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Invasive Plants of the Thirteen Southern States

James H. Miller
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Erwin B. Chambliss
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Charles T. Bargeron
The Bugwood Network
The University of Georgia
Tifton Georgia

This is a compilation of invasive plants listed by any of the 13 Southern States and those by federal agencies pertaining to these States as of May 2004. Plants listed include those from the Federal Noxious Weed List as of September 2000, State laws (denoted as Laws), and State exotic pest plant councils (denoted as Lists). Currently, there are 7 States with noxious weed laws and 8 States with invasive plant lists. No lists were available for the states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The USDA Forest Service Southern Region's "Regional forester's list and ranking structure: invasive exotic plant species of management concern (2001)" has been included as a "policy" that guides invasive management on National Forest lands. Also, included is the list of invasive plants being monitored by the USDA Forest Service and States Forestry Agencies as part of the Forest Inventory and Analysis.

Please note: You may click on each of the headers below to resort the list. The scientific names are also hyperlinked to images and information about the plant.


Federal Noxious Weed List: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 Arkansas: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 Mississippi: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 Alabama: LAW
a=Class A - Federally listed
b=Class B - Nonnative, in state serious threat
c=Class C - poses harm to industries 		South Carolina: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 North Carolina: LAW
a=Class A noxious weeds
b=Class B noxious weeds		 Florida: LAW
a=General list not categorized
Mississippi: LIST
a=General list not categorized		 Alabama: LIST
a=Worst ten		 Georgia: LIST
a=Top ten listed
b=Other important		 Tennessee: LIST
a=Rank 1 Severe threat
b=Rank 2 Significant threat
c=Rank 3 Lesser threat
Watch Lists A&B not included		 Kentucky: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Lesser threat		 South Carolina: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Watch		 Virginia: LIST
a=High Invasiveness
b=Medium Invasiveness
c=Low invasiveness
Florida: LIST
a=Category I altering plant community
b=Category II increased frequency but not altering plant community		 USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis and State Monitoring for Invasive Plants:
a=Monitored in 13 SE states
b=Monitored in Florida only		 National Forest Service: POLICY
a=Category 1 species known to be invasive and persistent
b=Category 2 species suspected to be invasive

Growth Form Scientific Name Common Name US
law		 AR
law		 MS
law		 AL
law		 SC
law		 NC
law		 FL
law		   MS
list		 AL
list		 GA
list		 SC
list		 FL
list		 TN
list		 KY
list		 VA
list		 USFS
policy		 USFS & State
Monitoring
Aquatic Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed   a   c a     a a b   b b   c b  
Aquatic Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle hydrilla a   a   a a     a a   a b   c a  
Aquatic Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. parrotfeather       c         a b     b   c    
Grass or Grasslike Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. cogongrass a a a   a a a a a b c a     c a a
Hardwood Trees Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Chinese tallowtree     a       a a a a a a       a a
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet               a a a a a a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl. Macartney rose                 a               a
Shrub or Subshrub Rosa laevigata Michx. Cherokee rose                 a               a
Shrub or Subshrub Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. multiflora rose       c         a b a   a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Solanum viarum Dunal tropical soda apple a   a   a a a a a b b a a     a a
Vines Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. Japanese climbing fern       b     a   a b b a       a a
Vines Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida kudzu     a       a a a a a a a a c a a
Aquatic Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. sessile joyweed a       a a a         a          
Aquatic Azolla pinnata R. Brown pinnate mosquitofern a       a a                      
Aquatic Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardth Mediterranean clone of caulerpa a       a a                      
Aquatic Egeria densa Planch. Brazilian egeria       c a               c   b b  
Aquatic Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth anchored waterhyacinth a a     a a                      
Aquatic Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms waterhyacinth   a   c a     a   b   a       a  
Aquatic Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss oxygen weed a       a a                      
Aquatic Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus Eurasian watermilfoil       d a b           b a   c b  
Aquatic Najas minor All. brittleleaf naiad       d a                        
Aquatic Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) O. Ktze. crested floating heart                       b          
Aquatic Ottelia alismoides (Linnaeus) Pers. duck-lettuce a       a a                      
Aquatic Pistia stratiotes L. waterlettuce       c a             a       b  
Aquatic Potamogeton crispus L. curlyleaf pondweed       c                 b        
Aquatic Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek                         b b      
Aquatic Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus arrowhead a       a a                      
Aquatic Salvinia auriculata Aublet eared salvinia a       a a       b              
Aquatic Salvinia biloba Raddi lobed salvinia a       a a       b              
Aquatic Salvinia herzogii de la Sota Herzog salvinia a       a a       b              
Aquatic Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell giant salvinia a   a   a a       b   a       a  
Aquatic Salvinia spp. Séguier watermoss                                  
Aquatic Sparganium erectum L. branched burreed a       a a                      
Aquatic Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson                                  
Aquatic Trapa natans L. water-chestnut       c a a                 c    
Cactus Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley jointed prickly pear a       a a a                    
Conifer Trees Pinus thunbergiana Franco                             c    
Crops Oryza sativa L. rice   a     a                        
Crops Phleum pratense L. timothy           a               c c    
Crops Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail millet                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Russian knapweed         a                        
Forbs/Herbs Aeginetia indica L. ye gu a                                
Forbs/Herbs Aeginetia spp. L. aeginetia a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P northern jointvetch   a         a                    
Forbs/Herbs Agave sisalana Perrine sisal                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H.E. Robins. croftonweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Agrostemma githago L corn cockle   a     a                        
Forbs/Herbs Ajuga reptans L. carpet bugle                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Alectra fluminensis (Vell.) Stearn yerba de hierro a                                
Forbs/Herbs Alectra spp. Thunb. alectra a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande garlic mustard       a             c   a a c a a
Forbs/Herbs Allium spp. L. onions   c                              
Forbs/Herbs Allium vineale L. wild garlic                         c   b b  
Forbs/Herbs Arctium minus Bernh. common burdock                           b      
Forbs/Herbs Arenaria serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf sandwort                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Artemisia vulgaris L. mugwort                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus onionweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. yellow rocket                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston corn gromwell                         c a      
Forbs/Herbs Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woods basketplant                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Carduus acanthoides L. spiny plumeless thistle           b                      
Forbs/Herbs Carduus nutans L. musk thistle           b       b b   b a b b  
Forbs/Herbs Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieberstein wild safflower a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea cyanus L. cornflower                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea jacea L. brown knapweed                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek spotted knapweed                         b b c    
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek spotted knapweed                         b b c    
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea transalpina Schleich. ex DC. alpine knapweed                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Chenopodium album L lambsquarters                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Chenopodium ambrosioides L. mexicantea                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Cichorium intybus L. chicory                         a a      
Forbs/Herbs Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle           b             b b c b  
Forbs/Herbs Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. bull thistle                     b   b   b b  
Forbs/Herbs Cnicus benedictus L. blessed thistle         a                        
Forbs/Herbs Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott coco yam, wild taro                     c a          
Forbs/Herbs Commelina benghalensis L. Benghal dayflower a   c   a a a     b c a          
Forbs/Herbs Commelina benghalensis L. Benghal dayflower a   c   a a a     b c a          
Forbs/Herbs Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayflower                           c c    
Forbs/Herbs Conium maculatum L. poison-hemlock                         b c c    
Forbs/Herbs Crassula helmsii A. Berger swamp stonecrop           a                      
Forbs/Herbs Crotalaria spp. L. rattlebox   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. piedmont bedstraw                           a      
Forbs/Herbs Crupina vulgaris Cass. common crupina a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot                   b c   b b      
Forbs/Herbs Dianthus armeria L. Deptford pink                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus fullonum L. common teasel                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus fullonum L. common teasel                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus fullonum sylvestris (Huds.) Clapham Fuller's teasel                           b b    
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus laciniatus L. cutleaf teasel                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Drymaria arenarioides Humboldt & Bonpland alfombrilla a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Indian mock-strawberry                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Emex australis Steinhall three-cornered jack a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Emex spinosa (Linnaeus) Campdera spiny emex a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Eschscholzia californica Cham California poppy                         a        
Forbs/Herbs Euphorbia esula L. leafy spurge                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Euphorbia heterophylla L wild poinsettia         a   a                    
Forbs/Herbs Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai mulberryweed       c                 c        
Forbs/Herbs Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. fennel                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Galega officinalis L. goatsrue a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Glechoma hederacea L. ground ivy                         c b b    
Forbs/Herbs Helianthus ciliaris DC. Texas blueweed   a     a                        
Forbs/Herbs Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. tawny daylily                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier giant hogweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Hesperis matronalis L. damesrocket                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Homeria spp. Vent. cape tulip a         a                      
Forbs/Herbs Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders. miramar weed a       a a a         a          
Forbs/Herbs Hypericum perforatum L. common St. Johnswort                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Indigofera hirsuta L. hairy indigo                                 b
Forbs/Herbs Iris pseudacorus L. yellowflag iris                         c   b    
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean lespedeza                         c b      
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean lespedeza                         c b      
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. common lespedeza                         c b   b  
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. common lespedeza                         c b   b  
Forbs/Herbs Lactuca saligna L. willowleaf lettuce                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Lapsana communis L. nipplewort                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Leonurus cardiaca L. motherwort                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai Thunberg lespedeza                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. oxeye daisy                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume limnophila a       a a           b          
Forbs/Herbs Liriope muscari (Dcne.) Bailey monkeygrass                     c            
Forbs/Herbs Lotus corniculatus L. birdsfoot trefoil                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Ludwigia grandiflora hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Nesom & Kartesz water primrose         c                        
Forbs/Herbs Lysimachia nummularia L. moneywort                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Lythrum salicaria L. purple loosestrife   a   b a b   a     c   a a c a  
Forbs/Herbs Medicago lupulina L. black medic                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow sweetclover                         b a c    
Forbs/Herbs Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.) peppermint                           b      
Forbs/Herbs Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. thoroughwort pennycress                           a      
Forbs/Herbs Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms arrowleaved monochoria a       a a                      
Forbs/Herbs Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) K. Presl ex Kunth monochoria a       a a                      
Forbs/Herbs Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. miniature beefsteakplant                           b      
Forbs/Herbs Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. marsh dayflower                     a   b   c    
Forbs/Herbs Nepeta cataria L. catnip                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl narrow swordfern                       a         b
Forbs/Herbs Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) Jarrett ex Morton Asian swordfern                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. monk orchid                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Ornithogalum umbellatum L. star-of-Bethlehem       c     a           c b      
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche cernua Loefl. [excluded] nodding broomrape a                                
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche crenata Forsk. crenate broomrape a                                
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche minor Smith small broomrape a       a a       b   a          
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche ramosa L. branched broomrape a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche spp. L. broomrape a           a                    
Forbs/Herbs Oxalis stricta L. yellow woodsorrel                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Pastinaca sativa L. wild parsnip                         c   c    
Forbs/Herbs Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton perilla mint                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Mascarene Island leaf-flower       c             c            
Forbs/Herbs Phyllanthus urinaria L. chamber bitter       c             c            
Forbs/Herbs Plantago aristata Michx. bracted plantain   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Plantago lanceolata L. buckhorn plantain   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Polygonum caespitosum Blume oriental ladysthumb                         b b b b  
Forbs/Herbs Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. Japanese knotweed       c           b b   a a c a  
Forbs/Herbs Polygonum persicaria L. ladysthumb                         c b      
Forbs/Herbs Potentilla recta L. sulfur cinquefoil                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Prunella vulgaris L. healall                           a      
Forbs/Herbs Pteris vittata L. ladder brake                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Ranunculus bulbosus L. bulbous buttercup                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Ranunculus ficaria L. fig buttercup                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Raphanus raphanistrum L. wild radish                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess. yellow fieldcress           b                      
Forbs/Herbs Rumex acetosella L. red sorrel                           c b    
Forbs/Herbs Rumex crispus L. curly dock                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Rumex spp. L. dock   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Salsola vermiculata L. Mediterranean saltwort a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce iguanatail                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Senecio inaequidens DC. South African ragwort a                                
Forbs/Herbs Senecio madagascariensis Poir. Madagascar ragwort a                                
Forbs/Herbs Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby sicklepod                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh bigpod sesbania   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Solanum carolinense L. horsenettle   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Solanum diphyllum L. twoleaf nightshade                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanaugh silverleaf nightshade   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Solanum jamaicense P. Mill. Jamaican nightshade                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Solanum torvum Sw. turkeyberry a       a a a         a          
Forbs/Herbs Sparganium erectum ssp. stoloniferum (Graebn.) H. Hara simplestem bur-reed a                                
Forbs/Herbs Spermacoce alata Aubl. broadleaf buttonweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Stachys floridana Shuttlw. ex Benth. Florida betony           b                      
Forbs/Herbs Stellaria media ssp. pallida (Dumort.) Asch. & Graebn. common chickweed                           b b    
Forbs/Herbs Stratiotes aloides L. crab's-claw       c                          
Forbs/Herbs Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze witchweed a         a                      
Forbs/Herbs Striga densiflora (Benth.) Benth. denseflower witchweed a                                
Forbs/Herbs Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke cowpea witchweed a       a a           a          
Forbs/Herbs Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth purple witchweed a                                
Forbs/Herbs Striga spp. Lour. witchweed a a     a a                      
Forbs/Herbs Tectaria incisa Cav. incised halberd fern                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link hedgeparsley                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. white-flowered spiderwort                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Tradescantia spathacea Sw. boatlily                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Tragopogon dubius Scop. western salsify                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Tridax procumbens L. coat buttons a       a a a         a          
Forbs/Herbs Tussilago farfara L. coltsfoot       a                 b        
Forbs/Herbs Urena lobata L. Caesarweed                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Urtica dioica L. stinging nettle                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Verbascum thapsus L. common mullein                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Verbena bonariensis L. tall vervain                   b              
Forbs/Herbs Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Brazil vervain                               a  
Forbs/Herbs Veronica hederifolia L. ivyleaf speedwell                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Vicia sativa Linnaeus common vetch                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Xanthium spinosum L. spiny cocklebur                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Xanthium spp. L. cocklebur   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Xanthium strumarium L. common cocklebur                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott arrowleaf elephant's ear                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Agrostis capillaris L. colonial bentgrass                             b    
Grass or Grasslike Agrostis gigantea Roth redtop                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl tall oatgrass                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass                         b b b b  
Grass or Grasslike Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass                         b b b b  
Grass or Grasslike Arundo donax L. giant reed                   b b   c   b    
Grass or Grasslike Avena sterilis Linnaeus sterile oat a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Bromus arvensis L. field brome                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus catharticus Vahl rescuegrass                         c        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus inermis Leyss. smooth brome                         c b   b  
Grass or Grasslike Bromus racemosus L. bald brome   a                     b        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus secalinus L. rye brome   a                     b        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus tectorum L. cheatgrass                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Carex kobomugi Ohwi Japanese sedge                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. pilipiliula a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers bermudagrass   a               b              
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus entrerianus Boeckl. deeprooted sedge                     c            
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus involucratus Rottb umbrella plant                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus prolifer Lam miniature flatsedge                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus rotundus L. purple nutsedge   a                              
Grass or Grasslike Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Digitaria abyssinica (A. Rich) Stapf African couchgrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Digitaria velutina (Forsk.) Beauv. velvet fingergrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv barnyardgrass   a                       c      
Grass or Grasslike Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass                           b      
Grass or Grasslike Elymus repens (L.) Gould quackgrass                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen stinkgrass                           c      
Grass or Grasslike Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass                     c       c b  
Grass or Grasslike Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass                     c       c b  
Grass or Grasslike Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubbard limpograss                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Holcus lanatus L. common velvetgrass                           c b    
Grass or Grasslike Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees West Indian marsh grass                       a          
Grass or Grasslike Imperata brasiliensis Trinius Brazilian satintail a   c   a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury saramollagrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees Chinese sprangletop a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Lolium pratense (Huds.) S.J. Darbyshire meadow fescue                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Lolium temulentum L. poison ryegrass   a     a                        
Grass or Grasslike Melinis minutiflora Beauv. molassesgrass                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka natalgrass                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus Nepalese browntop       c           a a   a a c a a
Grass or Grasslike Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Chinese silvergrass                   b b   b a c b a
Grass or Grasslike Nassella trichotoma Hackel ex Arech. serrated tussock a a     a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex A.S. Hitchc. burmareed                       a          
Grass or Grasslike Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr. longstamen rice a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Oryza punctata Kotzchy ex Steud. red rice a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Oryza rufipogon Griffiths brown-beard rice a       a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Panicum repens L. torpedograss       c           b   a       a  
Grass or Grasslike Paspalum notatum Flueggé bahiagrass                     b            
Grass or Grasslike Paspalum scrobiculatum Linnaeus ricegrass paspalum a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. kikuyugrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum macrourum Trinius African feathergrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius kyasumagrass a       a   a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum pedicellatum ssp. unispiculum Brunken Kyasuma grass a                                
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum polystachion (Linnaeus) Schultes mission grass a       a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum polystachion ssp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken mission grass a                                
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher elephant grass             a         a         b
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) Chiov. crimson fountaingrass                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. common reed       c a         b a   a a c    
Grass or Grasslike Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. common reed       c a         b a   a a c    
Grass or Grasslike Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A.& C. Rivière golden bamboo                   a b b     b   a
Grass or Grasslike Poa annua L. annual bluegrass                           c      
Grass or Grasslike Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass                           c b    
Grass or Grasslike Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass                           b      
Grass or Grasslike Poa trivialis L. roughstalk bluegrass                             b    
Grass or Grasslike Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton itchgrass a a a   a a a     b              
Grass or Grasslike Saccharum spontaneum L. wild sugarcane a       a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub tall fescue             a     b b   b c b a a
Grass or Grasslike Setaria faberi Herrm. giant foxtail   a                     b b b    
Grass or Grasslike Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes yellow foxtail                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Setaria pumila ssp. pallidefusca (Schumacher) B.K. Simon cattail grass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. green foxtail                         b b      
Grass or Grasslike Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass   a           a   b c   a a c a  
Grass or Grasslike Urochloa mutica (Forsk.) T.Q. Nguyen paragrass                       a          
Grass or Grasslike Urochloa panicoides Beauvois liverseedgrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small vetivergrass                               b  
Hardwood Trees Acer platanoides L. Norway maple                             b    
Hardwood Trees Adenanthera pavonina L red beadtree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle tree-of-heaven         b               a a c a a
Hardwood Trees Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa                   a b a a b b a a
Hardwood Trees Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth woman's tongue tree                       a          
Hardwood Trees Alstonia macrophylla Wallich ex G. Don deviltree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Ardisia elliptica Thunb shoebutton ardisia                       a          
Hardwood Trees Bischofia javanica Blume Javanese bishopwood                       a          
Hardwood Trees Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. paper-mulberry                       b c        
Hardwood Trees Calophyllum antillanum Britt Antilles calophyllum                       a          
Hardwood Trees Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. river sheoak                       b         b
Hardwood Trees Casuarina equisetifolia L. Australian-pine                       a         b
Hardwood Trees Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng gray sheoak                       a         b
Hardwood Trees Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. trumpet-tree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Cestrum diurnum L. day jessamine                       b          
Hardwood Trees Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret Seifriz's chamaedorea                                
Hardwood Trees Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl camphortree                       a       a  
Hardwood Trees Citrus reticulata Blanco tangerine         a                        
Hardwood Trees Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Asian nakedwood                       a          
Hardwood Trees Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fragrant manjack                       b          
Hardwood Trees Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk. carrotwood             a         a         b
Hardwood Trees Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Indian rosewood                       b          
Hardwood Trees Ficus altissima Blume council tree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Koelreuteria elegans ssp. formosana (Hayata) F.G. Mey. flamegold                       b          
Hardwood Trees Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit white leadtree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mart. fountain palm                       b          
Hardwood Trees Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen sapodilla                       a          
Hardwood Trees Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake melaleuca a       a a a         a         a
Hardwood Trees Melia azedarach L. chinaberry                   b b a c   b   a
Hardwood Trees Morus alba L. white mulberry                           b c    
Hardwood Trees Murraya exotica L. Chinese box                       b          
Hardwood Trees Ochrosia elliptica Labill. elliptic yellowwood                       b          
Hardwood Trees Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. princesstree                   b b   a b b   a
Hardwood Trees Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Senegal date palm                       b          
Hardwood Trees Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. trifoliate orange                     c            
Hardwood Trees Populus alba L. white poplar                         b b b    
Hardwood Trees Prosopis alpataco R. A. Philippi alapataco a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis argentina Burkart algarobilla a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis burkartii Muñoz mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis caldenia Burkart calden a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis calingastana Burkart cusqui a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis campestris Griesbach algarrobillo a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis castellanosii Burkart mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis denudans Bentham algarrobo patagonica a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart algarrobillo a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis farcta (Banks & Soland.) J.F. Macbr. Syrian mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis ferox Griesbach churqui a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis fiebrigii Harms mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis hassleri Harms ex Hassler algarrobo paraguayo a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott algarrobilla a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis kuntzei Harms ex Hassler barbe de tigre a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth kiawe a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis palmeri S. Watson palo de hierro a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis rojasiana Burkart mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis ruscifolia Griesbach vinal a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis sericantha Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. albardon a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis spp. L. mesquite         a a a                    
Hardwood Trees Prosopis torquata (Cavan. ex Lagasca y Segura) DC. lata a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Ptychosperma elegans (R. Br.) Blume ptychosperma                       b          
Hardwood Trees Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Callery pear (Bradford pear)                     c            
Hardwood Trees Quercus acutissima Carruthers sawtooth oak                             b    
Hardwood Trees Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. rose myrtle             a         a       a b
Hardwood Trees Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) H.A.T. Harms octopus tree                       a         b
Hardwood Trees Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Brazilian peppertree             a         a         b
Hardwood Trees Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Java plum                       a          
Hardwood Trees Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Malabar plum                       b          
Hardwood Trees Terminalia muelleri Benth. Australian almond                       b          
Hardwood Trees Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa portia tree                       a          
Hardwood Trees Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm                             c    
Hardwood Trees Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw tungoil tree                       a          
Palms Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc. queen palm                                
Shrub or Subshrub Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth. earleaf acacia                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Alhagi maurorum Medik camelthorn                                  
Shrub or Subshrub Alhagi maurorum Medik camelthorn                                  
Shrub or Subshrub Ardisia crenata Sims coral ardisia                       a       b b
Shrub or Subshrub Asparagus aethiopicus L. Sprenger's asparagus fern                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Bauhinia variegata L mountain ebony                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Berberis thunbergii DC. Japanese barberry                         b b b a  
Shrub or Subshrub Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Scotch broom                     c            
Shrub or Subshrub Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian-olive                     a   c   c b a
Shrub or Subshrub Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. thorny olive                     a b a   c b a
Shrub or Subshrub Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. autumn-olive                   a a   a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Eugenia uniflora L. Surinam cherry                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. winged burning bush                     c   b a c   a
Shrub or Subshrub Ficus microcarpa Vahl.                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight Chinese parasoltree                     c            
Shrub or Subshrub Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr governor's plum                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Flueggea acidoton (L.) G.L. Webster simpleleaf bushweed                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Hibiscus tiliaceus L. sea hibiscus                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz hiptage                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D. Austin gloria de la manana                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. cathedral bells                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Lantana camara L. largeleaf lantana                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. shrubby lespedeza                   b b   b b c   a
Shrub or Subshrub Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don sericea lespedeza                   b c   a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese privet                     a   b     a a
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton glossy privet                       a       a  
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc. border privet                             b    
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum vulgare L. European privet                         a a   a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton sweet breath of spring                     c   a   c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Amur honeysuckle                         a a b a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera morrowii Gray Morrow's honeysuckle                         a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera standishii Jacques Standish's honeysuckle                             c    
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera tatarica L. Tatarian honeysuckle                         a a b a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera x bella Zabel [morrowii × tatarica] Bell's honeysuckle                         a   c    
Shrub or Subshrub Ludwigia uruguayensis Camb.) Hara Uruguay waterprimrose         a b                      
Shrub or Subshrub Lycium ferrocissimum Miers African boxthorn a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carr. leatherleaf mahonia                     b   b        
Shrub or Subshrub Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt Oregon grape                     b            
Shrub or Subshrub Melastoma malabathricum L. Banks melastoma a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle giant sensitiveplant a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Mimosa pellita Kunth ex Willd. catclaw mimosa a       a a a         a       b  
Shrub or Subshrub Nandina domestica Thunb. sacred bamboo                   b b a b     b a
Shrub or Subshrub Polygonum aubertii Henry Chinese fleecevine                     c            
Shrub or Subshrub Prosopis reptans var. cinerascens (A. Gray) Burkart tornillo a                                
Shrub or Subshrub Prosopis strombulifera (Lamarck) Bentham Argentine screwbean a                                
Shrub or Subshrub Psidium cattleianum Sabine strawberry guava                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Psidium guajava L. guava                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Ricinus communis L. castorbean                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Rubus fruticosus L. European blackberry a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Rubus moluccanus L. Molucca raspberry a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. wine raspberry                         c   c    
Shrub or Subshrub Ruellia caerulea Leonard Britton's wild petunia                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Scaevola taccada Vahl beach naupaka                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. red sesbania                   b   b          
Shrub or Subshrub Solanum dulcamara L. bittersweet nightshade                           a      
Shrub or Subshrub Spiraea japonica L. f. Japanese spiraea                         a b b b  
Shrub or Subshrub Tamarix gallica L. French tamarisk                   b              
Shrub or Subshrub Tamarix spp. L. tamarisk                                  
Shrub or Subshrub Terminalia catappa L. troipical almond                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster guineagrass                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. linden viburnum                             c    
Shrub or Subshrub Vitex rotundifolia L. f. beach vitex                     b            
Vines Abrus precatorius L. rosarypea                       a         b
Vines Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne. chocolate vine                           b b    
Vines Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. Amur peppervine                             c b  
Vines Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. coral vine                       b          
Vines Aristolochia elegans Mast. elegant dutchman's pipe                       b          
Vines Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders Chinese violet                       b          
Vines Begonia cucullata Willd clubed begonia                       b          
Vines Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium (L.) R. Br. hedge false bindweed   a                              
Vines Cardiospermum halicacabum L. balloonvine   a   c a               c   b    
Vines Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. oriental bittersweet           c         c   a a c a a
Vines Clematis terniflora DC sweet autumn virginsbower                     c   b        
Vines Convolvulus arvensis L. field bindweed   a                       c b    
Vines Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Dcne. Madagascar rubbervine                       b          
Vines Cuscuta japonica Choisy Japanese dodder a                   c            
Vines Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydb bigfruit dodder a                                
Vines Cuscuta potosina Schaffn globe dodder a                                
Vines Cuscuta potosina var. globifera Yunck. globe dodder a                                
Vines Cuscuta spp. L. dodder a a     a a a                    
Vines Dioscorea alata L. winged yam             a         a       a a
Vines Dioscorea bulbifera L. air-potato       a     a         a       a a
Vines Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Chinese yam                     c   a a c a a
Vines Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl centipede tongavine                       b          
Vines Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. winter creeper                   b c   a a b a a
Vines Hedera helix L. English ivy                   b b   a b b b a
Vines Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. Japanese hop                             b    
Vines Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. swamp morningglory a       a a           a          
Vines Ipomoea coccinea L. red morningglory                             c    
Vines Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. ivyleaf morningglory                           b b    
Vines Ipomoea lacunosa L. pitted morningglory                           c      
Vines Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth tall morningglory                           b b    
Vines Ipomoea spp. L. morningglory   a                              
Vines Ipomoea triloba L. threelobe morningglory         a   a         a          
Vines Jasminum dichotomum Vahl Gold Coast jasmine                       a          
Vines Jasminum fluminense Vell. jazmin de trapo                       a          
Vines Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Arabian jasmine                       b          
Vines Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle               a   a a a a a c a a
Vines Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. old world climbing fern       a     a         a       a b
Vines Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry catclaw-vine                       a       b b
Vines Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Spanish arborvine                       b          
Vines Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Robins. African mile-a-minute a       a a a                    
Vines Mikania micrantha Kunth mile-a-minute a       a a a                    
Vines Paederia cruddasiana Prain sewer vine             a         a         b
Vines Paederia foetida L. skunk-vine       b     a         a       a  
Vines Passiflora biflora Lam. twoflower passionflower                       b          
Vines Passiflora foetida L. redfruit passionflower                       b          
Vines Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross mile-a-minute weed       a c a                 c b  
Vines Securigera varia (L.) Lassen crownvetch                         b a c b  
Vines Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Irwin & Barneby valamuerto                       a          
Vines Solanum tampicense Dunal wetland nightshade a       a a a         a          
Vines Sphagneticola trilobata (L.C. Rich.) Pruski Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye                       b          
Vines Syngonium podophyllum Schott American evergreen                       a          
Vines Tribulus cistoides L. Jamaica feverplant                       b          
Vines Tribulus terrestris L. puncturevine           b             c        
Vines Vinca major L. big periwinkle                     c       c   a
Vines Vinca minor L. common periwinkle                     c   b b c   a
Vines Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. Japanese wisteria                     a   b   c b a
Vines Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Chinese wisteria                   a a b b   b b a


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The University of Georgia - Warnell School of Forest Resources and
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Dept. of Entomology
Last updated on Saturday, March 07, 2009 at 04:40 PM
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