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Invasive Plants of the Thirteen Southern States

James H. Miller
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Erwin B. Chambliss
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
Auburn Alabama

Charles T. Bargeron
The Bugwood Network
The University of Georgia
Tifton Georgia

This is a compilation of invasive plants listed by any of the 13 Southern States and those by federal agencies pertaining to these States as of May 2004. Plants listed include those from the Federal Noxious Weed List as of September 2000, State laws (denoted as Laws), and State exotic pest plant councils (denoted as Lists). Currently, there are 7 States with noxious weed laws and 8 States with invasive plant lists. No lists were available for the states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The USDA Forest Service Southern Region's "Regional forester's list and ranking structure: invasive exotic plant species of management concern (2001)" has been included as a "policy" that guides invasive management on National Forest lands. Also, included is the list of invasive plants being monitored by the USDA Forest Service and States Forestry Agencies as part of the Forest Inventory and Analysis.

Please note: You may click on each of the headers below to resort the list. The scientific names are also hyperlinked to images and information about the plant.


Federal Noxious Weed List: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 Arkansas: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 Mississippi: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 Alabama: LAW
a=Class A - Federally listed
b=Class B - Nonnative, in state serious threat
c=Class C - poses harm to industries 		South Carolina: LAW
a=General list not categorized		 North Carolina: LAW
a=Class A noxious weeds
b=Class B noxious weeds		 Florida: LAW
a=General list not categorized
Mississippi: LIST
a=General list not categorized		 Alabama: LIST
a=Worst ten		 Georgia: LIST
a=Top ten listed
b=Other important		 Tennessee: LIST
a=Rank 1 Severe threat
b=Rank 2 Significant threat
c=Rank 3 Lesser threat
Watch Lists A&B not included		 Kentucky: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Lesser threat		 South Carolina: LIST
a=Severe threat
b=Significant threat
c=Watch		 Virginia: LIST
a=High Invasiveness
b=Medium Invasiveness
c=Low invasiveness
Florida: LIST
a=Category I altering plant community
b=Category II increased frequency but not altering plant community		 USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis and State Monitoring for Invasive Plants:
a=Monitored in 13 SE states
b=Monitored in Florida only		 National Forest Service: POLICY
a=Category 1 species known to be invasive and persistent
b=Category 2 species suspected to be invasive

Growth Form Scientific Name Common Name US
law		 AR
law		 MS
law		 AL
law		 SC
law		 NC
law		 FL
law		   MS
list		 AL
list		 GA
list		 SC
list		 FL
list		 TN
list		 KY
list		 VA
list		 USFS
policy		 USFS & State
Monitoring
Aquatic Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed   a   c a     a a b   b b   c b  
Aquatic Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell giant salvinia a   a   a a       b   a       a  
Aquatic Egeria densa Planch. Brazilian egeria       c a               c   b b  
Aquatic Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms waterhyacinth   a   c a     a   b   a       a  
Aquatic Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle hydrilla a   a   a a     a a   a b   c a  
Aquatic Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. parrotfeather       c         a b     b   c    
Aquatic Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus Eurasian watermilfoil       d a b           b a   c b  
Aquatic Najas minor All. brittleleaf naiad       d a                        
Aquatic Pistia stratiotes L. waterlettuce       c a             a       b  
Aquatic Trapa natans L. water-chestnut       c a a                 c    
Aquatic Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus arrowhead a       a a                      
Aquatic Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. sessile joyweed a       a a a         a          
Aquatic Sparganium erectum L. branched burreed a       a a                      
Aquatic Ottelia alismoides (Linnaeus) Pers. duck-lettuce a       a a                      
Aquatic Salvinia biloba Raddi lobed salvinia a       a a       b              
Aquatic Salvinia auriculata Aublet eared salvinia a       a a       b              
Aquatic Salvinia herzogii de la Sota Herzog salvinia a       a a       b              
Aquatic Azolla pinnata R. Brown pinnate mosquitofern a       a a                      
Aquatic Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss oxygen weed a       a a                      
Aquatic Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth anchored waterhyacinth a a     a a                      
Aquatic Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardth Mediterranean clone of caulerpa a       a a                      
Aquatic Potamogeton crispus L. curlyleaf pondweed       c                 b        
Aquatic Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek                         b b      
Aquatic Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson                                  
Aquatic Salvinia spp. Séguier watermoss                                  
Aquatic Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) O. Ktze. crested floating heart                       b          
Cactus Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley jointed prickly pear a       a a a                    
Conifer Trees Pinus thunbergiana Franco                             c    
Crops Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail millet                         b        
Crops Oryza sativa L. rice   a     a                        
Crops Phleum pratense L. timothy           a               c c    
Forbs/Herbs Phyllanthus urinaria L. chamber bitter       c             c            
Forbs/Herbs Plantago aristata Michx. bracted plantain   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Plantago lanceolata L. buckhorn plantain   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. monk orchid                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Polygonum caespitosum Blume oriental ladysthumb                         b b b b  
Forbs/Herbs Ornithogalum umbellatum L. star-of-Bethlehem       c     a           c b      
Forbs/Herbs Oxalis stricta L. yellow woodsorrel                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Pastinaca sativa L. wild parsnip                         c   c    
Forbs/Herbs Lotus corniculatus L. birdsfoot trefoil                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Lysimachia nummularia L. moneywort                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Medicago lupulina L. black medic                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow sweetclover                         b a c    
Forbs/Herbs Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.) peppermint                           b      
Forbs/Herbs Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. miniature beefsteakplant                           b      
Forbs/Herbs Nepeta cataria L. catnip                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl narrow swordfern                       a         b
Forbs/Herbs Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) Jarrett ex Morton Asian swordfern                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Senecio madagascariensis Poir. Madagascar ragwort a                                
Forbs/Herbs Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby sicklepod                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Prunella vulgaris L. healall                           a      
Forbs/Herbs Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh bigpod sesbania   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Solanum carolinense L. horsenettle   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Solanum diphyllum L. twoleaf nightshade                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Solanum jamaicense P. Mill. Jamaican nightshade                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Sparganium erectum ssp. stoloniferum (Graebn.) H. Hara simplestem bur-reed a                                
Forbs/Herbs Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess. yellow fieldcress           b                      
Forbs/Herbs Rumex acetosella L. red sorrel                           c b    
Forbs/Herbs Rumex crispus L. curly dock                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce iguanatail                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Polygonum persicaria L. ladysthumb                         c b      
Forbs/Herbs Pteris vittata L. ladder brake                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Ranunculus bulbosus L. bulbous buttercup                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Raphanus raphanistrum L. wild radish                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Vicia sativa Linnaeus common vetch                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Xanthium spinosum L. spiny cocklebur                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Xanthium strumarium L. common cocklebur                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Brazil vervain                               a  
Forbs/Herbs Stratiotes aloides L. crab's-claw       c                          
Forbs/Herbs Striga densiflora (Benth.) Benth. denseflower witchweed a                                
Forbs/Herbs Stachys floridana Shuttlw. ex Benth. Florida betony           b                      
Forbs/Herbs Tectaria incisa Cav. incised halberd fern                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Tragopogon dubius Scop. western salsify                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. white-flowered spiderwort                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Tradescantia spathacea Sw. boatlily                       a          
Forbs/Herbs Tussilago farfara L. coltsfoot       a                 b        
Forbs/Herbs Urtica dioica L. stinging nettle                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Urena lobata L. Caesarweed                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link hedgeparsley                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woods basketplant                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Indigofera hirsuta L. hairy indigo                                 b
Forbs/Herbs Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott arrowleaf elephant's ear                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Homeria spp. Vent. cape tulip a         a                      
Forbs/Herbs Ajuga reptans L. carpet bugle                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Allium spp. L. onions   c                              
Forbs/Herbs Arenaria serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf sandwort                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea transalpina Schleich. ex DC. alpine knapweed                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Crotalaria spp. L. rattlebox   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Cnicus benedictus L. blessed thistle         a                        
Forbs/Herbs Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. piedmont bedstraw                           a      
Forbs/Herbs Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Indian mock-strawberry                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Lactuca saligna L. willowleaf lettuce                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai Thunberg lespedeza                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Mascarene Island leaf-flower       c             c            
Forbs/Herbs Rumex spp. L. dock   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Verbena bonariensis L. tall vervain                   b              
Forbs/Herbs Veronica hederifolia L. ivyleaf speedwell                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Xanthium spp. L. cocklebur   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Liriope muscari (Dcne.) Bailey monkeygrass                     c            
Forbs/Herbs Ludwigia grandiflora hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Nesom & Kartesz water primrose         c                        
Forbs/Herbs Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. thoroughwort pennycress                           a      
Forbs/Herbs Senecio inaequidens DC. South African ragwort a                                
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche spp. L. broomrape a           a                    
Forbs/Herbs Emex australis Steinhall three-cornered jack a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Emex spinosa (Linnaeus) Campdera spiny emex a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze witchweed a         a                      
Forbs/Herbs Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth purple witchweed a                                
Forbs/Herbs Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke cowpea witchweed a       a a           a          
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche ramosa L. branched broomrape a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Spermacoce alata Aubl. broadleaf buttonweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H.E. Robins. croftonweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders. miramar weed a       a a a         a          
Forbs/Herbs Salsola vermiculata L. Mediterranean saltwort a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Commelina benghalensis L. Benghal dayflower a   c   a a a     b c a          
Forbs/Herbs Commelina benghalensis L. Benghal dayflower a   c   a a a     b c a          
Forbs/Herbs Drymaria arenarioides Humboldt & Bonpland alfombrilla a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieberstein wild safflower a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Tridax procumbens L. coat buttons a       a a a         a          
Forbs/Herbs Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) K. Presl ex Kunth monochoria a       a a                      
Forbs/Herbs Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms arrowleaved monochoria a       a a                      
Forbs/Herbs Conium maculatum L. poison-hemlock                         b c c    
Forbs/Herbs Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Russian knapweed         a                        
Forbs/Herbs Galega officinalis L. goatsrue a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier giant hogweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Solanum torvum Sw. turkeyberry a       a a a         a          
Forbs/Herbs Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanaugh silverleaf nightshade   a                              
Forbs/Herbs Hypericum perforatum L. common St. Johnswort                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Crupina vulgaris Cass. common crupina a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Potentilla recta L. sulfur cinquefoil                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Verbascum thapsus L. common mullein                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Stellaria media ssp. pallida (Dumort.) Asch. & Graebn. common chickweed                           b b    
Forbs/Herbs Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. bull thistle                     b   b   b b  
Forbs/Herbs Carduus acanthoides L. spiny plumeless thistle           b                      
Forbs/Herbs Euphorbia esula L. leafy spurge                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. tawny daylily                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton perilla mint                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. Japanese knotweed       c           b b   a a c a  
Forbs/Herbs Agave sisalana Perrine sisal                       b          
Forbs/Herbs Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. marsh dayflower                     a   b   c    
Forbs/Herbs Ranunculus ficaria L. fig buttercup                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Lythrum salicaria L. purple loosestrife   a   b a b   a     c   a a c a  
Forbs/Herbs Glechoma hederacea L. ground ivy                         c b b    
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek spotted knapweed                         b b c    
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek spotted knapweed                         b b c    
Forbs/Herbs Carduus nutans L. musk thistle           b       b b   b a b b  
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus fullonum L. common teasel                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus fullonum L. common teasel                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle           b             b b c b  
Forbs/Herbs Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande garlic mustard       a             c   a a c a a
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche crenata Forsk. crenate broomrape a                                
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche minor Smith small broomrape a       a a       b   a          
Forbs/Herbs Orobanche cernua Loefl. [excluded] nodding broomrape a                                
Forbs/Herbs Aeginetia indica L. ye gu a                                
Forbs/Herbs Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P northern jointvetch   a         a                    
Forbs/Herbs Agrostemma githago L corn cockle   a     a                        
Forbs/Herbs Alectra fluminensis (Vell.) Stearn yerba de hierro a                                
Forbs/Herbs Arctium minus Bernh. common burdock                           b      
Forbs/Herbs Artemisia vulgaris L. mugwort                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Allium vineale L. wild garlic                         c   b b  
Forbs/Herbs Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. yellow rocket                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Striga spp. Lour. witchweed a a     a a                      
Forbs/Herbs Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume limnophila a       a a           b          
Forbs/Herbs Aeginetia spp. L. aeginetia a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Alectra spp. Thunb. alectra a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus onionweed a       a a a                    
Forbs/Herbs Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston corn gromwell                         c a      
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea jacea L. brown knapweed                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Chenopodium album L lambsquarters                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Chenopodium ambrosioides L. mexicantea                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Cichorium intybus L. chicory                         a a      
Forbs/Herbs Centaurea cyanus L. cornflower                         c        
Forbs/Herbs Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayflower                           c c    
Forbs/Herbs Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott coco yam, wild taro                     c a          
Forbs/Herbs Crassula helmsii A. Berger swamp stonecrop           a                      
Forbs/Herbs Dianthus armeria L. Deptford pink                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus fullonum sylvestris (Huds.) Clapham Fuller's teasel                           b b    
Forbs/Herbs Dipsacus laciniatus L. cutleaf teasel                         b   b    
Forbs/Herbs Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot                   b c   b b      
Forbs/Herbs Eschscholzia californica Cham California poppy                         a        
Forbs/Herbs Euphorbia heterophylla L wild poinsettia         a   a                    
Forbs/Herbs Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai mulberryweed       c                 c        
Forbs/Herbs Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. fennel                             b    
Forbs/Herbs Helianthus ciliaris DC. Texas blueweed   a     a                        
Forbs/Herbs Hesperis matronalis L. damesrocket                         b        
Forbs/Herbs Iris pseudacorus L. yellowflag iris                         c   b    
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean lespedeza                         c b      
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean lespedeza                         c b      
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. common lespedeza                         c b   b  
Forbs/Herbs Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. common lespedeza                         c b   b  
Forbs/Herbs Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Lapsana communis L. nipplewort                             c    
Forbs/Herbs Leonurus cardiaca L. motherwort                           c      
Forbs/Herbs Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. oxeye daisy                         c        
Grass or Grasslike Holcus lanatus L. common velvetgrass                           c b    
Grass or Grasslike Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees West Indian marsh grass                       a          
Grass or Grasslike Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen stinkgrass                           c      
Grass or Grasslike Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv barnyardgrass   a                       c      
Grass or Grasslike Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass                           b      
Grass or Grasslike Elymus repens (L.) Gould quackgrass                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers bermudagrass   a               b              
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus involucratus Rottb umbrella plant                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus prolifer Lam miniature flatsedge                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus rotundus L. purple nutsedge   a                              
Grass or Grasslike Avena sterilis Linnaeus sterile oat a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius kyasumagrass a       a   a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum polystachion (Linnaeus) Schultes mission grass a       a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Urochloa panicoides Beauvois liverseedgrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Bromus secalinus L. rye brome   a                     b        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus tectorum L. cheatgrass                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus arvensis L. field brome                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus catharticus Vahl rescuegrass                         c        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus racemosus L. bald brome   a                     b        
Grass or Grasslike Bromus inermis Leyss. smooth brome                         c b   b  
Grass or Grasslike Digitaria abyssinica (A. Rich) Stapf African couchgrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Imperata brasiliensis Trinius Brazilian satintail a   c   a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl tall oatgrass                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass                         b b b b  
Grass or Grasslike Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass                         b b b b  
Grass or Grasslike Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. cogongrass a a a   a a a a a b c a     c a a
Grass or Grasslike Arundo donax L. giant reed                   b b   c   b    
Grass or Grasslike Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub tall fescue             a     b b   b c b a a
Grass or Grasslike Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus Nepalese browntop       c           a a   a a c a a
Grass or Grasslike Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Chinese silvergrass                   b b   b a c b a
Grass or Grasslike Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass   a           a   b c   a a c a  
Grass or Grasslike Panicum repens L. torpedograss       c           b   a       a  
Grass or Grasslike Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. common reed       c a         b a   a a c    
Grass or Grasslike Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. common reed       c a         b a   a a c    
Grass or Grasslike Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A.& C. Rivière golden bamboo                   a b b     b   a
Grass or Grasslike Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. kikuyugrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Oryza punctata Kotzchy ex Steud. red rice a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees Chinese sprangletop a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Nassella trichotoma Hackel ex Arech. serrated tussock a a     a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr. longstamen rice a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Oryza rufipogon Griffiths brown-beard rice a       a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Setaria pumila ssp. pallidefusca (Schumacher) B.K. Simon cattail grass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Saccharum spontaneum L. wild sugarcane a       a a a         a          
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum macrourum Trinius African feathergrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Paspalum scrobiculatum Linnaeus ricegrass paspalum a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton itchgrass a a a   a a a     b              
Grass or Grasslike Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury saramollagrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. pilipiliula a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Digitaria velutina (Forsk.) Beauv. velvet fingergrass a       a a a                    
Grass or Grasslike Carex kobomugi Ohwi Japanese sedge                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Agrostis capillaris L. colonial bentgrass                             b    
Grass or Grasslike Lolium temulentum L. poison ryegrass   a     a                        
Grass or Grasslike Cyperus entrerianus Boeckl. deeprooted sedge                     c            
Grass or Grasslike Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubbard limpograss                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Agrostis gigantea Roth redtop                             c    
Grass or Grasslike Urochloa mutica (Forsk.) T.Q. Nguyen paragrass                       a          
Grass or Grasslike Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass                     c       c b  
Grass or Grasslike Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass                     c       c b  
Grass or Grasslike Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small vetivergrass                               b  
Grass or Grasslike Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass                           b      
Grass or Grasslike Poa trivialis L. roughstalk bluegrass                             b    
Grass or Grasslike Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes yellow foxtail                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. green foxtail                         b b      
Grass or Grasslike Setaria faberi Herrm. giant foxtail   a                     b b b    
Grass or Grasslike Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex A.S. Hitchc. burmareed                       a          
Grass or Grasslike Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka natalgrass                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Melinis minutiflora Beauv. molassesgrass                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Lolium pratense (Huds.) S.J. Darbyshire meadow fescue                         b        
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum pedicellatum ssp. unispiculum Brunken Kyasuma grass a                                
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum polystachion ssp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken mission grass a                                
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher elephant grass             a         a         b
Grass or Grasslike Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) Chiov. crimson fountaingrass                       b          
Grass or Grasslike Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass                           c b    
Grass or Grasslike Paspalum notatum Flueggé bahiagrass                     b            
Grass or Grasslike Poa annua L. annual bluegrass                           c      
Hardwood Trees Ochrosia elliptica Labill. elliptic yellowwood                       b          
Hardwood Trees Murraya exotica L. Chinese box                       b          
Hardwood Trees Koelreuteria elegans ssp. formosana (Hayata) F.G. Mey. flamegold                       b          
Hardwood Trees Morus alba L. white mulberry                           b c    
Hardwood Trees Ptychosperma elegans (R. Br.) Blume ptychosperma                       b          
Hardwood Trees Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. rose myrtle             a         a       a b
Hardwood Trees Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) H.A.T. Harms octopus tree                       a         b
Hardwood Trees Prosopis spp. L. mesquite         a a a                    
Hardwood Trees Quercus acutissima Carruthers sawtooth oak                             b    
Hardwood Trees Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw tungoil tree                       a          
Hardwood Trees Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa portia tree                       a          
Hardwood Trees Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Java plum                       a          
Hardwood Trees Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Malabar plum                       b          
Hardwood Trees Citrus reticulata Blanco tangerine         a                        
Hardwood Trees Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. trifoliate orange                     c            
Hardwood Trees Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Callery pear (Bradford pear)                     c            
Hardwood Trees Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fragrant manjack                       b          
Hardwood Trees Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Indian rosewood                       b          
Hardwood Trees Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen sapodilla                       a          
Hardwood Trees Terminalia muelleri Benth. Australian almond                       b          
Hardwood Trees Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret Seifriz's chamaedorea                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis farcta (Banks & Soland.) J.F. Macbr. Syrian mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Chinese tallowtree     a       a a a a a a       a a
Hardwood Trees Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Brazilian peppertree             a         a         b
Hardwood Trees Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Senegal date palm                       b          
Hardwood Trees Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm                             c    
Hardwood Trees Casuarina equisetifolia L. Australian-pine                       a         b
Hardwood Trees Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. trumpet-tree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth kiawe a                                
Hardwood Trees Populus alba L. white poplar                         b b b    
Hardwood Trees Melia azedarach L. chinaberry                   b b a c   b   a
Hardwood Trees Acer platanoides L. Norway maple                             b    
Hardwood Trees Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle tree-of-heaven         b               a a c a a
Hardwood Trees Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa                   a b a a b b a a
Hardwood Trees Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. princesstree                   b b   a b b   a
Hardwood Trees Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake melaleuca a       a a a         a         a
Hardwood Trees Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl camphortree                       a       a  
Hardwood Trees Adenanthera pavonina L red beadtree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Alstonia macrophylla Wallich ex G. Don deviltree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth woman's tongue tree                       a          
Hardwood Trees Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. paper-mulberry                       b c        
Hardwood Trees Ardisia elliptica Thunb shoebutton ardisia                       a          
Hardwood Trees Prosopis ruscifolia Griesbach vinal a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis sericantha Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. albardon a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis castellanosii Burkart mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis torquata (Cavan. ex Lagasca y Segura) DC. lata a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis fiebrigii Harms mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis hassleri Harms ex Hassler algarrobo paraguayo a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott algarrobilla a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis palmeri S. Watson palo de hierro a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis kuntzei Harms ex Hassler barbe de tigre a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis rojasiana Burkart mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis alpataco R. A. Philippi alapataco a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis argentina Burkart algarobilla a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis burkartii Muñoz mesquite a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis caldenia Burkart calden a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis calingastana Burkart cusqui a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis denudans Bentham algarrobo patagonica a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart algarrobillo a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis ferox Griesbach churqui a                                
Hardwood Trees Prosopis campestris Griesbach algarrobillo a                                
Hardwood Trees Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk. carrotwood             a         a         b
Hardwood Trees Cestrum diurnum L. day jessamine                       b          
Hardwood Trees Bischofia javanica Blume Javanese bishopwood                       a          
Hardwood Trees Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Asian nakedwood                       a          
Hardwood Trees Calophyllum antillanum Britt Antilles calophyllum                       a          
Hardwood Trees Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. river sheoak                       b         b
Hardwood Trees Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng gray sheoak                       a         b
Hardwood Trees Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mart. fountain palm                       b          
Hardwood Trees Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit white leadtree                       b          
Hardwood Trees Ficus altissima Blume council tree                       b          
Palms Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc. queen palm                                
Shrub or Subshrub Vitex rotundifolia L. f. beach vitex                     b            
Shrub or Subshrub Polygonum aubertii Henry Chinese fleecevine                     c            
Shrub or Subshrub Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight Chinese parasoltree                     c            
Shrub or Subshrub Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. linden viburnum                             c    
Shrub or Subshrub Tamarix gallica L. French tamarisk                   b              
Shrub or Subshrub Terminalia catappa L. troipical almond                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster guineagrass                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc. border privet                             b    
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera standishii Jacques Standish's honeysuckle                             c    
Shrub or Subshrub Rosa laevigata Michx. Cherokee rose                 a               a
Shrub or Subshrub Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt Oregon grape                     b            
Shrub or Subshrub Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carr. leatherleaf mahonia                     b   b        
Shrub or Subshrub Scaevola taccada Vahl beach naupaka                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Ruellia caerulea Leonard Britton's wild petunia                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Ricinus communis L. castorbean                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Prosopis reptans var. cinerascens (A. Gray) Burkart tornillo a                                
Shrub or Subshrub Psidium cattleianum Sabine strawberry guava                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Psidium guajava L. guava                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. red sesbania                   b   b          
Shrub or Subshrub Solanum dulcamara L. bittersweet nightshade                           a      
Shrub or Subshrub Ficus microcarpa Vahl.                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Flueggea acidoton (L.) G.L. Webster simpleleaf bushweed                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr governor's plum                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz hiptage                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Hibiscus tiliaceus L. sea hibiscus                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D. Austin gloria de la manana                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton glossy privet                       a       a  
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera x bella Zabel [morrowii × tatarica] Bell's honeysuckle                         a   c    
Shrub or Subshrub Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. cathedral bells                       b          
Shrub or Subshrub Eugenia uniflora L. Surinam cherry                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle giant sensitiveplant a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Prosopis strombulifera (Lamarck) Bentham Argentine screwbean a                                
Shrub or Subshrub Bauhinia variegata L mountain ebony                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Asparagus aethiopicus L. Sprenger's asparagus fern                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Alhagi maurorum Medik camelthorn                                  
Shrub or Subshrub Alhagi maurorum Medik camelthorn                                  
Shrub or Subshrub Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth. earleaf acacia                       a          
Shrub or Subshrub Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. autumn-olive                   a a   a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian-olive                     a   c   c b a
Shrub or Subshrub Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. winged burning bush                     c   b a c   a
Shrub or Subshrub Solanum viarum Dunal tropical soda apple a   a   a a a a a b b a a     a a
Shrub or Subshrub Berberis thunbergii DC. Japanese barberry                         b b b a  
Shrub or Subshrub Ardisia crenata Sims coral ardisia                       a       b b
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton sweet breath of spring                     c   a   c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lantana camara L. largeleaf lantana                       a         b
Shrub or Subshrub Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. shrubby lespedeza                   b b   b b c   a
Shrub or Subshrub Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don sericea lespedeza                   b c   a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese privet                     a   b     a a
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet               a a a a a a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Ligustrum vulgare L. European privet                         a a   a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Amur honeysuckle                         a a b a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera morrowii Gray Morrow's honeysuckle                         a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Lonicera tatarica L. Tatarian honeysuckle                         a a b a a
Shrub or Subshrub Ludwigia uruguayensis Camb.) Hara Uruguay waterprimrose         a b                      
Shrub or Subshrub Spiraea japonica L. f. Japanese spiraea                         a b b b  
Shrub or Subshrub Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. multiflora rose       c         a b a   a a c a a
Shrub or Subshrub Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. wine raspberry                         c   c    
Shrub or Subshrub Nandina domestica Thunb. sacred bamboo                   b b a b     b a
Shrub or Subshrub Tamarix spp. L. tamarisk                                  
Shrub or Subshrub Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. thorny olive                     a b a   c b a
Shrub or Subshrub Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Scotch broom                     c            
Shrub or Subshrub Lycium ferrocissimum Miers African boxthorn a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Mimosa pellita Kunth ex Willd. catclaw mimosa a       a a a         a       b  
Shrub or Subshrub Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl. Macartney rose                 a               a
Shrub or Subshrub Melastoma malabathricum L. Banks melastoma a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Rubus fruticosus L. European blackberry a       a a a                    
Shrub or Subshrub Rubus moluccanus L. Molucca raspberry a       a a a                    
Vines Mikania micrantha Kunth mile-a-minute a       a a a                    
Vines Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Robins. African mile-a-minute a       a a a                    
Vines Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Chinese yam                     c   a a c a a
Vines Vinca major L. big periwinkle                     c       c   a
Vines Convolvulus arvensis L. field bindweed   a                       c b    
Vines Vinca minor L. common periwinkle                     c   b b c   a
Vines Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. Japanese wisteria                     a   b   c b a
Vines Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Chinese wisteria                   a a b b   b b a
Vines Tribulus terrestris L. puncturevine           b             c        
Vines Solanum tampicense Dunal wetland nightshade a       a a a         a          
Vines Paederia foetida L. skunk-vine       b     a         a       a  
Vines Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross mile-a-minute weed       a c a                 c b  
Vines Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. Japanese climbing fern       b     a   a b b a       a a
Vines Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. old world climbing fern       a     a         a       a b
Vines Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle               a   a a a a a c a a
Vines Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry catclaw-vine                       a       b b
Vines Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. Amur peppervine                             c b  
Vines Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida kudzu     a       a a a a a a a a c a a
Vines Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. winter creeper                   b c   a a b a a
Vines Hedera helix L. English ivy                   b b   a b b b a
Vines Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. ivyleaf morningglory                           b b    
Vines Securigera varia (L.) Lassen crownvetch                         b a c b  
Vines Dioscorea bulbifera L. air-potato       a     a         a       a a
Vines Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. oriental bittersweet           c         c   a a c a a
Vines Aristolochia elegans Mast. elegant dutchman's pipe                       b          
Vines Abrus precatorius L. rosarypea                       a         b
Vines Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders Chinese violet                       b          
Vines Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. coral vine                       b          
Vines Begonia cucullata Willd clubed begonia                       b          
Vines Cuscuta spp. L. dodder a a     a a a                    
Vines Dioscorea alata L. winged yam             a         a       a a
Vines Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl centipede tongavine                       b          
Vines Cuscuta japonica Choisy Japanese dodder a                   c            
Vines Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydb bigfruit dodder a                                
Vines Cuscuta potosina Schaffn globe dodder a                                
Vines Cuscuta potosina var. globifera Yunck. globe dodder a                                
Vines Cardiospermum halicacabum L. balloonvine   a   c a               c   b    
Vines Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium (L.) R. Br. hedge false bindweed   a                              
Vines Clematis terniflora DC sweet autumn virginsbower                     c   b        
Vines Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Dcne. Madagascar rubbervine                       b          
Vines Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. swamp morningglory a       a a           a          
Vines Ipomoea coccinea L. red morningglory                             c    
Vines Ipomoea lacunosa L. pitted morningglory                           c      
Vines Ipomoea triloba L. threelobe morningglory         a   a         a          
Vines Jasminum dichotomum Vahl Gold Coast jasmine                       a          
Vines Jasminum fluminense Vell. jazmin de trapo                       a          
Vines Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Arabian jasmine                       b          
Vines Sphagneticola trilobata (L.C. Rich.) Pruski Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye                       b          
Vines Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Irwin & Barneby valamuerto                       a          
Vines Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Spanish arborvine                       b          
Vines Passiflora biflora Lam. twoflower passionflower                       b          
Vines Paederia cruddasiana Prain sewer vine             a         a         b
Vines Passiflora foetida L. redfruit passionflower                       b          
Vines Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne. chocolate vine                           b b    
Vines Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. Japanese hop                             b    
Vines Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth tall morningglory                           b b    
Vines Ipomoea spp. L. morningglory   a                              
Vines Tribulus cistoides L. Jamaica feverplant                       b          
Vines Syngonium podophyllum Schott American evergreen                       a          


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USDA Forest ServiceUSDA APHIS PPQ The Bugwood Network University of Georgia Invasive.org is a joint project of The Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ.
The University of Georgia - Warnell School of Forest Resources and
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Dept. of Entomology
Last updated on Saturday, March 07, 2009 at 04:40 PM
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