Invasive Plants of the Thirteen Southern States

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James H. Miller
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Erwin B. Chambliss
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Charles T. Bargeron
The Bugwood Network
The University of Georgia
Tifton Georgia

This is a compilation of invasive plants listed by any of the 13 Southern States and those by federal agencies pertaining to these States as of May 2004. Plants listed include those from the Federal Noxious Weed List as of September 2000, State laws (denoted as Laws), and State exotic pest plant councils (denoted as Lists). Currently, there are 7 States with noxious weed laws and 8 States with invasive plant lists. No lists were available for the states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The USDA Forest Service Southern Region's "Regional forester's list and ranking structure: invasive exotic plant species of management concern (2001)" has been included as a "policy" that guides invasive management on National Forest lands. Also, included is the list of invasive plants being monitored by the USDA Forest Service and States Forestry Agencies as part of the Forest Inventory and Analysis.

Please note: You may click on each of the headers below to resort the list. The scientific names are also hyperlinked to images and information about the plant.

Federal Noxious Weed List: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Arkansas: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Mississippi: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Alabama: LAW
a=Class A - Federally listed
b=Class B - Nonnative, in state serious threat
c=Class C - poses harm to industries

South Carolina: LAW
a=General list not categorized

North Carolina: LAW
a=Class A noxious weeds
b=Class B noxious weeds

Florida: LAW
a=General list not categorized

Mississippi: LIST
a=General list not categorized

Alabama: LIST
a=Worst ten

Georgia: LIST
a=Top ten listed
b=Other important

Tennessee: LIST
a=Rank 1 Severe threat
b=Rank 2 Significant threat
c=Rank 3 Lesser threat
Watch Lists A&B not included

Kentucky: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Lesser threat

South Carolina: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Watch

Virginia: LIST
a=High Invasiveness
b=Medium Invasiveness
c=Low invasiveness

Florida: LIST
a=Category I altering plant community
b=Category II increased frequency but not altering plant community

USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis and State Monitoring for Invasive Plants:
a=Monitored in 13 SE states
b=Monitored in Florida only

National Forest Service: POLICY
a=Category 1 species known to be invasive and persistent
b=Category 2 species suspected to be invasive

Growth Form	Scientific Name	Common Name	US law	AR law	MS law	AL law	SC law	NC law	FL law	MS list	AL list	GA list	SC list	FL list	TN list	KY list	VA list	USFS policy	USFS & State Monitoring
Vines	Abrus precatorius L.	rosarypea												a					b
Shrub or Subshrub	Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth.	earleaf acacia												a
Hardwood Trees	Acer platanoides L.	Norway maple															b
Forbs/Herbs	Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.	Russian knapweed					a
Hardwood Trees	Adenanthera pavonina L	red beadtree												b
Forbs/Herbs	Aeginetia indica L.	ye gu	a
Forbs/Herbs	Aeginetia spp. L.	aeginetia	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P	northern jointvetch		a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Agave sisalana Perrine	sisal												b
Forbs/Herbs	Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H.E. Robins.	croftonweed	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Agrostemma githago L	corn cockle		a			a
Grass or Grasslike	Agrostis capillaris L.	colonial bentgrass															b
Grass or Grasslike	Agrostis gigantea Roth	redtop															c
Hardwood Trees	Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle	tree-of-heaven					b								a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Ajuga reptans L.	carpet bugle															c
Vines	Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne.	chocolate vine														b	b
Hardwood Trees	Albizia julibrissin Durazz.	mimosa										a	b	a	a	b	b	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth	woman's tongue tree												a
Forbs/Herbs	Alectra fluminensis (Vell.) Stearn	yerba de hierro	a
Forbs/Herbs	Alectra spp. Thunb.	alectra	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Alhagi maurorum Medik	camelthorn
Shrub or Subshrub	Alhagi maurorum Medik	camelthorn
Forbs/Herbs	Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande	garlic mustard				a							c		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Allium spp. L.	onions		c
Forbs/Herbs	Allium vineale L.	wild garlic													c		b	b
Hardwood Trees	Alstonia macrophylla Wallich ex G. Don	deviltree												b
Aquatic	Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.	alligatorweed		a		c	a			a	a	b		b	b		c	b
Aquatic	Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.	sessile joyweed	a				a	a	a					a
Vines	Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv.	Amur peppervine															c	b
Vines	Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.	coral vine												b
Forbs/Herbs	Arctium minus Bernh.	common burdock														b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ardisia crenata Sims	coral ardisia												a				b	b
Hardwood Trees	Ardisia elliptica Thunb	shoebutton ardisia												a
Palms	Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc.	queen palm
Forbs/Herbs	Arenaria serpyllifolia L.	thymeleaf sandwort														c
Vines	Aristolochia elegans Mast.	elegant dutchman's pipe												b
Grass or Grasslike	Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl	tall oatgrass															c
Forbs/Herbs	Artemisia vulgaris L.	mugwort													b		b
Grass or Grasslike	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino	small carpgrass													b	b	b	b
Grass or Grasslike	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino	small carpgrass													b	b	b	b
Grass or Grasslike	Arundo donax L.	giant reed										b	b		c		b
Shrub or Subshrub	Asparagus aethiopicus L.	Sprenger's asparagus fern												a
Forbs/Herbs	Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus	onionweed	a				a	a	a
Vines	Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders	Chinese violet												b
Grass or Grasslike	Avena sterilis Linnaeus	sterile oat	a				a	a	a
Aquatic	Azolla pinnata R. Brown	pinnate mosquitofern	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.	yellow rocket														c
Shrub or Subshrub	Bauhinia variegata L	mountain ebony												a
Vines	Begonia cucullata Willd	clubed begonia												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Berberis thunbergii DC.	Japanese barberry													b	b	b	a
Hardwood Trees	Bischofia javanica Blume	Javanese bishopwood												a
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus arvensis L.	field brome													b
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus catharticus Vahl	rescuegrass													c
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus inermis Leyss.	smooth brome													c	b		b
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus racemosus L.	bald brome		a											b
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus secalinus L.	rye brome		a											b
Grass or Grasslike	Bromus tectorum L.	cheatgrass													b
Hardwood Trees	Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.	paper-mulberry												b	c
Forbs/Herbs	Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston	corn gromwell													c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woods	basketplant												b
Hardwood Trees	Calophyllum antillanum Britt	Antilles calophyllum												a
Vines	Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium (L.) R. Br.	hedge false bindweed		a
Vines	Cardiospermum halicacabum L.	balloonvine		a		c	a								c		b
Forbs/Herbs	Carduus acanthoides L.	spiny plumeless thistle						b
Forbs/Herbs	Carduus nutans L.	musk thistle						b				b	b		b	a	b	b
Grass or Grasslike	Carex kobomugi Ohwi	Japanese sedge															c
Forbs/Herbs	Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieberstein	wild safflower	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq.	river sheoak												b					b
Hardwood Trees	Casuarina equisetifolia L.	Australian-pine												a					b
Hardwood Trees	Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng	gray sheoak												a					b
Aquatic	Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardth	Mediterranean clone of caulerpa	a				a	a
Hardwood Trees	Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol.	trumpet-tree												b
Vines	Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.	oriental bittersweet						c					c		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea cyanus L.	cornflower													c
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea jacea L.	brown knapweed															b
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek	spotted knapweed													b	b	c
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek	spotted knapweed													b	b	c
Forbs/Herbs	Centaurea transalpina Schleich. ex DC.	alpine knapweed															c
Hardwood Trees	Cestrum diurnum L.	day jessamine												b
Hardwood Trees	Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret	Seifriz's chamaedorea
Forbs/Herbs	Chenopodium album L	lambsquarters														c
Forbs/Herbs	Chenopodium ambrosioides L.	mexicantea														c
Grass or Grasslike	Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin.	pilipiliula	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Cichorium intybus L.	chicory													a	a
Hardwood Trees	Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl	camphortree												a				a
Forbs/Herbs	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.	Canada thistle						b							b	b	c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.	bull thistle											b		b		b	b
Hardwood Trees	Citrus reticulata Blanco	tangerine					a
Vines	Clematis terniflora DC	sweet autumn virginsbower											c		b
Forbs/Herbs	Cnicus benedictus L.	blessed thistle					a
Forbs/Herbs	Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott	coco yam, wild taro											c	a
Hardwood Trees	Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn.	Asian nakedwood												a
Forbs/Herbs	Commelina benghalensis L.	Benghal dayflower	a		c		a	a	a			b	c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Commelina benghalensis L.	Benghal dayflower	a		c		a	a	a			b	c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Commelina communis L.	Asiatic dayflower														c	c
Forbs/Herbs	Conium maculatum L.	poison-hemlock													b	c	c
Vines	Convolvulus arvensis L.	field bindweed		a												c	b
Hardwood Trees	Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.	fragrant manjack												b
Forbs/Herbs	Crassula helmsii A. Berger	swamp stonecrop						a
Forbs/Herbs	Crotalaria spp. L.	rattlebox		a
Forbs/Herbs	Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend.	piedmont bedstraw														a
Forbs/Herbs	Crupina vulgaris Cass.	common crupina	a				a	a	a
Vines	Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Dcne.	Madagascar rubbervine												b
Hardwood Trees	Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk.	carrotwood							a					a					b
Vines	Cuscuta japonica Choisy	Japanese dodder	a										c
Vines	Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydb	bigfruit dodder	a
Vines	Cuscuta potosina Schaffn	globe dodder	a
Vines	Cuscuta potosina var. globifera Yunck.	globe dodder	a
Vines	Cuscuta spp. L.	dodder	a	a			a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers	bermudagrass		a								b
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus entrerianus Boeckl.	deeprooted sedge											c
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus involucratus Rottb	umbrella plant												b
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus prolifer Lam	miniature flatsedge												b
Grass or Grasslike	Cyperus rotundus L.	purple nutsedge		a
Shrub or Subshrub	Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link	Scotch broom											c
Grass or Grasslike	Dactylis glomerata L.	orchardgrass															c
Hardwood Trees	Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC.	Indian rosewood												b
Forbs/Herbs	Daucus carota L.	Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot										b	c		b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Dianthus armeria L.	Deptford pink														c
Grass or Grasslike	Digitaria abyssinica (A. Rich) Stapf	African couchgrass	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Digitaria velutina (Forsk.) Beauv.	velvet fingergrass	a				a	a	a
Vines	Dioscorea alata L.	winged yam							a					a				a	a
Vines	Dioscorea bulbifera L.	air-potato				a			a					a				a	a
Vines	Dioscorea oppositifolia L.	Chinese yam											c		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus fullonum L.	common teasel													b
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus fullonum L.	common teasel													b
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus fullonum sylvestris (Huds.) Clapham	Fuller's teasel														b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Dipsacus laciniatus L.	cutleaf teasel													b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Drymaria arenarioides Humboldt & Bonpland	alfombrilla	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke	Indian mock-strawberry														c
Grass or Grasslike	Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv	barnyardgrass		a												c
Aquatic	Egeria densa Planch.	Brazilian egeria				c	a								c		b	b
Aquatic	Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth	anchored waterhyacinth	a	a			a	a
Aquatic	Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms	waterhyacinth		a		c	a			a		b		a				a
Shrub or Subshrub	Elaeagnus angustifolia L.	Russian-olive											a		c		c	b	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.	thorny olive											a	b	a		c	b	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.	autumn-olive										a	a		a	a	c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.	goosegrass														b
Grass or Grasslike	Elymus repens (L.) Gould	quackgrass															c
Forbs/Herbs	Emex australis Steinhall	three-cornered jack	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Emex spinosa (Linnaeus) Campdera	spiny emex	a				a	a	a
Vines	Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl	centipede tongavine												b
Grass or Grasslike	Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen	stinkgrass														c
Grass or Grasslike	Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees	weeping lovegrass											c				c	b
Grass or Grasslike	Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees	weeping lovegrass											c				c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Eschscholzia californica Cham	California poppy													a
Shrub or Subshrub	Eugenia uniflora L.	Surinam cherry												a					b
Shrub or Subshrub	Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb.	winged burning bush											c		b	a	c		a
Vines	Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz.	winter creeper										b	c		a	a	b	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Euphorbia esula L.	leafy spurge															c
Forbs/Herbs	Euphorbia heterophylla L	wild poinsettia					a		a
Forbs/Herbs	Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai	mulberryweed				c									c
Hardwood Trees	Ficus altissima Blume	council tree												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ficus microcarpa Vahl.													a
Shrub or Subshrub	Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight	Chinese parasoltree											c
Shrub or Subshrub	Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr	governor's plum												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Flueggea acidoton (L.) G.L. Webster	simpleleaf bushweed												b
Forbs/Herbs	Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.	fennel															b
Forbs/Herbs	Galega officinalis L.	goatsrue	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Glechoma hederacea L.	ground ivy													c	b	b
Vines	Hedera helix L.	English ivy										b	b		a	b	b	b	a
Forbs/Herbs	Helianthus ciliaris DC.	Texas blueweed		a			a
Grass or Grasslike	Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubbard	limpograss												b
Forbs/Herbs	Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.	tawny daylily														c
Forbs/Herbs	Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier	giant hogweed	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Hesperis matronalis L.	damesrocket													b
Shrub or Subshrub	Hibiscus tiliaceus L.	sea hibiscus												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz	hiptage												b
Grass or Grasslike	Holcus lanatus L.	common velvetgrass														c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Homeria spp. Vent.	cape tulip	a					a
Vines	Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese hop															b
Aquatic	Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle	hydrilla	a		a		a	a			a	a		a	b		c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders.	miramar weed	a				a	a	a					a
Grass or Grasslike	Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees	West Indian marsh grass												a
Forbs/Herbs	Hypericum perforatum L.	common St. Johnswort														c
Grass or Grasslike	Imperata brasiliensis Trinius	Brazilian satintail	a		c		a	a	a					a
Grass or Grasslike	Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.	cogongrass	a	a	a		a	a	a	a	a	b	c	a			c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Indigofera hirsuta L.	hairy indigo																	b
Vines	Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.	swamp morningglory	a				a	a						a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D. Austin	gloria de la manana												b
Vines	Ipomoea coccinea L.	red morningglory															c
Vines	Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.	ivyleaf morningglory														b	b
Vines	Ipomoea lacunosa L.	pitted morningglory														c
Vines	Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth	tall morningglory														b	b
Vines	Ipomoea spp. L.	morningglory		a
Vines	Ipomoea triloba L.	threelobe morningglory					a		a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Iris pseudacorus L.	yellowflag iris													c		b
Grass or Grasslike	Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury	saramollagrass	a				a	a	a
Vines	Jasminum dichotomum Vahl	Gold Coast jasmine												a
Vines	Jasminum fluminense Vell.	jazmin de trapo												a
Vines	Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.	Arabian jasmine												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.	cathedral bells												b
Hardwood Trees	Koelreuteria elegans ssp. formosana (Hayata) F.G. Mey.	flamegold												b
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino	Korean lespedeza													c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino	Korean lespedeza													c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.	common lespedeza													c	b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.	common lespedeza													c	b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Lactuca saligna L.	willowleaf lettuce														c
Aquatic	Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss	oxygen weed	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Lamium amplexicaule L.	henbit														c
Shrub or Subshrub	Lantana camara L.	largeleaf lantana												a					b
Forbs/Herbs	Lapsana communis L.	nipplewort															c
Forbs/Herbs	Leonurus cardiaca L.	motherwort														c
Grass or Grasslike	Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees	Chinese sprangletop	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.	shrubby lespedeza										b	b		b	b	c		a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don	sericea lespedeza										b	c		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai	Thunberg lespedeza														c
Hardwood Trees	Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit	white leadtree												b
Forbs/Herbs	Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.	oxeye daisy													c
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.	Japanese privet											a		b			a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton	glossy privet												a				a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc.	border privet															b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum sinense Lour.	Chinese privet								a	a	a	a	a	a	a	c	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Ligustrum vulgare L.	European privet													a	a		a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume	limnophila	a				a	a						b
Forbs/Herbs	Liriope muscari (Dcne.) Bailey	monkeygrass											c
Hardwood Trees	Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mart.	fountain palm												b
Grass or Grasslike	Lolium pratense (Huds.) S.J. Darbyshire	meadow fescue													b
Grass or Grasslike	Lolium temulentum L.	poison ryegrass		a			a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton	sweet breath of spring											c		a		c	a	a
Vines	Lonicera japonica Thunb.	Japanese honeysuckle								a		a	a	a	a	a	c	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder	Amur honeysuckle													a	a	b	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera morrowii Gray	Morrow's honeysuckle													a	a	c	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera standishii Jacques	Standish's honeysuckle															c
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera tatarica L.	Tatarian honeysuckle													a	a	b	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Lonicera x bella Zabel [morrowii × tatarica]	Bell's honeysuckle													a		c
Forbs/Herbs	Lotus corniculatus L.	birdsfoot trefoil															c
Forbs/Herbs	Ludwigia grandiflora hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Nesom & Kartesz	water primrose					c
Shrub or Subshrub	Ludwigia uruguayensis Camb.) Hara	Uruguay waterprimrose					a	b
Shrub or Subshrub	Lycium ferrocissimum Miers	African boxthorn	a				a	a	a
Vines	Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw.	Japanese climbing fern				b			a		a	b	b	a				a	a
Vines	Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br.	old world climbing fern				a			a					a				a	b
Forbs/Herbs	Lysimachia nummularia L.	moneywort													b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Lythrum salicaria L.	purple loosestrife		a		b	a	b		a			c		a	a	c	a
Vines	Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry	catclaw-vine												a				b	b
Shrub or Subshrub	Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carr.	leatherleaf mahonia											b		b
Shrub or Subshrub	Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt	Oregon grape											b
Hardwood Trees	Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen	sapodilla												a
Forbs/Herbs	Medicago lupulina L.	black medic														c
Hardwood Trees	Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake	melaleuca	a				a	a	a					a					a
Shrub or Subshrub	Melastoma malabathricum L.	Banks melastoma	a				a	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Melia azedarach L.	chinaberry										b	b	a	c		b		a
Forbs/Herbs	Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.	yellow sweetclover													b	a	c
Grass or Grasslike	Melinis minutiflora Beauv.	molassesgrass												b
Grass or Grasslike	Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka	natalgrass												b
Forbs/Herbs	Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.)	peppermint														b
Vines	Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle	Spanish arborvine												b
Grass or Grasslike	Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus	Nepalese browntop				c						a	a		a	a	c	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey.	thoroughwort pennycress														a
Vines	Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Robins.	African mile-a-minute	a				a	a	a
Vines	Mikania micrantha Kunth	mile-a-minute	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle	giant sensitiveplant	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Mimosa pellita Kunth ex Willd.	catclaw mimosa	a				a	a	a					a				b
Grass or Grasslike	Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.	Chinese silvergrass										b	b		b	a	c	b	a
Forbs/Herbs	Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms	arrowleaved monochoria	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) K. Presl ex Kunth	monochoria	a				a	a
Hardwood Trees	Morus alba L.	white mulberry														b	c
Forbs/Herbs	Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim.	miniature beefsteakplant														b
Forbs/Herbs	Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz.	marsh dayflower											a		b		c
Hardwood Trees	Murraya exotica L.	Chinese box												b
Aquatic	Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.	parrotfeather				c					a	b			b		c
Aquatic	Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus	Eurasian watermilfoil				d	a	b						b	a		c	b
Aquatic	Najas minor All.	brittleleaf naiad				d	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Nandina domestica Thunb.	sacred bamboo										b	b	a	b			b	a
Grass or Grasslike	Nassella trichotoma Hackel ex Arech.	serrated tussock	a	a			a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Nepeta cataria L.	catnip														c
Forbs/Herbs	Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl	narrow swordfern												a					b
Forbs/Herbs	Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) Jarrett ex Morton	Asian swordfern												a
Grass or Grasslike	Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex A.S. Hitchc.	burmareed												a
Aquatic	Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) O. Ktze.	crested floating heart												b
Hardwood Trees	Ochrosia elliptica Labill.	elliptic yellowwood												b
Forbs/Herbs	Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl.	monk orchid												b
Cactus	Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley	jointed prickly pear	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Ornithogalum umbellatum L.	star-of-Bethlehem				c			a						c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche cernua Loefl. [excluded]	nodding broomrape	a
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche crenata Forsk.	crenate broomrape	a
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche minor Smith	small broomrape	a				a	a				b		a
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche ramosa L.	branched broomrape	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Orobanche spp. L.	broomrape	a						a
Grass or Grasslike	Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr.	longstamen rice	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Oryza punctata Kotzchy ex Steud.	red rice	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Oryza rufipogon Griffiths	brown-beard rice	a				a	a	a					a
Crops	Oryza sativa L.	rice		a			a
Aquatic	Ottelia alismoides (Linnaeus) Pers.	duck-lettuce	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Oxalis stricta L.	yellow woodsorrel														c
Vines	Paederia cruddasiana Prain	sewer vine							a					a					b
Vines	Paederia foetida L.	skunk-vine				b			a					a				a
Grass or Grasslike	Panicum repens L.	torpedograss				c						b		a				a
Grass or Grasslike	Paspalum notatum Flueggé	bahiagrass											b
Grass or Grasslike	Paspalum scrobiculatum Linnaeus	ricegrass paspalum	a				a	a	a
Vines	Passiflora biflora Lam.	twoflower passionflower												b
Vines	Passiflora foetida L.	redfruit passionflower												b
Forbs/Herbs	Pastinaca sativa L.	wild parsnip													c		c
Hardwood Trees	Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud.	princesstree										b	b		a	b	b		a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.	kikuyugrass	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum macrourum Trinius	African feathergrass	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius	kyasumagrass	a				a		a					a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum pedicellatum ssp. unispiculum Brunken	Kyasuma grass	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum polystachion (Linnaeus) Schultes	mission grass	a				a	a	a					a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum polystachion ssp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken	mission grass	a
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher	elephant grass							a					a					b
Grass or Grasslike	Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) Chiov.	crimson fountaingrass												b
Forbs/Herbs	Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton	perilla mint															c
Vines	Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross	mile-a-minute weed				a	c	a									c	b
Crops	Phleum pratense L.	timothy						a								c	c
Hardwood Trees	Phoenix reclinata Jacq.	Senegal date palm												b
Grass or Grasslike	Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.	common reed				c	a					b	a		a	a	c
Grass or Grasslike	Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.	common reed				c	a					b	a		a	a	c
Forbs/Herbs	Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.	Mascarene Island leaf-flower				c							c
Forbs/Herbs	Phyllanthus urinaria L.	chamber bitter				c							c
Grass or Grasslike	Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A.& C. Rivière	golden bamboo										a	b	b			b		a
Conifer Trees	Pinus thunbergiana Franco																c
Aquatic	Pistia stratiotes L.	waterlettuce				c	a							a				b
Forbs/Herbs	Plantago aristata Michx.	bracted plantain		a
Forbs/Herbs	Plantago lanceolata L.	buckhorn plantain		a
Grass or Grasslike	Poa annua L.	annual bluegrass														c
Grass or Grasslike	Poa compressa L.	Canada bluegrass														c	b
Grass or Grasslike	Poa pratensis L.	Kentucky bluegrass														b
Grass or Grasslike	Poa trivialis L.	roughstalk bluegrass															b
Shrub or Subshrub	Polygonum aubertii Henry	Chinese fleecevine											c
Forbs/Herbs	Polygonum caespitosum Blume	oriental ladysthumb													b	b	b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese knotweed				c						b	b		a	a	c	a
Forbs/Herbs	Polygonum persicaria L.	ladysthumb													c	b
Hardwood Trees	Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.	trifoliate orange											c
Hardwood Trees	Populus alba L.	white poplar													b	b	b
Aquatic	Potamogeton crispus L.	curlyleaf pondweed				c									b
Forbs/Herbs	Potentilla recta L.	sulfur cinquefoil														c
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis alpataco R. A. Philippi	alapataco	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis argentina Burkart	algarobilla	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis burkartii Muñoz	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis caldenia Burkart	calden	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis calingastana Burkart	cusqui	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis campestris Griesbach	algarrobillo	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis castellanosii Burkart	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis denudans Bentham	algarrobo patagonica	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart	algarrobillo	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis farcta (Banks & Soland.) J.F. Macbr.	Syrian mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis ferox Griesbach	churqui	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis fiebrigii Harms	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis hassleri Harms ex Hassler	algarrobo paraguayo	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott	algarrobilla	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis kuntzei Harms ex Hassler	barbe de tigre	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth	kiawe	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis palmeri S. Watson	palo de hierro	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Prosopis reptans var. cinerascens (A. Gray) Burkart	tornillo	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis rojasiana Burkart	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart	mesquite	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis ruscifolia Griesbach	vinal	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis sericantha Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.	albardon	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis spp. L.	mesquite					a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Prosopis strombulifera (Lamarck) Bentham	Argentine screwbean	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis torquata (Cavan. ex Lagasca y Segura) DC.	lata	a
Hardwood Trees	Prosopis velutina Woot.	velvet mesquite	a
Forbs/Herbs	Prunella vulgaris L.	healall														a
Shrub or Subshrub	Psidium cattleianum Sabine	strawberry guava												a					b
Shrub or Subshrub	Psidium guajava L.	guava												a					b
Forbs/Herbs	Pteris vittata L.	ladder brake												b
Hardwood Trees	Ptychosperma elegans (R. Br.) Blume	ptychosperma												b
Vines	Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida	kudzu			a				a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	c	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Pyrus calleryana Dcne.	Callery pear (Bradford pear)											c
Hardwood Trees	Quercus acutissima Carruthers	sawtooth oak															b
Forbs/Herbs	Ranunculus bulbosus L.	bulbous buttercup														c
Forbs/Herbs	Ranunculus ficaria L.	fig buttercup															c
Forbs/Herbs	Raphanus raphanistrum L.	wild radish															b
Hardwood Trees	Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk.	rose myrtle							a					a				a	b
Shrub or Subshrub	Ricinus communis L.	castorbean												b
Aquatic	Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek														b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess.	yellow fieldcress						b
Shrub or Subshrub	Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl.	Macartney rose									a								a
Shrub or Subshrub	Rosa laevigata Michx.	Cherokee rose									a								a
Shrub or Subshrub	Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr.	multiflora rose				c					a	b	a		a	a	c	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton	itchgrass	a	a	a		a	a	a			b
Shrub or Subshrub	Rubus fruticosus L.	European blackberry	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Rubus moluccanus L.	Molucca raspberry	a				a	a	a
Shrub or Subshrub	Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.	wine raspberry													c		c
Shrub or Subshrub	Ruellia caerulea Leonard	Britton's wild petunia												a
Forbs/Herbs	Rumex acetosella L.	red sorrel														c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Rumex crispus L.	curly dock															b
Forbs/Herbs	Rumex spp. L.	dock		a
Grass or Grasslike	Saccharum spontaneum L.	wild sugarcane	a				a	a	a					a
Aquatic	Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus	arrowhead	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Salsola vermiculata L.	Mediterranean saltwort	a				a	a	a
Aquatic	Salvinia auriculata Aublet	eared salvinia	a				a	a				b
Aquatic	Salvinia biloba Raddi	lobed salvinia	a				a	a				b
Aquatic	Salvinia herzogii de la Sota	Herzog salvinia	a				a	a				b
Aquatic	Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell	giant salvinia	a		a		a	a				b		a				a
Aquatic	Salvinia spp. Séguier	watermoss
Forbs/Herbs	Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce	iguanatail												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Scaevola taccada Vahl	beach naupaka												a
Grass or Grasslike	Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub	tall fescue							a			b	b		b	c	b	a	a
Hardwood Trees	Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) H.A.T. Harms	octopus tree												a					b
Hardwood Trees	Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi	Brazilian peppertree							a					a					b
Vines	Securigera varia (L.) Lassen	crownvetch													b	a	c	b
Forbs/Herbs	Senecio inaequidens DC.	South African ragwort	a
Forbs/Herbs	Senecio madagascariensis Poir.	Madagascar ragwort	a
Forbs/Herbs	Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby	sicklepod															c
Vines	Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Irwin & Barneby	valamuerto												a
Forbs/Herbs	Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh	bigpod sesbania		a
Shrub or Subshrub	Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth.	red sesbania										b		b
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria faberi Herrm.	giant foxtail		a											b	b	b
Crops	Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.	foxtail millet													b
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes	yellow foxtail													b
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria pumila ssp. pallidefusca (Schumacher) B.K. Simon	cattail grass	a				a	a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.	green foxtail													b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum carolinense L.	horsenettle		a
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum diphyllum L.	twoleaf nightshade												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Solanum dulcamara L.	bittersweet nightshade														a
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanaugh	silverleaf nightshade		a
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum jamaicense P. Mill.	Jamaican nightshade												b
Vines	Solanum tampicense Dunal	wetland nightshade	a				a	a	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Solanum torvum Sw.	turkeyberry	a				a	a	a					a
Shrub or Subshrub	Solanum viarum Dunal	tropical soda apple	a		a		a	a	a	a	a	b	b	a	a			a	a
Grass or Grasslike	Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.	johnsongrass		a						a		b	c		a	a	c	a
Aquatic	Sparganium erectum L.	branched burreed	a				a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Sparganium erectum ssp. stoloniferum (Graebn.) H. Hara	simplestem bur-reed	a
Forbs/Herbs	Spermacoce alata Aubl.	broadleaf buttonweed	a				a	a	a
Vines	Sphagneticola trilobata (L.C. Rich.) Pruski	Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Spiraea japonica L. f.	Japanese spiraea													a	b	b	b
Aquatic	Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson
Forbs/Herbs	Stachys floridana Shuttlw. ex Benth.	Florida betony						b
Forbs/Herbs	Stellaria media ssp. pallida (Dumort.) Asch. & Graebn.	common chickweed														b	b
Forbs/Herbs	Stratiotes aloides L.	crab's-claw				c
Forbs/Herbs	Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze	witchweed	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Striga densiflora (Benth.) Benth.	denseflower witchweed	a
Forbs/Herbs	Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke	cowpea witchweed	a				a	a						a
Forbs/Herbs	Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth	purple witchweed	a
Forbs/Herbs	Striga spp. Lour.	witchweed	a	a			a	a
Vines	Syngonium podophyllum Schott	American evergreen												a
Hardwood Trees	Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels	Java plum												a
Hardwood Trees	Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston	Malabar plum												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Tamarix gallica L.	French tamarisk										b
Shrub or Subshrub	Tamarix spp. L.	tamarisk
Forbs/Herbs	Tectaria incisa Cav.	incised halberd fern												a
Shrub or Subshrub	Terminalia catappa L.	troipical almond												b
Hardwood Trees	Terminalia muelleri Benth.	Australian almond												b
Hardwood Trees	Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa	portia tree												a
Forbs/Herbs	Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link	hedgeparsley													b
Forbs/Herbs	Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.	white-flowered spiderwort												a
Forbs/Herbs	Tradescantia spathacea Sw.	boatlily												a
Forbs/Herbs	Tragopogon dubius Scop.	western salsify													c
Aquatic	Trapa natans L.	water-chestnut				c	a	a									c
Hardwood Trees	Triadica sebifera (L.) Small	Chinese tallowtree			a				a	a	a	a	a	a				a	a
Vines	Tribulus cistoides L.	Jamaica feverplant												b
Vines	Tribulus terrestris L.	puncturevine						b							c
Forbs/Herbs	Tridax procumbens L.	coat buttons	a				a	a	a					a
Forbs/Herbs	Tussilago farfara L.	coltsfoot				a									b
Hardwood Trees	Ulmus pumila L.	Siberian elm															c
Forbs/Herbs	Urena lobata L.	Caesarweed												b
Shrub or Subshrub	Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster	guineagrass												b
Grass or Grasslike	Urochloa mutica (Forsk.) T.Q. Nguyen	paragrass												a
Grass or Grasslike	Urochloa panicoides Beauvois	liverseedgrass	a				a	a	a
Forbs/Herbs	Urtica dioica L.	stinging nettle													c
Forbs/Herbs	Verbascum thapsus L.	common mullein													b
Forbs/Herbs	Verbena bonariensis L.	tall vervain										b
Forbs/Herbs	Verbena brasiliensis Vell.	Brazil vervain																a
Hardwood Trees	Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw	tungoil tree												a
Forbs/Herbs	Veronica hederifolia L.	ivyleaf speedwell															b
Grass or Grasslike	Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small	vetivergrass																b
Shrub or Subshrub	Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.	linden viburnum															c
Forbs/Herbs	Vicia sativa Linnaeus	common vetch													b
Vines	Vinca major L.	big periwinkle											c				c		a
Vines	Vinca minor L.	common periwinkle											c		b	b	c		a
Shrub or Subshrub	Vitex rotundifolia L. f.	beach vitex											b
Vines	Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC.	Japanese wisteria											a		b		c	b	a
Vines	Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC.	Chinese wisteria										a	a	b	b		b	b	a
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthium spinosum L.	spiny cocklebur													c
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthium spp. L.	cocklebur		a
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthium strumarium L.	common cocklebur													b		b
Forbs/Herbs	Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott	arrowleaf elephant's ear												b


					Invasive.org is a joint project of The Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ. The University of Georgia - Warnell School of Forest Resources and College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Dept. of Entomology Last updated on Saturday, March 07, 2009 at 04:40 PM Questions and/or comments to the