common cocklebur													b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Crupina vulgaris Cass.	common crupina	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.	common lespedeza													c	b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.	common lespedeza													c	b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Verbascum thapsus L.	common mullein													b
Vines	Vinca minor L.	common periwinkle											c		b	b	c		a
Grass or Grasslike	Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.	common reed				c	a					b	a		a	a	c
Grass or Grasslike	Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.	common reed				c	a					b	a		a	a	c
Forbs/Herbs	Hypericum perforatum L.	common St. Johnswort														c
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus fullonum L.	common teasel													b
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus fullonum L.	common teasel													b
Grass or Grasslike	Holcus lanatus L.	common velvetgrass														c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Vicia sativa Linnaeus	common vetch													b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ardisia crenata Sims	coral ardisia												a				b	b
Vines	Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.	coral vine												b
Forbs/Herbs	Agrostemma githago L	corn cockle		a			a
Forbs/Herbs	Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston	corn gromwell													c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea cyanus L.	cornflower													c
Hardwood Trees	Ficus altissima Blume	council tree												b
Forbs/Herbs	Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke	cowpea witchweed	a				a	a						a
Forbs/Herbs	Stratiotes aloides L.	crab's-claw				c
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche crenata Forsk.	crenate broomrape	a
Aquatic	Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) O. Ktze.	crested floating heart												b
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) Chiov.	crimson fountaingrass												b
Forbs/Herbs	Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H.E. Robins.	croftonweed	a				a	a	a
Vines	Securigera varia (L.) Lassen	crownvetch													b	a	c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Rumex crispus L.	curly dock															b
Aquatic	Potamogeton crispus L.	curlyleaf pondweed				c									b
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis calingastana Burkart	cusqui	a
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus laciniatus L.	cutleaf teasel													b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Hesperis matronalis L.	damesrocket													b
Hardwood Trees	Cestrum diurnum L.	day jessamine												b
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus entrerianus Boeckl.	deeprooted sedge											c
Forbs/Herbs	Striga densiflora (Benth.) Benth.	denseflower witchweed	a
Forbs/Herbs	Dianthus armeria L.	Deptford pink														c
Hardwood Trees	Alstonia macrophylla Wallich ex G. Don	deviltree												b
Forbs/Herbs	Rumex spp. L.	dock		a
Vines	Cuscuta spp. L.	dodder	a	a			a	a	a
Aquatic	Ottelia alismoides (Linnaeus) Pers.	duck-lettuce	a				a	a
Aquatic	Salvinia auriculata Aublet	eared salvinia	a				a	a				b
Shrub or Subshrub	Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth.	earleaf acacia												a
Vines	Aristolochia elegans Mast.	elegant dutchman's pipe												b
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher	elephant grass							a					a					b
Hardwood Trees	Ochrosia elliptica Labill.	elliptic yellowwood												b
Vines	Hedera helix L.	English ivy										b	b		a	b	b	b	a
Aquatic	Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus	Eurasian watermilfoil				d	a	b						b	a		c	b
Shrub or Subshrub	Rubus fruticosus L.	European blackberry	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum vulgare L.	European privet													a	a		a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.	fennel															b
Vines	Convolvulus arvensis L.	field bindweed		a												c	b
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus arvensis L.	field brome													b
Forbs/Herbs	Ranunculus ficaria L.	fig buttercup															c
Hardwood Trees	Koelreuteria elegans ssp. formosana (Hayata) F.G. Mey.	flamegold												b
Forbs/Herbs	Stachys floridana Shuttlw. ex Benth.	Florida betony						b
Hardwood Trees	Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mart.	fountain palm												b
Crops	Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.	foxtail millet													b
Hardwood Trees	Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.	fragrant manjack												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Tamarix gallica L.	French tamarisk										b
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus fullonum sylvestris (Huds.) Clapham	Fuller's teasel														b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande	garlic mustard				a							c		a	a	c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria faberi Herrm.	giant foxtail		a											b	b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier	giant hogweed	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Arundo donax L.	giant reed										b	b		c		b
Aquatic	Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell	giant salvinia	a		a		a	a				b		a				a
Shrub or Subshrub	Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle	giant sensitiveplant	a				a	a	a
Vines	Cuscuta potosina Schaffn	globe dodder	a
Vines	Cuscuta potosina var. globifera Yunck.	globe dodder	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D. Austin	gloria de la manana												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton	glossy privet												a				a
Forbs/Herbs	Galega officinalis L.	goatsrue	a				a	a	a
Vines	Jasminum dichotomum Vahl	Gold Coast jasmine												a
Grass or Grasslike	Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A.& C. Rivière	golden bamboo										a	b	b			b		a
Grass or Grasslike	Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.	goosegrass														b
Shrub or Subshrub	Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr	governor's plum												b
Hardwood Trees	Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng	gray sheoak												a					b
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.	green foxtail													b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Glechoma hederacea L.	ground ivy													c	b	b
Shrub or Subshrub	Psidium guajava L.	guava												a					b
Shrub or Subshrub	Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster	guineagrass												b
Forbs/Herbs	Indigofera hirsuta L.	hairy indigo																	b
Forbs/Herbs	Prunella vulgaris L.	healall														a
Vines	Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium (L.) R. Br.	hedge false bindweed		a
Forbs/Herbs	Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link	hedgeparsley													b
Forbs/Herbs	Lamium amplexicaule L.	henbit														c
Aquatic	Salvinia herzogii de la Sota	Herzog salvinia	a				a	a				b
Shrub or Subshrub	Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz	hiptage												b
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum carolinense L.	horsenettle		a
Aquatic	Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle	hydrilla	a		a		a	a			a	a		a	b		c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce	iguanatail												b
Forbs/Herbs	Tectaria incisa Cav.	incised halberd fern												a
Forbs/Herbs	Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke	Indian mock-strawberry														c
Hardwood Trees	Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC.	Indian rosewood												b
Grass or Grasslike	Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton	itchgrass	a	a	a		a	a	a			b
Vines	Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.	ivyleaf morningglory														b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Veronica hederifolia L.	ivyleaf speedwell															b
Vines	Tribulus cistoides L.	Jamaica feverplant												b
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum jamaicense P. Mill.	Jamaican nightshade												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Berberis thunbergii DC.	Japanese barberry													b	b	b	a
Vines	Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw.	Japanese climbing fern				b			a		a	b	b	a				a	a
Vines	Cuscuta japonica Choisy	Japanese dodder	a										c
Vines	Lonicera japonica Thunb.	Japanese honeysuckle								a		a	a	a	a	a	c	a	a
Vines	Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese hop															b
Forbs/Herbs	Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese knotweed				c						b	b		a	a	c	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.	Japanese privet											a		b			a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Carex kobomugi Ohwi	Japanese sedge															c
Shrub or Subshrub	Spiraea japonica L. f.	Japanese spiraea													a	b	b	b
Vines	Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC.	Japanese wisteria											a		b		c	b	a
Hardwood Trees	Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels	Java plum												a
Hardwood Trees	Bischofia javanica Blume	Javanese bishopwood												a
Vines	Jasminum fluminense Vell.	jazmin de trapo												a
Grass or Grasslike	Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.	johnsongrass		a						a		b	c		a	a	c	a
Cactus	Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley	jointed prickly pear	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Poa pratensis L.	Kentucky bluegrass														b
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth	kiawe	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.	kikuyugrass	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino	Korean lespedeza													c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino	Korean lespedeza													c	b
Vines	Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida	kudzu			a				a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum pedicellatum ssp. unispiculum Brunken	Kyasuma grass	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius	kyasumagrass	a				a		a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Pteris vittata L.	ladder brake												b
Forbs/Herbs	Polygonum persicaria L.	ladysthumb													c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Chenopodium album L	lambsquarters														c
Shrub or Subshrub	Lantana camara L.	largeleaf lantana												a					b
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis torquata (Cavan. ex Lagasca y Segura) DC.	lata	a
Forbs/Herbs	Euphorbia esula L.	leafy spurge															c
Shrub or Subshrub	Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carr.	leatherleaf mahonia											b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume	limnophila	a				a	a						b
Grass or Grasslike	Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubbard	limpograss												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.	linden viburnum															c
Grass or Grasslike	Urochloa panicoides Beauvois	liverseedgrass	a				a	a	a
Aquatic	Salvinia biloba Raddi	lobed salvinia	a				a	a				b
Grass or Grasslike	Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr.	longstamen rice	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl.	Macartney rose									a								a
Forbs/Herbs	Senecio madagascariensis Poir.	Madagascar ragwort	a
Vines	Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Dcne.	Madagascar rubbervine												b
Hardwood Trees	Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston	Malabar plum												b
Forbs/Herbs	Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz.	marsh dayflower											a		b		c
Forbs/Herbs	Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.	Mascarene Island leaf-flower				c							c
Grass or Grasslike	Lolium pratense (Huds.) S.J. Darbyshire	meadow fescue													b
Aquatic	Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardth	Mediterranean clone of caulerpa	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Salsola vermiculata L.	Mediterranean saltwort	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake	melaleuca	a				a	a	a					a					a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis castellanosii Burkart	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis rojasiana Burkart	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis fiebrigii Harms	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis burkartii Muñoz	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis spp. L.	mesquite					a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Chenopodium ambrosioides L.	mexicantea														c
Vines	Mikania micrantha Kunth	mile-a-minute	a				a	a	a
Vines	Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross	mile-a-minute weed				a	c	a									c	b
Hardwood Trees	Albizia julibrissin Durazz.	mimosa										a	b	a	a	b	b	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim.	miniature beefsteakplant														b
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus prolifer Lam	miniature flatsedge												b
Forbs/Herbs	Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders.	miramar weed	a				a	a	a					a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum polystachion (Linnaeus) Schultes	mission grass	a				a	a	a					a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum polystachion ssp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken	mission grass	a
Grass or Grasslike	Melinis minutiflora Beauv.	molassesgrass												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Rubus moluccanus L.	Molucca raspberry	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Lysimachia nummularia L.	moneywort													b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl.	monk orchid												b
Forbs/Herbs	Liriope muscari (Dcne.) Bailey	monkeygrass											c
Forbs/Herbs	Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) K. Presl ex Kunth	monochoria	a				a	a
Vines	Ipomoea spp. L.	morningglory		a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera morrowii Gray	Morrow's honeysuckle													a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Leonurus cardiaca L.	motherwort														c
Shrub or Subshrub	Bauhinia variegata L	mountain ebony												a
Forbs/Herbs	Artemisia vulgaris L.	mugwort													b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai	mulberryweed				c									c
Shrub or Subshrub	Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr.	multiflora rose				c					a	b	a		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Carduus nutans L.	musk thistle						b				b	b		b	a	b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl	narrow swordfern												a					b
Grass or Grasslike	Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka	natalgrass												b
Grass or Grasslike	Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus	Nepalese browntop				c						a	a		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Lapsana communis L.	nipplewort															c
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche cernua Loefl. [excluded]	nodding broomrape	a
Forbs/Herbs	Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P	northern jointvetch		a					a
Hardwood Trees	Acer platanoides L.	Norway maple															b
Hardwood Trees	Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) H.A.T. Harms	octopus tree												a					b
Vines	Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br.	old world climbing fern				a			a					a				a	b
Forbs/Herbs	Allium spp. L.	onions		c
Forbs/Herbs	Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus	onionweed	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Dactylis glomerata L.	orchardgrass															c
Shrub or Subshrub	Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt	Oregon grape											b
Vines	Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.	oriental bittersweet						c					c		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Polygonum caespitosum Blume	oriental ladysthumb													b	b	b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.	oxeye daisy													c
Aquatic	Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss	oxygen weed	a				a	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis palmeri S. Watson	palo de hierro	a
Hardwood Trees	Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.	paper-mulberry												b	c
Grass or Grasslike	Urochloa mutica (Forsk.) T.Q. Nguyen	paragrass												a
Aquatic	Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.	parrotfeather				c					a	b			b		c
Forbs/Herbs	Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.)	peppermint														b
Forbs/Herbs	Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton	perilla mint															c
Forbs/Herbs	Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend.	piedmont bedstraw														a
Grass or Grasslike	Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin.	pilipiliula	a				a	a	a
Aquatic	Azolla pinnata R. Brown	pinnate mosquitofern	a				a	a
Vines	Ipomoea lacunosa L.	pitted morningglory														c
Grass or Grasslike	Lolium temulentum L.	poison ryegrass		a			a
Forbs/Herbs	Conium maculatum L.	poison-hemlock													b	c	c
Hardwood Trees	Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa	portia tree												a
Hardwood Trees	Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud.	princesstree										b	b		a	b	b		a
Hardwood Trees	Ptychosperma elegans (R. Br.) Blume	ptychosperma												b
Vines	Tribulus terrestris L.	puncturevine						b							c
Forbs/Herbs	Lythrum salicaria L.	purple loosestrife		a		b	a	b		a			c		a	a	c	a
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus rotundus L.	purple nutsedge		a
Forbs/Herbs	Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth	purple witchweed	a
Grass or Grasslike	Elymus repens (L.) Gould	quackgrass															c
Forbs/Herbs	Daucus carota L.	Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot										b	c		b	b
Palms	Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc.	queen palm
Forbs/Herbs	Crotalaria spp. L.	rattlebox		a
Hardwood Trees	Adenanthera pavonina L	red beadtree												b
Vines	Ipomoea coccinea L.	red morningglory															c
Grass or Grasslike	Oryza punctata Kotzchy ex Steud.	red rice	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth.	red sesbania										b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Rumex acetosella L.	red sorrel														c	b
Vines	Passiflora foetida L.	redfruit passionflower												b
Grass or Grasslike	Agrostis gigantea Roth	redtop															c
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus catharticus Vahl	rescuegrass													c
Crops	Oryza sativa L.	rice		a			a
Grass or Grasslike	Paspalum scrobiculatum Linnaeus	ricegrass paspalum	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq.	river sheoak												b					b
Vines	Abrus precatorius L.	rosarypea												a					b
Hardwood Trees	Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk.	rose myrtle							a					a				a	b
Grass or Grasslike	Poa trivialis L.	roughstalk bluegrass															b
Forbs/Herbs	Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.	Russian knapweed					a
Shrub or Subshrub	Elaeagnus angustifolia L.	Russian-olive											a		c		c	b	a
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus secalinus L.	rye brome		a											b
Shrub or Subshrub	Nandina domestica Thunb.	sacred bamboo										b	b	a	b			b	a
Hardwood Trees	Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen	sapodilla												a
Grass or Grasslike	Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury	saramollagrass	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Quercus acutissima Carruthers	sawtooth oak															b
Shrub or Subshrub	Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link	Scotch broom											c
Shrub or Subshrub	Hibiscus tiliaceus L.	sea hibiscus												b
Hardwood Trees	Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret	Seifriz's chamaedorea
Hardwood Trees	Phoenix reclinata Jacq.	Senegal date palm												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don	sericea lespedeza										b	c		a	a	c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Nassella trichotoma Hackel ex Arech.	serrated tussock	a	a			a	a	a
Aquatic	Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.	sessile joyweed	a				a	a	a					a
Vines	Paederia cruddasiana Prain	sewer vine							a					a					b
Hardwood Trees	Ardisia elliptica Thunb	shoebutton ardisia												a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.	shrubby lespedeza										b	b		b	b	c		a
Hardwood Trees	Ulmus pumila L.	Siberian elm															c
Forbs/Herbs	Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby	sicklepod															c
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanaugh	silverleaf nightshade		a
Shrub or Subshrub	Flueggea acidoton (L.) G.L. Webster	simpleleaf bushweed												b
Forbs/Herbs	Sparganium erectum ssp. stoloniferum (Graebn.) H. Hara	simplestem bur-reed	a
Forbs/Herbs	Agave sisalana Perrine	sisal												b
Vines	Paederia foetida L.	skunk-vine				b			a					a				a
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche minor Smith	small broomrape	a				a	a				b		a
Grass or Grasslike	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino	small carpgrass													b	b	b	b
Grass or Grasslike	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino	small carpgrass													b	b	b	b
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus inermis Leyss.	smooth brome													c	b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Senecio inaequidens DC.	South African ragwort	a
Vines	Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle	Spanish arborvine												b
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthium spinosum L.	spiny cocklebur													c
Forbs/Herbs	Emex spinosa (Linnaeus) Campdera	spiny emex	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Carduus acanthoides L.	spiny plumeless thistle						b
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek	spotted knapweed													b	b	c
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek	spotted knapweed													b	b	c
Shrub or Subshrub	Asparagus aethiopicus L.	Sprenger's asparagus fern												a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera standishii Jacques	Standish's honeysuckle															c
Forbs/Herbs	Ornithogalum umbellatum L.	star-of-Bethlehem				c			a						c	b
Grass or Grasslike	Avena sterilis Linnaeus	sterile oat	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Urtica dioica L.	stinging nettle													c
Grass or Grasslike	Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen	stinkgrass														c
Shrub or Subshrub	Psidium cattleianum Sabine	strawberry guava												a					b
Forbs/Herbs	Potentilla recta L.	sulfur cinquefoil														c
Shrub or Subshrub	Eugenia uniflora L.	Surinam cherry												a					b
Vines	Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.	swamp morningglory	a				a	a						a
Forbs/Herbs	Crassula helmsii A. Berger	swamp stonecrop						a
Vines	Clematis terniflora DC	sweet autumn virginsbower											c		b
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton	sweet breath of spring											c		a		c	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis farcta (Banks & Soland.) J.F. Macbr.	Syrian mesquite	a
Grass or Grasslike	Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub	tall fescue							a			b	b		b	c	b	a	a
Vines	Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth	tall morningglory														b	b
Grass or Grasslike	Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl	tall oatgrass															c
Forbs/Herbs	Verbena bonariensis L.	tall vervain										b
Shrub or Subshrub	Tamarix spp. L.	tamarisk
Hardwood Trees	Citrus reticulata Blanco	tangerine					a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera tatarica L.	Tatarian honeysuckle													a	a	b	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.	tawny daylily														c
Forbs/Herbs	Helianthus ciliaris DC.	Texas blueweed		a			a
Shrub or Subshrub	Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.	thorny olive											a	b	a		c	b	a
Forbs/Herbs	Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey.	thoroughwort pennycress														a
Forbs/Herbs	Emex australis Steinhall	three-cornered jack	a				a	a	a
Vines	Ipomoea triloba L.	threelobe morningglory					a		a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai	Thunberg lespedeza														c
Forbs/Herbs	Arenaria serpyllifolia L.	thymeleaf sandwort														c
Crops	Phleum pratense L.	timothy						a								c	c
Shrub or Subshrub	Prosopis reptans var. cinerascens (A. Gray) Burkart	tornillo	a
Grass or Grasslike	Panicum repens L.	torpedograss				c						b		a				a
Hardwood Trees	Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle	tree-of-heaven					b								a	a	c	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.	trifoliate orange											c
Shrub or Subshrub	Terminalia catappa L.	troipical almond												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Solanum viarum Dunal	tropical soda apple	a		a		a	a	a	a	a	b	b	a	a			a	a
Hardwood Trees	Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol.	trumpet-tree												b
Hardwood Trees	Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw	tungoil tree												a
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum torvum Sw.	turkeyberry	a				a	a	a					a
Vines	Passiflora biflora Lam.	twoflower passionflower												b
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum diphyllum L.	twoleaf nightshade												b
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus involucratus Rottb	umbrella plant												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ludwigia uruguayensis Camb.) Hara	Uruguay waterprimrose					a	b
Vines	Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Irwin & Barneby	valamuerto												a
Grass or Grasslike	Digitaria velutina (Forsk.) Beauv.	velvet fingergrass	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis velutina Woot.	velvet mesquite	a
Grass or Grasslike	Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small	vetivergrass																b
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis ruscifolia Griesbach	vinal	a
Forbs/Herbs	Ludwigia grandiflora hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Nesom & Kartesz	water primrose					c
Aquatic	Trapa natans L.	water-chestnut				c	a	a									c
Aquatic	Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms	waterhyacinth		a		c	a			a		b		a				a
Aquatic	Pistia stratiotes L.	waterlettuce				c	a							a				b
Aquatic	Salvinia spp. Séguier	watermoss
Grass or Grasslike	Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees	weeping lovegrass											c				c	b
Grass or Grasslike	Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees	weeping lovegrass											c				c	b
Grass or Grasslike	Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees	West Indian marsh grass												a
Forbs/Herbs	Tragopogon dubius Scop.	western salsify													c
Vines	Solanum tampicense Dunal	wetland nightshade	a				a	a	a					a
Hardwood Trees	Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit	white leadtree												b
Hardwood Trees	Morus alba L.	white mulberry														b	c
Hardwood Trees	Populus alba L.	white poplar													b	b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.	white-flowered spiderwort												a
Forbs/Herbs	Allium vineale L.	wild garlic													c		b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Pastinaca sativa L.	wild parsnip													c		c
Forbs/Herbs	Euphorbia heterophylla L	wild poinsettia					a		a
Forbs/Herbs	Raphanus raphanistrum L.	wild radish															b
Forbs/Herbs	Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieberstein	wild safflower	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Saccharum spontaneum L.	wild sugarcane	a				a	a	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Lactuca saligna L.	willowleaf lettuce														c
Shrub or Subshrub	Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.	wine raspberry													c		c
Shrub or Subshrub	Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb.	winged burning bush											c		b	a	c		a
Vines	Dioscorea alata L.	winged yam							a					a				a	a
Vines	Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz.	winter creeper										b	c		a	a	b	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze	witchweed	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Striga spp. Lour.	witchweed	a	a			a	a
Hardwood Trees	Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth	woman's tongue tree												a
Forbs/Herbs	Aeginetia indica L.	ye gu	a
Forbs/Herbs	Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess.	yellow fieldcress						b
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes	yellow foxtail													b
Forbs/Herbs	Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.	yellow rocket														c
Forbs/Herbs	Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.	yellow sweetclover													b	a	c
Forbs/Herbs	Oxalis stricta L.	yellow woodsorrel														c
Forbs/Herbs	Iris pseudacorus L.	yellowflag iris													c		b
Forbs/Herbs	Alectra fluminensis (Vell.) Stearn	yerba de hierro	a


					Invasive.org is a joint project of The Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ. The University of Georgia - Warnell School of Forest Resources and College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Dept. of Entomology Last updated on Saturday, March 07, 2009 at 04:40 PM Questions and/or comments to the