TNC Global Invasive Species Team page

Plant families: Santalaceae-Zygophyllaceae

Santalaceae
Thesium,humile, Weed Science List
Thesium,humile, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Sapindaceae
Alectryon,tomentosus,woolly rambutan,X,G,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cardiospermum,grandiflorum,showy balloonvine,HX,NL,NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cardiospermum,grandiflorum, Balloon Vine ,Major WeedVINES.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Cardiospermum,grandiflorum, balloon vine,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, watercourses, urban open spaces, in subtropical regions.Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: tropical America,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cardiospermum,grandiflorum, balloon vine,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, watercourses, urban open spaces, in subtropical regions.Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: tropical America,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cardiospermum,grandiflorum, Balloon Vine ,Major WeedVines.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Cardiospermum,grandiflorum, Weed Science List
Cardiospermum,halicacabum, balloon vine,"Africa, hilly slopes",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Niue; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Cardiospermum,halicacabum,"love in a puff, balloon vine",H,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cardiospermum,halicacabum,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cardiospermum,halicacabum, heart pea or balloon vine,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, woodland, grassland, riverbanks, kloofs, floodplains, rocky sites.Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: N & tropical America,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cardiospermum,halicacabum, heart pea or balloon vine,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, woodland, grassland, riverbanks, kloofs, floodplains, rocky sites.Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: N & tropical America,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cardiospermum,halicacabum, Weed Science List
Cardiospermum,halicacabum, balloonvine,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Cardiospermum,halicacabum,balloonvine,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Cupaniopsis,anacardioides, carrotwood,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Cupaniopsis,anacardioides,carrotwood,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Dodonaea,viscosa,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Koelreuteria,elegans,K. paniculata,"Chinese rain tree, flame gold, golden rain tree",XS,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Koelreuteria,elegans,golden shower tree,"Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. ",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Melicoccus,bijugatus, Spanish lime,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Serjania,exarata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Sapotaceae
Bumelia,lanuginosa, gum bumelia,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Bumelia,lycioides, buckthorn bumelia,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Manilkara,zapota, sapodilla,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Pouteria,campechiana, "canistel, yellow sapote",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Pouteria,dominigensis, dominican pouteria,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Saururaceae
Anemopsis,californica, yerba mansa,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Houttuynia,cordata, annual sub-dominance , Shizuoka Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Houttuynia,cordata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Saururus,cernuus, lizardtail,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Saxifragaceae
Heuchera,americana, 47% germ at 20-25C in diffuse light in 15-38days,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Hydrangea,arborescens, smooth hydrangea,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Hydrangea,quercifolia, oakleaf hydrangea,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Parnassia,palustris, northern grass of Parnassus,seeds germ in 1st spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 86% germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Saxifraga,granulata, 98% germ at once or soon after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Saxifraga,oppositifolia, vegetative propagation by adventitious roots; seedlings not observed in nature in Britian; seeds tested on filter paper in lab very low & poor germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Saxifraga,rhomboidea, "fresh seed highly dormant; 18mths air-dry storage at 18C, 21% germ in dark at 18C; various treatments & combinations of treatments failed to hasten the breaking of dormancy",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Saxifraga,spp., "a detailed account of taxonomy, biology & ecology of 4 mossy species Saxifraga cespitosa, S. hartii, S. hypnoides & S. rosacea",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Saxifraga,tridactylites, Rue Leaved Saxifrage,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Saxifraga,tridactylites, Rue Leaved Saxifrage,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Schizaeaceae
Lygodium,japonicum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lygodium,japonicum, Japanese climbing fern,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Lygodium,japonicum,Japanese climbing fern,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Lygodium,microphyllum, old world climbing fern,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Lygodium,microphyllum,Old World climbing fern,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Lygodium,scandens, Weed Science List
Lygodium,scandens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Scrophulariaceae
Angelonia,salicariifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Antirrhinum,orontium, fresh seed starts germ immediately at room temp; no dormancy,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Antirrhinum,orontium,syn Misopates orontium,"Snapdragon, Calf's snout","gardens, orchards, fields","Medit, Eru, W & C Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Artanema,longifolium,"syn Artanema longiflorum, A. sesamoides, Diceros longifolius, Sesamum javanicum","on soggy grassland, along watercourses, on field dikes; from 0-250m alt;flowers in Java from May-Dec; rainfed, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","Amer or subtropical Afr, throughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands & the Moluccas, as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Bacopa,amplexicaulis, Weed Science List
Bacopa,caroliniana, Region of origin - SE USA; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Bacopa,caroliniana,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Bacopa,caroliniana, Carolina waterhyssop,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Bacopa,crenata, Weed Science List
Bacopa,crenata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Bacopa,eisenii, Eisen waterhyssop,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Bacopa,erecta, Weed Science List
Bacopa,erecta, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Bacopa,monnieri,"syn Herpestis monnieria, Herpestis spathulata","moist or soggy sites, especially on saline or akaline soils, often near the sea, soggy grasslands, in pools; often abundant; from 0-300m alt; flowers throughout the year; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","tropical Asia, in Indonesia: so far found in Java, Kangean Island & Lombok","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Bacopa,procumbens,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Bacopa,procumbens,"syn Bacopa chamaedryoides; Erinus procumbens, Herpestis chamaedryoides","soggy sites & borders of drains, disturbed lands & heavily grazed grasslands; up to 1900m alt; flowers throughout the year; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","tropical Amer, spreading slowly; was found for the first time in 1907 near Bogor (W.Java); also found in Irian Jaya","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Bacopa,rotundifolia,syn ,"in shallow water or floating in mats; in & near lakes, ponds, pools, marshes, ditches; rooting in the mud; up to 700m alt; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","southeastern USA, in Indonesia: Java & Sulawesi, as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Bacopa ,floribunda,"syn Herpestis floribunda, Mella floribunda","in soggy or moist sites, but also in desiccated fallow fields; often abundant; rarely in dry riverbeds & in & along pools; from 0-1300m alt; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","tropical Asia, throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan, the Moluccas & Irian Jaya, as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Bartsia,trixago,Bellardia trixago,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Bellardia,trixago,Bellardia,XXH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Bellardia,trixago, Bellardia ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Bellardia,trixago, Bellardia,"Dispersal: ?animal external,?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,","Med, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Bellardia,trixago, Bartsia trixago,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Bellardia,trixago, "bellardia, Mediterranean lineseed",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Bellardia,trixago, Weed Science List
Calceolaria,tripartita,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Calceolaria,tripartita, Weed Science List
Castilleja,coccinea, Indian paintbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Castilleja,exserta,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Castilleja,sessiliflora, downy paintbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Castilleja,spp., Paint brush,little or no germ of seeds obtained in 2 studies,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Casuarina,cristata, scalybark casuarina,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Celsia,cretica, Weed Science List
Chaenorhinum,minus, Small Toadflax,Linaria minus,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Chaenorhinum,minus, Small Toadflax,Linaria minus,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Chaenorhinum,minus, Dwarf snapdragon ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Chaenorhinum,minus, dwarf snapdragon,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Cymbalaria,muralis,"ivy leafed toadflax, Kenilworth ivy",X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cymbalaria,muralis, Weed Science List
Cymbalaria,muralis, Kenilworth ivy,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Digitalis,lanata, treat conc. sulfuric acid 10-40 sec; germ in soil,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Digitalis,purpurea,foxglove,XXw,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Digitalis,purpurea, Foxglove ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Digitalis,purpurea, Foxglove,"Dispersal: ?animal external,?Wind,?Water. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8,13,15","Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Digitalis,purpurea, Common foxglove,74% germ at 20-30C with alt. light/dark; treat with conc. sulfuric acid 20 sec for fresh seed,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Digitalis,purpurea, Foxglove ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Digitalis,purpurea, common foxglove,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Digitalis,purpurea, Weed Science List
Digitalis,purpurea, common foxglove,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Dischisma,arenarium,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Dischisma,arenarium, Weed Science List
Dischisma,capitatum,D. capitata in WA,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Dischisma,capitatum, Weed Science List
Dopatrium,junceum, , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Dopatrium,junceum,"syn Ilygethos sphaerocarpus, Lindernia sphaerocarpa, Vandellia sphaerocarpa","soggy or wet fields; usually scattered; from 0-1000m alt; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","Asia, Asia; in Indonesia: Java, Sulawesi, as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Gratiola,japonica, , Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Gratiola,juncea, annual sub-dominance , Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Hebe,elliptica,hebe,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Hebe,parviflora,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Hebe,speciosa,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Kickxia,commutata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Kickxia,commutata, Linaria commutata,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Kickxia,commutata, Weed Science List
Kickxia,elatine,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Kickxia,elatine,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Kickxia,elatine, Sharp leaved Fluellen,Linaria elatine,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Kickxia,elatine, Weed Science List
Kickxia,elatine, sharppoint fluvellin,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Kickxia,lanigera, "Linaria lanigera, L racemigera",Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Kickxia,lanigera, "Linaria lanigera, L racemigera",Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Kickxia,spuria,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Kickxia,spuria, Round leaved Fluellen,Linaria spuria,Mainland Europe & UK except NE & Denmark,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Kickxia,spuria, Weed Science List
Limnophila,conferta, Weed Science List
Limnophila,conferta, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Limnophila,erecta,syn ,"soggy sites, especially inundated fields; from 0-1500m alt (Irian Jaya); flowers throughout the year; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, eaten as a potherb in W Java, because of its fragrance","tropical Asia, tropical Asia; throughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas & Irian Jaya, as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Limnophila,heterophylla, Weed Science List
Limnophila,heterophylla, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Limnophila,micrantha, Weed Science List
Limnophila,micrantha, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Limnophila,sessiliflora, Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,"Florida Weeds, FAIRS."
Limnophila,sessiliflora, Limnophila," Aquatic weed, emerged Part of the world South-East Asia Height 15-40 cm Width 4-7 cm Light requirements average-high Temperature 22-26oC Hardness tolerance soft-hard pH tolerance acid-neutral Easiness easy Limnophila sessiliflora is", Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Limnophila,villosa,syn Limnophila javanica,"soggy sites, especially rice fields; from 0-1250m alt (Irian Jaya); lowland-irrigated & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","tropical Asia, throughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas & Irian Jaya, as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Linaria,angustissima, L. italica,Central to Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,angustissima, L. italica,Central to Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,arvensis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Linaria,arvensis, Corn Toadflax,Mainland Europe except NE & Denmark,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,arvensis, Weed Science List
Linaria,canadensis, oldfield toadflax,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Linaria,chalepensis, SE Europe in Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,chalepensis, SE Europe in Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,dalmatica,= L. genistifolia ssp dalmatica,Dalmatian toadflax,"40% germ of seed prechilled at 3C for 1-2wks, then germ at 20C or 20-30C in dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Linaria,dalmatica,"= L. genistifolia ssp dalmaticasyn. Antirrhinum dalmaticum, Linaria grandiflora","Dalmatian toadflax, broad-leaved toadflax",Dalmatian toadflax has no value agriculturally or as a forage plant; it is a serious weed because it is poisonous to livestock & once established spreads & crowds out more useful pasture species; in some cases it reduces carrying capacity to nilthe entry,"native to the E Medit region, extending in an arc from the Dalmatian coast of Yugoslavia through the Balkans, Turkey, N Syria & N Iraq into Iran; there are two varieties: var. macedonica, which is of limited range & found only in Macedonia, Albania, Thess","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Linaria,dalmatica, dalmatian toadflax,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Linaria,dalmatica,= L. genistifolia ssp dalmatica,Dalmatian toadflax,Weed Science List
Linaria,dalmatica,= L. genistifolia ssp dalmatica,Dalmatian toadflax,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Linaria,dalmatica,= L. genistifolia ssp dalmatica,Dalmatian toadflax,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Linaria,genistifolia,"L. dalmatica, Antirrhinum dalmaticum, Linaria grandiflora","Dalmatian toadflax, broad-leaved toadflax",NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Linaria,genistifolia, spp Dalmatian Toadflax dalmatica ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Linaria,genistifolia, subsp. dalmatica Dalmatian toadflax ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Linaria,genistifolia, Weed Science List
Linaria,hirta, Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,hirta, Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,incarnata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Linaria,incarnata, L. bipartita,Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,incarnata, Weed Science List
Linaria,latifolia, Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,latifolia, Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,maroccana,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Linaria,maroccana, Weed Science List
Linaria,micrantha, Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,micrantha, Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,minor, Small toadflax,"seed begin to germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds placed in germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 96% germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Linaria,minor, small toadflax,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Linaria,pelisseriana,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Linaria,pelisseriana, Jersy Toadflax,Southern & Western Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,pelisseriana, Weed Science List
Linaria,reflexa, Italy & Greece,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,reflexa, Italy & Greece,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,repens, Pale Toadflax,"L. striata, L. blanca, L. mospessulana","Central & Northern to Western Europe, less in UK, Eire, Scandinavia & Northen Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,repens, Pale Toadflax,"L. striata, L. blanca, L. mospessulana","Central & Northern to Western Europe, less in UK, Eire, Scandinavia & Northen Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,ricardoi, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,ricardoi, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,sp.,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Linaria,sp., Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Linaria,spartea, Western Europe less in NW regions,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,spartea, Western Europe less in NW regions,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,supina,"syn Antirrhinum supinum L., Linaria ambigua E. Huet, Linaria multicaulis (L.) Mill., Linaria masedae Merino, Linaria maritima DC., Linaria pyrenaica DC., Linaria haenseleri sensu Merino, non Boiss. & Reut.",SW Europe in Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,supina,"syn Antirrhinum supinum L., Linaria ambigua E. Huet, Linaria multicaulis (L.) Mill., Linaria masedae Merino, Linaria maritima DC., Linaria pyrenaica DC., Linaria haenseleri sensu Merino, non Boiss. & Reut.",SW Europe in Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,supina,"syn Antirrhinum supinum L., Linaria ambigua E. Huet, Linaria multicaulis (L.) Mill., Linaria masedae Merino, Linaria maritima DC., Linaria pyrenaica DC., Linaria haenseleri sensu Merino, non Boiss. & Reut.","Species citations: D. A. Sutton. 1988. A revision of the tribe Antirrhineae. (Rev Antirrh) 363. T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur) Check other databases for Linaria supina: Flora Eu",SW Europe in Italy Species range: France; Switzerland; Spain; Italy; Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,triphylla, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,triphylla, Weed Science List
Linaria,triphylla, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Linaria,vulgaris,"common toadflax, yellow toadflax",w,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Linaria,vulgaris, Yellow toadflax,20% germ in dark with alt. temps of 20-30C; seeds placed in germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 91-94% germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Linaria,vulgaris, Common Toadflax,L. acutiloba,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Linaria,vulgaris, Yellow toadflax ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Linaria,vulgaris, Weed Science List
Linaria,vulgaris, yellow toadflax,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Lindernia,anagallis, "perennial dominance, sub-dominance ", Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Lindernia,anagallis,"syn Lindernia angustifolia, Lindernia cordiflora","marshy sites, both in savannahs & high forests, riversides, swamps; from 0-1900m alt; lowland-irrigated, rainfed, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","Asia, Asia; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Lindernia,angustifolia, Weed Science List
Lindernia,angustifolia, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Lindernia,angustifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Lindernia,antipoda,"syn Ilysanthes antipoda, Ruellia antipoda","shaded or sunny, moist or swampy sites; open forests, village grooves, on cultivated lands & borders of ditches; up to 1800m alt; flowers throughout the year; lowland-irrigated, rainfed & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","SE Asia, tropical & subtropical Asia, from India to northern Aust & Polynesia; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Lindernia,ciliata,"syn Bonnaya brachiata, Gratiola ciliata, Ilysanthes ciliata, Ilysanthes serrata","on sunny or lightly shaded, often grassy sites, roadsides, fallow fields, on lighter soils; often abundant; up to 700m alt; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","Asia, SE Asia from India to northern Aust; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Lindernia,cordifolia, Weed Science List
Lindernia,cordifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Lindernia,crustacea,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lindernia,crustacea,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lindernia,crustaceae,"syn Lindernia minuta, Mimulus javanicus, Torenia crustacea, Torenia minuta, Vandellia crustacea, Vandellia minuta","wet sites, fields & gardens, along roads, old walls, dikes, often on compact hard soils; may form a dense truf on bare ground, if not disturbed; up to 3000m alt (mostly to 1500m); flowers throughout the year; all kinds of rice fields, except gogo rancah, ","tropical Asia, tropics of Asia; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Lindernia,hyssopioides,"syn Bonnaya hyssopioides, Gratiola hyssopioides, Ilysanthes hyssopioides","low riversides, marshy areas; up to 900m alt; rainfed & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","India, India, Sri Lanka, China, Malesia; Indonesia: so far found in Java & Sumatra","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Lindernia,procumbens, Weed Science List
Lindernia,procumbens, annual sub-dominance , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Lindernia,procumbens,"syn Lindernia nervosus, Lindernia pyxidaria, Ilygethos nervosus, Vandellia erecta, Vandellia nervosa","moist garden soils, water borders, fallow fields previously planted with second crops, field dikes; up to 600m alt (-2000m); lowland-irrigated, rainfed & gogo rancah rice fields, a weed of minor importance, one of the most widespread of the species centre","tropical Asia, Eur, India, Thailand, China, Japan, Malesia; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Lindernia,procumbens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Lindernia,pyxidaria, annual , Taiwan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Lophospermum,erubescens,Asarina barclaiana,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lophospermum,erubescens, Weed Science List
Maurandya,barclaiana,Asarina barclaiana,S,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Maurandya,barclaiana,syn Asarina barclaiana,Region of origin - S Mexico; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamentalFound spreading into Acacia scrub on Garden Island WA. Uses for taxon:Environmental: ornamental (fide Dict Gard as Asarina barclaiana)Species citations: E. E. T,"Chihuahua, Mexico; Coahuila, Mexico; Guanajuato, Mexico; Guerrero,Mexico; Mexico, Mexico; Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Oaxaca, Mexico; San LuisPotosi, Mexico; Veracruz, Mexico",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Mazus,miquelii, Weed Science List
Mazus,miquelii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Mazus,pumilus, Weed Science List
Mazus,pumilus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Mazus,stolonifer, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Mecardonia,dianthera, Weed Science List
Mecardonia,dianthera, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Melampyrum,arvense, Field Cow Pea,M. argyrocomum,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Melampyrum,arvense, Weed Science List
Melampyrum,arvense, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Melampyrum,barbatum, Central & SE Europe inc Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Melampyrum,barbatum, Central & SE Europe inc Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Melampyrum,cristatum, 94% germ soon after harvest when exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Melampyrum,lineare, "84-95% germ of freshly harvested & 2wk old seed, on filter paper moistened with either distilled water, 0.2% soln of KNO3 or 0.01% GA at 12.5C; 6mth old seed 64% with 0.01% GA soln, 62% with KNO3 soln & 25% distilled water at 10C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Mimulus,cardinalis, 2 strains tested in petri dishes & probably exposed to light; germ occurred within range of 16-33C in one strain & 12-34C in the other,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Mimulus,guttatus,M. luteus misapplied,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Mimulus,guttatus, "86% germ with alt. temp 20-30C in dark, 84% with alt. light/dark & 58% at 20C constant in dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Mimulus,guttatus, Weed Science List
Mimulus,lewisii, 2 strains tested in petri dishes 7 probably exposed to light; germ occurred within range of 12-34C in one strain & 14-34C in the other,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Mimulus,moschatus,musk monkey-flower,XA,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Mimulus,moschatus, Musk Monkey-flower,"Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,13,15","Introduced deliberately from: N Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Mimulus,moschatus, Weed Science List
Mimulus,orbicularis, Weed Science List
Mimulus,orbicularis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Mimulus,ringens, 99-100% germ of seed allowed to imbibe water & kept in dark for 6mths after being transferred to bright sunlight; germ at 20-25C ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Misopates,orontium,Antirrhinum orontium,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Misopates,orontium, Lesser SnapDragon,Antirrhinum orontium,"Mainland Europe, S Sweden, UK & Eire, less in Northen regions ",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Misopates,orontium, Weed Science List
Mitracarpaea,minima,"syn Mitracarpaea alterniflora, Mitracarpaea muscosa","soggy fields, along watercourses; sometimes abundant; up to 600m alt; flowers throughout the year; lowland-irrigated & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","tropical Asia, Asia; in Indonesia: so far known from Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Nemesia,strumosa,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Nuttallanthus,canadensis,Linaria canadensis var. canadensis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Odontites,serotina, Odontites rubra,seeds germ in 1st or 2nd spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 99% germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Odontites,verna, Red Bartsia,O. rubra,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Odontites,verna, Red Bartsia,O. rubra,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Orobanche,aegyptiaca,syn ,Egyptian broomrape,"fields, gardens, orchards; parasite on different plants","Egypt, SW Asia: Crimea & Caucasus to Transcaspia & Himalayas","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Orobanche,aegyptiaca,syn ,"fields, gardens, orchards; parasite mainly on Solanaceae plants ie. tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants,peppers, petunia","Medit, C Eur, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Orobanche,aegyptica, Weed Science List
Orobanche,aegyptica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Orobanche,cernua, "root of tobacco plant needed to stimulate germ; root placed on blotter paper & seed scattered over, 2 glass slides pressed seed & root together, transferred to pot covered with soil; 10-15days slides removed & root severed from tobacco, seed germ observed",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Orobanche,crenata,syn ,Scalloped broomrape,"fields, gardens, orchards; parasite on different plants, esp. leguminous crops","Medit, WAsia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Orobanche,crenata, Weed Science List
Orobanche,crenata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Orobanche,elatior, Weed Science List
Orobanche,elatior, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Orobanche,hederae, seed germ reported in French,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Orobanche,lorcata,"(possible name, species with W. Barker at AD)",Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Orobanche,ludoviciana, var Cooperi Cooper's Broomrape ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Orobanche,ludoviciana, Louisiana broomrape,47% germ with 20ppm of GA at room temp in dark on 2% sterilized agar in petri dishes,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Orobanche,ludoviciana, Louisiana broomrape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Orobanche,lutea, Weed Science List
Orobanche,lutea, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Orobanche,minor,Lesser Broomrape,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Orobanche,minor, Lesser Broomrape,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,"S&W Eur,W As,N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Orobanche,minor, Clover broomrape,seeds held moist at 25C for 21days or more & then induced germ with extracts of Zea mays roots,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Orobanche,minor, Weed Science List
Orobanche,minor, "hemp broomrape, branched broomrape ",Orobanche minor is a herbaceous annual or perennial root parasite without chlorophyll. It is a weed of 14 crops in 45 countries.,"Medit, Near East, and C Asia",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Orobanche,minor, clover broomrape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Orobanche,ramosa,branched broomrape,w,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Orobanche,ramosa, Branched Broomrape ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Orobanche,ramosa, Hemp broomrape,17% germ with 100ppm of GA at room temp in dark on 2% sterilized agar in petri dishes,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Orobanche,ramosa,syn ,Branched broomrape,"fields, gardens, orchards; parasite mainly on Solanaceae plants ie. tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants,peppers, petunia","Medit, C Eur, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Orobanche,ramosa, Weed Science List
Orobanche,ramosa, blue broom rape,Weed Science List
Orobanche,ramosa, "common broomrape, orobanche, clover broomrape",Orobanche ramosa is a herbaceous annual or perennial root parasite without chlorophyll. It is a weed of 25 crops in 45 countries.,"Medit, Near East, and C Asia",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Orobanche,ramosa, hemp broomrape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Orobanche,ramosa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Orobanche,speciosa, Orobanche crenata,"host plant Vicia faba used to induce germ in soil in specially built boxes; seed germ & parasitism on roots of host plant observed; Vicia began to secrete a germ-stimulating substance from roots 1wk before flwring, Orobanche seed germ 1wk after being stim",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Orobanche,spp., Weed Science List
Orobanche,spp., P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Orobanche,spp. ***, Broomrape N ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," ***except O. australiana Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
Orthocarpus,barbatus, Cotton,"50% germ at 20C in dark or at alt. 20-30C with alt. light/dark, after 4wk prechilling at 3C ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Orthocarpus,tenuifolius, "50% germ at 20C in dark or at alt. 20-30C with alt. light/dark, after 4wk prechilling at 3C ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Parentucellia,latifolia,Red Bartsia,XH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Parentucellia,latifolia, Red Bartsia,"Dispersal: ?animal external. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5","Med, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Parentucellia,latifolia, Weed Science List
Parentucellia,viscosa,Sticky Parentucellia,XXH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Parentucellia,viscosa, N/A ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Parentucellia,viscosa, Sticky Parentucellia,"Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,6,7,8,9","Med, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Parentucellia,viscosa, Yellow Bartsia,Bartsia viscosa = Lasiopera viscosa,"Western & Southern Europe, UK & Eire, less in NW regions",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Parentucellia,viscosa, Parentucellia ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Parentucellia,viscosa, yellow glandweed,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Parentucellia,viscosa, Weed Science List
Paulownia,tomentosa,"Chinese empress tree, powton",w,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Paulownia,tomentosa, "princess tree, empress tree",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Paulownia,tomentosa, royal paulownia,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966My sources have reported Paulownia spp. to be invasive in the following states:Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, NorthCarolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia,and West Virgini",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Paulownia,tomentosa,princess tree,RANK 1. "SEVERE THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Pedicularis,canadensis, "seeds planted in soil flats in late autumn, some directly in greenhouse, others exposed to winter conditions outdoors for 112days; only 2 seeds germ within 35-44days after transfer to greenhouse; no germ of seed directly planted in greenhouse",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Pedicularis,comptoniaefolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Pedicularis,confertiflora, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Pedicularis,spp., no germ obtained with four routine conditions tried; prechilling treatments tried only on some species,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Penstemon,angustifolius, "91% germ of seeds sown in moist sand in bottles & stored outdoors, germ complete by late spring, early summer",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Penstemon,digitalis, Digitalis penstemon,32% germ at 20-25C in diffuse light in 14days,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Penstemon,digitalis, digitalis penstemon,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Penstemon,gracilis, slender penstemon,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Penstemon,procerus, "72% germ with all 4 conditions including 15C with alt. light/dark, 20C in dark, 20-30C alt. in dark, 20-30C alt. with alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Penstemon,rydbergii, Rydberg penstemon,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Penstemon,speciosus, "68% germ after 4wks prechilling at 3C, then in dark with alt. 20-30C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Penstemon,wilcoxii, "no germ obtained with 5 conditions, no prechilling treatment reported",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Phyllopodium,cordatum,(?Polycarena caudata),X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Polycarena,heterophylla,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Polycarena,heterophylla, Weed Science List
Polycarena,leipoldtii,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Polycarena,leipoldtii, Weed Science List
Pygmea,ciliolata, Weed Science List
Rehmannia,glutinosa, ,paraquat 1992 Korea Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Rhinanthus,alectorolophus, "Alectorolophus hirsutus, R. patulus, R. ellipticus",Central & Eastern Europe inc Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Rhinanthus,alectorolophus, "Alectorolophus hirsutus, R. patulus, R. ellipticus",Central & Eastern Europe inc Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Rhinanthus,crista-galli, Cockscomb rattleweed,"95% germ of seed exposed immediately after harvest to moist cold 2C treatment for 17wks; seed dry stored for 5wks, then held moist at 2C, some germ after 84days moist storage; 60% or higher when germ at 15C after70-84days at 2C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Rhinanthus,crista-galli, cockscomb rattleweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Russelia,equisetiformis,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Scoparia,dulcis,"sweet broom, goatweed",X,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Scoparia,dulcis, Weed Science List
Scoparia,dulcis,syn ,"fallow fields, roads, old walls, in everwet regions or not too dry regions with a prolonged dry season; on all kinds of soils; from 0-1600m alt;flowers throughout the year; can produce 800-1000 seeds/plant; upland & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor impo","tropical Amer, introd into Java before 1860; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Scoparia,dulcis, "sweet broom, goatweed",P,uses for taxon: Medicines: folklore; Weed: potential seed contaminant; it is a weed of irrigated crops & dryland crops with & without irrigation; disturbed (or ruderal) situations in which no crops or pasture are grown; & improved pastures; it has been re,widely distributed in the tropics & subtropics,Western Australian Prohibited List
Scrophularia,auriculata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Scrophularia,lanceolata, Scrophularia leporella,Lanceleaf figwort,"prechilling moist seed at 3C for 1-4wks then germ at 20-30C alt. with alt. light/dark; 44% germ after prechilling at 20-25C in diffuse light within 19-28days, no germ in dark ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Scrophularia,lanceolata, lanceleaf figwort,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Scrophularia,marilandica, Maryland figwort,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Scrophularia,nodosa,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Scrophularia,nodosa, seeds germ in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 95%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Scrophularia,nodosa, figwort,Weed Science List
Scrophularia,peregrina, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Scrophularia,peregrina, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Selago,corymbosa, Weed Science List
Striga,angustifolia, Weed Science List
Striga,angustifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Striga,asiatica,"syn Striga hirsuta, Striga lutea, Buchnera asiatica",witchweed,"not in very wet areas, on sunny grassy, Imperata & other grasslands, grassy roadsides, fallow fields & dikes;scattered, usually in groups, often gregarious; it frequents light sandy soils, but can also grow on heavy soils, peat & muck; from 0-2000m alt; f","Asia, tropics of Asia & Afr; in the 1950s introd into N Amer; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Striga,asiatica,syn S. lutea,Asiatic witchweed,P,Banned by AQIS,Western Australian Prohibited List
Striga,densiflora, Weed Science List
Striga,densiflora, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Striga,forbesii, Weed Science List
Striga,forbesii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Striga,hermonthica, "obligate parasite; germ in lab seeds must be non-dormant, preconditioned & supplied with stimulant; storing air-dry seeds in closed bottles in lab 24wks breaks dormancy; ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Striga,hermonthica, Weed Science List
Striga,hermonthica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Striga,lutea, Wichweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Striga,lutea,= Striga asiatica,Witch weed,"obligate parasite; germ in lab seeds must be non-dormant, preconditioned & supplied with stimulant; storing air-dry seeds in closed bottles in lab 24wks breaks dormancy; ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Striga,lutea, witchweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Striga,spp.,Witchweeds,NLPQ,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Striga,spp., Witchweeds,Weed Science List
Striga,spp., Witchweeds,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Torenia,violacea,"syn Torenia edenata, Torenia peduncularis","in rather moist sites, especially on hard soils, along roads, in open forest, on old walls; locally often abundant; from 0-1200m alt; flowers throughout the year; upland rice fields , a weed of minor importance, ","Asia, Asia; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Triphysaria,pusilla,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Vandellia,angallis, annual , Taiwan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Vandellia,angustifolia, Weed Science List
Vandellia,angustifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Vandellia,crustacea, Weed Science List
Vandellia,crustacea, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Vandellia,pedunculata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Vandellia,pedunculata, Weed Science List
Verbascum,barnadesii, Celsia barnadesii,Iberian Peninsular,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbascum,barnadesii, Celsia barnadesii,Iberian Peninsular,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbascum,blattaria,moth mullein,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbascum,blattaria, Moth Mullein,"Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8","Eur,WC As,N Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Verbascum,blattaria, Moth mullein,59% germ in 2-73days in light & 34% in 4-56days in dark at 20-25C; at 20-30C alt. germ 76% in light & 84% in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Verbascum,blattaria, Moth Mullein,"V. rhinanthifolium, V. carduifolium","Mainland Europe except Denmark, less in UK",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbascum,blattaria, Moth mullein ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Verbascum,blattaria, Weed Science List
Verbascum,blattaria, moth mullein,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbascum,creticum,Cretan Mullein,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbascum,creticum, Cretan Mullein,"Dispersal: Water,?Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4","Introduced deliberately from: W Med and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Verbascum,creticum, Weed Science List
Verbascum,lychnitis, white mullein,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbascum,nigrum, Dark Mullein,V. minutiflorum,All Europe & Central Asia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbascum,nigrum, Dark Mullein,V. minutiflorum,All Europe & Central Asia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbascum,phlomoides, "V. belasitzae, V. formanekii, V. pangaeum",Mainland Europe less in NW & UK,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbascum,phlomoides, "V. belasitzae, V. formanekii, V. pangaeum",Mainland Europe less in NW & UK,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbascum,phlomoides, clasping mullein,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbascum,sinuatum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbascum,sinuatum, Weed Science List
Verbascum,thapsiforme, seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 99%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Verbascum,thapsus,"great mullein, Aaron's rod, blanket weed, candlewick, common mullein, flannel leaf, Jacob's staff, shepherd's club, velvet dock",HXAX,NL,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbascum,thapsus, Wooly Mullein ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Verbascum,thapsus, Great Mullein,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8,12,15","Introduced deliberately from: Euras and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Verbascum,thapsus, Common mullein,"light very important for germ; only by germ seed in solns of acids, bases, & salts of monovalent, bivalent & trivalent ions in dark at conc. of 0.00001N to 1N gave 80-100% germ & replaced light effects",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Verbascum,thapsus, "great mullein, Aaron's rod, blanket weed, candlewick, common mullein, flannel leaf, Jacob's staff, shepherd's club, velvet dock","great mullein colonises sites of low fertility, particularly abandoned cultivation areas, & does not persist when fertility is raised; the rosettes, which cover a large area, are rarely eaten by livestock & therefore replace a considerable amount of pastu","a native of Eur & W & C Asia, it now occurs on neglected sites & degraded pastures in most temparate areas of the world; it is common in the British Isles, parts of the Soviet Union, India, Chile, NZ & throughout N Amer, particularly in the Sierra Nevada ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Verbascum,thapsus, Mullein ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Verbascum,thapsus, common mullein,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Verbascum,thapsus, great mullein,Weed Science List
Verbascum,thapsus, common mullein,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbascum,thapsus,common mullein,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Verbascum,virgatum,Twiggy Mullein,HXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbascum,virgatum, Twiggy Mullein,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,12,13,15","Introduced deliberately from: W Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Verbascum,virgatum, Weed Science List
Veronica,acinifolia, V. perpusilla,Central to Southern Europe except Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,acinifolia, V. perpusilla,Central to Southern Europe except Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,agrestis, Field speedwell,"100% germ of seed at once or soon after harvest; seed placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 85% germ in lab at alt. 10-25C & 50% germ at optimum 20C constant",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,agrestis, Green Field Speedwell,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,agrestis, Green Field Speedwell,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,agrestis, field speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,americana, "seeds stored in moist sand at 3C germ 0%, 14%, 71% & 86% after 1, 2, 4 & 6mths storage at 28-29C:8hrs 10-20C:16hrs for 6wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,anagallis-aquatica,Blue Water Speedwell,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,anagallis-aquatica, Blue Water Speedwell,Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Perennial herb). RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,"Euras,Af,N&S Am, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Veronica,anagallis-aquatica, Veronica anagallis,"96% germ of seed at once or soon after harvest; seed placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; seed stored in water at 1-3C or 2, 4, & 7mths germ 0, 71 & & 77% respectively & dry stored seed germ 19, 46 & 78% ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,anagallis-aquatica,syn ,"Long-leaved water speedwell, Water pimpernel","canal banks, moist ground near wells and springs",widespread in temp. & cold regions of the world,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Veronica,anagallis-aquatica, Weed Science List
Veronica,anagalloides, "V. poljensis, V. anagallis-aquatica subsp. anagalloides, V. bianoris, V. pusilla",Mainland Europe except Denmark,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,anagalloides, "V. poljensis, V. anagallis-aquatica subsp. anagalloides, V. bianoris, V. pusilla",Mainland Europe except Denmark,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,arvensis,speedwell,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,arvensis, Corn speedwell,seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest & remainder in following spring ; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 97%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,arvensis, Wall Speedwell,"V. demissa, V. racemifoliata",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,arvensis, Weed Science List
Veronica,arvensis, ,Shimane Upland Japan Miyagi Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Veronica,arvensis, "corn speedwell, wall speedwell, speedwell","Veronica arvensis, a winter annual, found in gardens, lawns, cultivated fields, roadsides and waste areas. It is widely distributed in Europe and N America.V. arvensis is a reported weed in of 17 crops in 43 countries and is a frequently reported weed o","native to Eurasia, but common in temperate and mild-climate regions around the world",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Veronica,arvensis, corn speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,beccabunga, seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest & remainder in following spring ; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 96%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,catenata,Pink Water Speedwell,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,catenata, Pink Water Speedwell,"Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Perennial herb). RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 9,10","Eur,Af,As,N Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Veronica,catenata, Weed Science List
Veronica,chamaedrys, Germander speedwell,"dry stored seed no germ; seed stored at 1-3C in moist sand or peat no germ after 1, 2 or 4mths of storage; after 6mths of moist storage at 3C, 14% germ in sand & 8% in peat",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,chamaedrys, germander speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,chamaepithyoides, V. digitata,Western Medit Regions,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,chamaepithyoides, V. digitata,Western Medit Regions,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,cymbalaria, "V. cuneata, V. glandulifera",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,cymbalaria, "V. cuneata, V. glandulifera",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,filiformis, Creeping speedwell,no seed production; vegetative propagation,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,filiformis, Slender Speedwell,"Scattered UK, Eire, Central Europe to S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,filiformis, Slender Speedwell,"Scattered UK, Eire, Central Europe to S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,filiformis, creeping speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,glauca, "V. chaubardii, V. peloponnesiaca",Greece,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,glauca, "V. chaubardii, V. peloponnesiaca",Greece,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,hederaefolia, Ivyleaf speedwell,seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest & remainder in following spring ; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 90%; 59% germ at optimum constant temp 2-5C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,hederaefolia, ivyleaf speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,hederifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,hederifolia, Ivy Leaved Speedwell,V. lappago,All Europe & Near East,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,hederifolia, Weed Science List
Veronica,longifolia, "germ before storage 24%; germ after storage for 1, 2, 4, or 6mths for dry at 3C-0, 22, 42, & 23%; dry at room temp-0, 23,46 & 23%; moist sand at 3C-0, 72, 63 & 42%; moist peat at 3C-0, 79, 54 & 68%",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,officinalis,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,officinalis, Common speedwell,"germ after storage for 1, 2, 4, or 6mths for dry at 3C & dry at room temp-little or no germ; moist sand at 3C-0, 0, 54, 87%; moist peat at 3C-0, 22, 29 & 77%; seed placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those pervailing outdoors; germ 100%",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,officinalis, common speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,opaca, "Mainland Europe & Scandinavia, except SW France Spain & Portugal",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,opaca, "Mainland Europe & Scandinavia, except SW France Spain & Portugal",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,peregrina,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,peregrina, Purslane speedwell,"germ after storage for 1, 2, 4, or 6mths for dry at 3C-0, 16, 88, 23% & dry at room temp-4, 95, 22, & 6%; moist sand at 3C-18, 77, 18 & 10%; moist peat at 3C-6, 60, 32 & 11% at 28-29C:8hrs, 10-20C:16hrs for 6wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,peregrina, American Speedwell,"Scattered UK, Eire, Norway & Sweden, Central to Western Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,peregrina, Weed Science List
Veronica,peregrina, purslane speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,persica,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,persica, Birdseye speedwell,"germ after storage for 1, 2, 4, or 6mths for dry at 3C-0, 13, 22, 22% & dry at room temp-0, 12, 13, & 19%; moist sand at 3C-0, 3, 33 & 41%; moist peat at 3C-0, 6, 31 & 59% at 28-29C:8hrs, 10-20C:16hrs for 6wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,persica, Common Field Speedwell,"V. tounefortii, V. buxbaumii, V. byzantina",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,persica, Weed Science List
Veronica,persica, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Veronica,persica, "Persian speedwell, common field speedwell, scrambling speedwell","Veronica persica, a winter annual, found in gardens, lawns, cultivated fields, roadsides and waste areas. It is widely distributed in Europe and N America.V. persica is a reported weed in of 27 crops in 45 countries and is a frequently reported weed of","native to Eurasia, but common in temperate and mild-climate regions around the world",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Veronica,persica, birdseye speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,phyllostachya, Weed Science List
Veronica,polita, Grey Speedwell,V. didyma,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,polita, Grey Speedwell,V. didyma,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,polita, wayside speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,praecox, Breckland Speedwell,Mainland Europe & S Sweden except NE,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,praecox, Breckland Speedwell,Mainland Europe & S Sweden except NE,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,scutellata,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,scutellata, "Region of origin - N Amer, Eur, Asia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Veronica,scutellata, "seeds dry stored for 6mths at 3C germ 10%, dry stored at room temp 10%, stored in moist sand at 3C -40% & stored in moist peat at 3C-28% at 28-29C:8hrs, 10-20C:16hrs for 6wks; seed stored 1, 2, & 4 mths poor germ under above conditions",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,serphyllifolia, Thymeleaf speedwell,"germ before storage 30%; germ after storage for 1, 2, 4, or 6mths for dry at 3C-33,40,88,& 1%; dry at room temp-14,37,43 & 5%; moist sand at 3C-17,48,29 & 24%; moist peat at 3C-53,31,41,& 8% at 28-29C:8hrs, 10-20C:16hrs in 6wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,serpyllifolia,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Veronica,serpyllifolia, thymeleaf speedwell,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Veronica,spicata, "germ before storage 20%; germ after storage for 1, 2, 4, or 6mths for dry at 3C-0,8,8,& 16%; dry at room temp-0,4,12& 4%; moist sand at 3C-20,84,56 & 63%; moist peat at 3C-4,48,20& 52% at 28-29C:8hrs, 10-20C:16hrs in 6wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,sublobata, Subspp. of V. hederifolia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,sublobata, Subspp. of V. hederifolia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,triloba, Subspp. of V. hederifolia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,triloba, Subspp. of V. hederifolia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,triphyllos, 56% germ at alt. 10-25C & no germ at any constant temps from 2-5 to 40C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Veronica,triphyllos, Fingered Speedwell,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,triphyllos, Fingered Speedwell,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,verna, Spring Speedwell,V. brevistyla,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,verna, Spring Speedwell,V. brevistyla,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Veronica,virginica, 44% germ in 28days at 20-25C in diffuse light & 32% in 48 days in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Zaluzianskya,divaricata,Spreading Night-phlox,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Zaluzianskya,divaricata, Spreading Night-phlox,Dispersal: ?animal external. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,"S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Zaluzianskya,divaricata, Weed Science List
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella,kraussiana, Weed Science List
Selaginella,kraussiana,garden selaginella,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Selaginella,kraussiana, Garden Selaginella,"Dispersal: Water,?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,8","Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Selaginella,plana,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Selaginella,umbrosa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Selaginella,vogellii,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Selaginella,willdenovii,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Ailanthus,altissima,"Ailanthus glandulosa, Toxicodendron altissimum","tree of heaven, copal tree, varnish tree",XHXXXH,NL,NSW; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus,altissima, Tree Of Heaven ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Ailanthus,altissima," Ailanthus glandulosa, Toxicodendron altissimum","tree of heaven, copal tree, varnish tree","it is well equipped to survive in harsh urban environments & is seen growing in many of the world's citites in niches in broken brickwork, in dirt filled gutters & on any miniscule pockets of soil left in inner city areas; its large leaves carry out photo",native of E Asia; introd to France & England as an ornamental & to Philadelphia in the US in 1784 & promoted by the nursery trade for growing in cities because of its ability to thrive on poor soils & tolerate smoke & grime; also planted in parts of N Ame,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Ailanthus,altissima, Tree of heaven ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Ailanthus,altissima, tree-of-heaven,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Ailanthus,altissima, hemelboom,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, roadsides, rivers, in cool, moist regionsCultivated for: ornament, shelter",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Ailanthus,altissima, hemelboom,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, roadsides, rivers, in cool, moist regionsCultivated for: ornament, shelter",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Ailanthus,altissima, Tree of heaven,Weed Science List
Ailanthus,altissima, tree-of-heaven,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ailanthus,altissima,tree of heaven,RANK 1. "SEVERE THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Ailanthus,altissima , Tree-of-heaven,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,8 ","Introduced deliberately from: Ch, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Solanaceae
Atropa,acuminata, "dormancy broken with 40sec H2SO4 treatment, 4-5hrs washing in running water; take up to 39 days to germ after treatment",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Atropa,belladonna, "75 sec H2SO4 treatment; up to 41 days to germ; 80% germ in pots with 18hrs in 50ppm soln of GA, then dusted with fungicide before sowing, germ in about 3wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Browallia,americana,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Brugmansia,X candida,(Datura candida),N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Calibrachoa,parviflora,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Capsicum,annuum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Capsicum,annuum, Weed Science List
Capsicum,frutescens,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Capsicum,frutescens, Weed Science List
Cestrum,aurantiacum,orange flowering jassamine,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cestrum,aurantiacum, yellow or orange cestrum,"Declared Weed. Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, savanna, plantations, wooded kloofsCultivated for: ornament, hedging",Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cestrum,aurantiacum, yellow or orange cestrum,"Declared Weed. Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, savanna, plantations, wooded kloofsCultivated for: ornament, hedging",Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cestrum,aurantiacum, Weed Science List
Cestrum,diurnum,day jasmine,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Cestrum,diurnum, day jassamine,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Cestrum,diurnum, dayblooming jessamine,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Cestrum,elegans,cestrum,HS,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cestrum,elegans, Cestrum,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,?Water. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8,","Introduced deliberately from: Mex and Commercially Available, In Victoria: ?Rare or localised, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Cestrum,elegans, Red Cestrum ,Major WeedTREES.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Cestrum,laevigatum, inkberry,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration.Woody SpeciesInvades: forests, savanna, grassland, plantations, rivers, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament, hedging",Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cestrum,laevigatum, inkberry,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration.Woody SpeciesInvades: forests, savanna, grassland, plantations, rivers, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament, hedging",Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Cestrum,nocturnum,night flowering jassamine,XX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cestrum,nocturnum, Region of origin - C Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Cestrum,parqui,"green cestrum, Chilean cestrum, green poison-berry, willow-leaved jessamine",HXw,NLP,NSW; Vic; Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Cestrum,parqui, "green cestrum, Chilean cestrum, green poison-berry, willow-leaved jessamine","it is no doubt an attractive garden plant but grows vigorously when neglected & is toxic to animals including cattle, sheep, horses, pigs & poultry; two alkaloids, parquine & solasonine, have been isolated & it is thought, but not confirmed, that these ac","originated in Chile & Peru & is one of the few S Amer plants to become a weed in Aust; it is an attractive ornamental which was introduced to several countries as a garden species, but it has become weedy in a few including S Afr, NZ, the US & Aust; it is","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Cestrum,parqui, "green cestrum, Chilean cestrum",Weed Science List
Cestrum,parqui, willowleaf jessamine,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Cestrum,parqui, "green cestrum, Chilean cestrum",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Chamaesaracha,coronopus, small groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Cyphomandra,betacea,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,arborea,angel's trumpet,NLP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,arborea, angel's trumpet,Weed Science List
Datura,arborea, angel's trumpet,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,candida,angel's trumpet,NLP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,candida, angel's trumpet,Weed Science List
Datura,candida, angel's trumpet,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,cornigera,thorn apple,NLP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,cornigera, thorn apple,Weed Science List
Datura,cornigera, thorn apple,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,discolor, desert thornapple,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Datura,ferox,fierce or longspine thornapple,NL,Vic; Qld; NT; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,ferox, fierce or longspine thornapple,"thornapples are widespread throughout Aust, occurring in all States but are of most imprt in NSW & Qld where they compete with many crops, they occur throughout NSW particularly in the north, through Qld mostly in the south east & central highlands & in V",originated in China,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Datura,ferox, fierce or longspine thornapple, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Datura,ferox, fierce or longspine thornapple,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,inoxia,syn ,Downy thorn apple,cultivated and waste groundPlant is poisonous,"SW USA, Mexico; introduced into the Old World","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Datura,inoxia,downy thornapple,XX,L,Vic; NT; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,inoxia, downy thornapple,"thornapples are widespread throughout Aust, occurring in all States but are of most imprt in NSW & Qld where they compete with many crops, they occur throughout NSW particularly in the north, through Qld mostly in the south east & central highlands & in V","native of Mexico, the West Indies & S Amer ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Datura,inoxia, downy thornapple, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Datura,inoxia, downy thornapple,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,leichhardtii,native thornapple,H,L,Vic; NT; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,leichhardtii, native thornapple,"thornapples are widespread throughout Aust, occurring in all States but are of most imprt in NSW & Qld where they compete with many crops, they occur throughout NSW particularly in the north, through Qld mostly in the south east & central highlands & in V",is believed to be native to the dry parts of Aust,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Datura,leichhardtii, native thornapple, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Datura,leichhardtii, native thornapple,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,metel,hoary or Hindu thornapple,NL,Vic; NT; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,metel, hoary or Hindu thornapple,"thornapples are widespread throughout Aust, occurring in all States but are of most imprt in NSW & Qld where they compete with many crops, they occur throughout NSW particularly in the north, through Qld mostly in the south east & central highlands & in V",native from Asia,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Datura,metel, hoary or Hindu thornapple, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Datura,metel, Hindu datura,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Datura,metel, hoary or Hindu thornapple,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,meteloides, thornapple,L,Qld; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,meteloides, Weed Science List
Datura,meteloides, sacred datura,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Datura,spp., thornapple, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Datura,stramonium,common thornapple,XX,NL,Vic; Qld; NT; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,stramonium, Common Thorn-apple,"Dispersal: ?animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8","Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Datura,stramonium, Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,"Florida Weeds, FAIRS."
Datura,stramonium, Jimson weed,"germ depends on age of seed; 90% germ at alt. temp of 20-30C in dark, 86% with alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Datura,stramonium, Thorn Apple,"D. tatula, D. bertolonii",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Datura,stramonium, Jimsonweed ,atrazine 1992 USA Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Datura,stramonium, Jimsonweed ,atrazine 1995 Chile , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Datura,stramonium, common thornapple,"all parts of the plant, particularly seeds, are poisonous & several children are known to have died in the early days of Aust settlement after eating seeds of D. stramonium; adult fatalities are not known in Aust; the toxic principles are several alkaloid","of uncertain origin but is possibly from the tropical regions of Central & South Amer; thornapples now occur in most temperate, subtropical, & tropical countries of the world & are major weeds in many summer crops, particularly cotton, soybeans, peanuts, ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Datura,stramonium,syn ,"Jimson weed, Common thorn apple","waste ground, roadsides, orchards, fieldsPlant is toxic. Tincture of leaves is prescribed for spasmodic coughs & asthma; leaves used in fumigations & in cigarettes to ease asthma attacks",N Amer; widely naturalised throughout the world,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Datura,stramonium, common thornapple, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Datura,stramonium, var. chalybaea,"thorn apple, jimsonweed, purple thorn apple","Datura stramonium is a tall, erect, rank-smelling annual herb. The species is becoming increasingly troublesome as a weed. It is in more than 40 crops and is now a weed in almost 100 countries, making it more widespread than Cyperus rotundus, the world's ",very widely distributed the temperate and tropical areas.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Datura,stramonium, jimsonweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Datura,stramonium, common thornapple,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura,tatula, thornapple,L,Qld; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,wrightii,hairy thornapple,L,Vic; NT; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Datura,wrightii, hairy thornapple,"thornapples are widespread throughout Aust, occurring in all States but are of most imprt in NSW & Qld where they compete with many crops, they occur throughout NSW particularly in the north, through Qld mostly in the south east & central highlands & in V",originated in Mexico & the southern US,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Datura,wrightii, hairy thornapple, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Datura,wrightii, hairy thornapple,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Datura ,ferox, large thorn apple,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: wasteland, cultivated lands, roadsides, riverbanks, riverbeds",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Datura ,ferox, large thorn apple,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: wasteland, cultivated lands, roadsides, riverbanks, riverbeds",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Datura ,inoxa, downy thorn apple,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: roadsides, riverbeds, edges of damsCultivated for: ornamental","Origin: C & S Amer, W Indies",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Datura ,inoxa, downy thorn apple,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: roadsides, riverbeds, edges of damsCultivated for: ornamental","Origin: C & S Amer, W Indies",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Datura ,stramonium, common thorn apple,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: wasteland, cultivated lands, roadsides, riverbanks, riverbeds","Origin: uncertain, probably tropical C & S Amer",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Datura ,stramonium, common thorn apple,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: wasteland, cultivated lands, roadsides, riverbanks, riverbeds","Origin: uncertain, probably tropical C & S Amer",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hyoscyamus,agrestis, "presoak for 2days in 0.03% soln of GA, then germ on moistened filter paper; germ at 20-25C in dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Hyoscyamus,albus,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Hyoscyamus,albus, White Henbane,"H. aureus, H. varians",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Hyoscyamus,albus, Weed Science List
Hyoscyamus,muticus, reported in French on seed dormancy,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Hyoscyamus,niger, ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Hyoscyamus,niger,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Hyoscyamus,niger, Black Henbane ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Hyoscyamus,niger, Black henbane,"pretreat with conc. sulfuric acid for 75 sec, wash in running water 4-5hrs; germ in 43days",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Hyoscyamus,niger, Henbane,"H. bohemicus, H. auriculatus, H. pallidus",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Hyoscyamus,niger, henbane,Weed Science List
Hyoscyamus,niger, black henbane,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Jaborosa,runcinata, Weed Science List
Jaborosa,runcinata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Latua,pubiflora, "Latua pubiflora is listed in the USA as X - present as weed (the species is present & behaves as a aweed, but its rank of importance is unknown)",Holm et al 'A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds'
Lycianthes,asarifolia, P,"This plant was sent to me from Houston Texas - As a weed that home owners want to kill because it is so aggressive. They said, ""What is thisweed? and How do we get rid of it?"". It grows trailing on the ground on a stem rooting at the nodes (like a sto",Western Australian Prohibited List
Lycium,afrum,Kaffir boxthorn,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lycium,barbarum,Chinese boxthorn,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lycium,barbarum, Weed Science List
Lycium,ferocissimum,"African boxthorn, boxthorn",HHXXXXHX,NL,NSW; Vic; Qld; SA; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lycium,ferocissimum, African Box-thorn,"Dispersal: ?Bird, internal,?Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,12","Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Lycium,ferocissimum, "African boxthorn, boxthorn","it makes an effective hedge plant, producing a dense thicket armed with sharp spines which forms an impenetrable barrier to farm animals including poultry; it also provides an effective windbreak; when clipped it is still capable of producing flowers & se",is a native to the southern coast of Afr; it has not been widely distributed throughout the world & is considered troublesome only in Aust & NZ,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Lycium,ferocissimum, African boxthorn ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
Lycium,ferocissimum, "African boxthorn, boxthorn",Weed Science List
Lycium,ferocissimum, "African boxthorn, boxthorn",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Lycium,halimifolium, matrimonyvine,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Lycopersicon,esculentum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Nicandra,physalodes,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Nicandra,physalodes, Apple-of-Peru,"55% germ of seed pretreated with conc. sulfuric acid for 15min, then sown in greenhouse",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Nicandra,physalodes, Weed Science List
Nicandra,physalodes, "apple of Peru, Peru apple, Chinese lantern, wild gooseberry","Nicandra physalodes is an erect, branched annual which can grow to 2m and is mainly a weed of arable land, is in 35 crops of 35 countries.",world wide,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Nicotiana,glauca,tree tobacco,HXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Nicotiana,glauca, Tree Tabacco ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Nicotiana,glauca, Tree Tobacco,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,3,4,12","Introduced deliberately from: Arg, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Nicotiana,glauca, tree tobacco,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Nicotiana,glauca, wild tobacco,"Proposed Declared Weed. Woody SpeciesInvades: roadsides, road cuttings, wastelands, riverbanks, riverbedsCultivated for: ornament",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Nicotiana,glauca, wild tobacco,"Proposed Declared Weed. Woody SpeciesInvades: roadsides, road cuttings, wastelands, riverbanks, riverbedsCultivated for: ornament",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Nicotiana,glauca, Weed Science List
Nicotiana,glauca, tree tobacco,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Nicotiana,tabacum,tobacco,NL,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Nicotiana,tabacum, tobacco,"tobacco seed is normally sown in beds in August, the seedlings planted out in November, & the crop harvested in February; if mature plants were allowed to survive through winter, or if seedlings survived through summer, they could carry diseases from one ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Nicotiana,tabacum, tobacco,Weed Science List
Nicotiana,trigonophylla, desert tobacco,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Nierembergia,hippomanica,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Nierembergia,hippomanica, Weed Science List
Petunia,axillaris,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Petunia,parviflora, Weed Science List
Physalis,alkekengi,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,alkekengi, Chinese lantern plant,seeds germ in 1st spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 92% germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Physalis,alkekengi, Chinese lanternplant,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,angulata, wild cape gooseberry,", pasture, roadsides",Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Physalis,angulata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,angulata, Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,"Florida Weeds, FAIRS."
Physalis,angulata,syn Physalis peruviana,"sunny to somewhat shaded, not toodry fertile spots in fields, gardens, wastelands, dunes, fallow fields, along roads, in open forests, forest margins; from 0-1500m alt; flowers all the year round; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","S Amer, pantropical; throughout Indonesia,except Sulawesi & Irian Jaya,as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Physalis,angulata, "annual groundcherry, wild cape gooseberry, wild gooseberry, wild physalis, cutleaf groundcherry","Physalis angulata is a weed of 29 tropical and subtropical crops in 63 countries and is frequently reported as a weed of summer annual and perennial plantation crops. It infests primarily annual crops but also occurs in orchard, nurseries, fallow land, r",native to tropical America;widely distributed tropical and subtropical weed,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Physalis,heterophylla, clammy groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,ixocarpa,Ground cherry,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,ixocarpa, Ground cherry,Weed Science List
Physalis,ixocarpa, tomatillo groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,ixocarpa, Ground cherry,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Physalis,lanceifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,lanceifolia, Weed Science List
Physalis,lobata, purpleflower groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,longifolia, Longleaf groundcherry,"fresh berry has inhibitor, removed by separating seed from berry & washing; 91% germ on 0.2% soln of KNO3 moistened soil & exposed to daylight, after 6wks dry storage in lab",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Physalis,longifolia, longleaf groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,minima,"pygmy groundcherry, native gooseberry",HX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,peruviana,Cape gooseberry,HXXH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,peruviana, Cape Gooseberry,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,8,13","Introduced deliberately from: S Am and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Physalis,peruviana, Weed Science List
Physalis,peruviana, Peruvian groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,philadelphica,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,philadelphica, Weed Science List
Physalis,pubescens,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,pubescens, Downy groundcherry,germ on 2 thicknesses of blotter moistened with 0.2% soln of KNO3 with alt. temp of 20C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Physalis,pubescens, Weed Science List
Physalis,pubescens, downy groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,subglabrata, Smooth groundcherry,96% germ at alt. temp 20-30C in dark & 76% with alt. light/dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Physalis,subglabrata, smooth groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Physalis,virginiana,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,virginiana, Smooth Groundcherry ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Physalis,virginiana, germ on 2 thicknesses of blotter moistened with 0.2% soln of KNO3 with alt. temp of 20C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Physalis,virginiana, Weed Science List
Physalis,viscosa,Physalis lanceolata,"ground cherry, tomato weed, sticky cape gooseberry, stricky ground cherry, sticky physalis, prairies ground cherry",LP,Vic; NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Physalis,viscosa, Grape Groundcherry ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Physalis,viscosa, Physalis lanceolata,"praire ground cherry, tomato weed, sticky cape gooseberry, sticky gooseberry, stricky ground cherry, sticky physalis, wild gooseberry, wild tomato","prairie ground cherry, as with several other members of the Physalis (cape gooseberry) genus, produce a fruit valued for jam making & in cooking; the weed has been used for this purpose in Vic & it is believed that commerical plantings were made in SA at ", & Uruguay,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Physalis,viscosa, "prairie ground cherry, tomato weed",Weed Science List
Physalis,viscosa, "prairie ground cherry, tomato weed",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Physalis,wrightii, Wright groundcherry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Salpichroa,origanifolia,"Atropa origanifolia, Atropa rhomboidea, Physalis origanifolia, Salpichroa rhomboidea, Withania origanifolia","pampas lily-of-the-valley, lily-of-the-valley vine",H,L,Vic; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Salpichroa,origanifolia, Pampas Lily-of-the-Valley,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Rhizomatous geophyte. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,5,6,8","Introduced deliberately from: S Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Salpichroa,origanifolia," Atropa origanifolia, Atropa rhomboidea, Physalis origanifolia, Salpichroa rhomboidea, Withania origanifolia","pampas lily-of-the-valley, lily-of-the-valley vine","it occurs in all Aust States except the NT; it occurs but is not imprt in NSW, it is established in SA in gardens & neglected areas of Adelaide & country towns & also occurs in some orange groves along the Murray River; it was originally planted commercia","originates in the temperate areas of S Amer & is considered to be a weed in Argentina, Brazil & Uruguay; it has spread to several other countries & whilst not becoming a major agricultural weed, is troublesome in urban areas where it competes with more de","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Salpichroa,origanifolia, pampas lily-of-the-valley,Weed Science List
Schwenkia,americana, Weed Science List
Schwenkia,americana, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Sessea,brasiliensis, Weed Science List
Sessea,brasiliensis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,abutiloides,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,abutiloides, "Region of origin - NW Argentina, S Bolivia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - botanic garden",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Solanum,abutiloides, Weed Science List
Solanum,aculeatissimum, soda-apple nightshade,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,alatum, Weed Science List
Solanum,alatum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,americanum,Glossy Nightshade,XXH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,americanum, Glossy Nightshade,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,6,8","cosmopolitan, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Solanum,americanum, American black nightshade ,paraquat 1985 USA Tomatoes , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,americanum, Weed Science List
Solanum,americanum (=S. nigrum), "black nightshade, glossy nightshade",", vegetables",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia;Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Solanum,aviculare,Kangaroo apple,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,aviculare, Weed Science List
Solanum,betaceum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,capsicoides,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,capsicoides, Weed Science List
Solanum,cardiophyllum, Heartleaf Nightshade ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Solanum,carolinense, Carolina Horsenttle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Solanum,carolinense, Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,"Florida Weeds, FAIRS."
Solanum,carolinense, Horse nettle,87% germ at alt. 20-35C & 84% at alt. 20-30C; 0.2% soln of KNO3 as substratum inc. germ; vegetative propagation by root cuttings,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Solanum,carolinense, horsenettle,syn. of Solanum dimidiatum,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,carolinense, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,chenopodiodes, Weed Science List
Solanum,chenopodioides,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,chrysocarpum,syn S. hispidum,syn. of Solanum hispidumNot naturalised in W.A.,52,Weed
Solanum,chrysocarpum, "syn. S. hispidum, giant devils fig",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,cinereum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,cyananthum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,dimidiatum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,dimidiatum, Torrey's Nightshade ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Solanum,dimidiatum, Syn. Solanum carolinense,Weed Science List
Solanum,diphyllum,twinleaf nightshade,"Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. ",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Solanum,douglasii,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,dubium, Weed Science List
Solanum,dubium, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,dulcamara,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,dulcamara, Bitter nightshade,96% germ in 13days in dark at alt. 20-30C & 92% in 5days in diffuse light; 0.03% & 0.005% GA used as substratum 93 & 85% respectively in 33days,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Solanum,dulcamara, Woody Nightshade,"S. littorale, S. depilatum",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Solanum,dulcamara, Bittersweet nightshade ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Solanum,dulcamara, bittersweet,Weed Science List
Solanum,dulcamara, bitter nightshade,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,dulcamara,bittersweet,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Solanum,elaeagnifolium,"silverleaf nightshade, white horsenettle, bitter apple, silver leaf, silverleaf bitter apple, silver-leaf nettle, tomato weed",Xx,L,NSW; Vic; SA; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, White Horsenettle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, "silverleaf nightshade, white horsenettle, bitter apple, silver leaf, silverleaf bitter apple, silver-leaf nettle, tomato weed","it competes directly with summer-growing crops & pastures, & reduces production of winter crops such as cereals because of the depletion of nutrients & moisture from the soil in the previous summer; also allelopathic effects have been demonstrated in cott","the native range of silverleaf nightshade is from central & south-western N Amer to temperate S Amer; it has been introd to many temperate areas of the world & is considered a weed in several; it is particularly troublesome in parts of its native range, e","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, silver-leaf bitter apple,"Declared Weed. Subject of biocontrol investigationsHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, grazing camps, roadsides, water furrows","Origin: N, C & S Amer",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, silver-leaf bitter apple,"Declared Weed. Subject of biocontrol investigationsHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, grazing camps, roadsides, water furrows","Origin: N, C & S Amer",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, Silverleaf nightshade N ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies) Roadside control cost to be ","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, "silverlead nightshade, white horsenettle", Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, silverleaf nightshade,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,elaeagnifolium, "silverlead nightshade, white horsenettle",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,eleagnifolium, Silverleaf nightshade ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Solanum,erianthum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,erianthum, Weed Science List
Solanum,ferox, Weed Science List
Solanum,furcatum,Nightshade,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,furcatum, Nightshade,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Small to medium shrubs. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1","S Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Solanum,glaucum, Weed Science List
Solanum,glaucum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,gracile, Weed Science List
Solanum,gracile, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,grossedentatum, Weed Science List
Solanum,grossedentatum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,hermannii, Weed Science List
Solanum,hispidum,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,hispidum, syn. of Solanum chrysocarpum,Weed Science List
Solanum,hoplopetalum,"Afghan thistle, porcupine solanum, prickly potato weed",L,WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,hoplopetalum, "Afghan thistle, porcupine solanum, prickly potato weed","spring-summer growing plant usually not a significant weed of winter cereals & pastures but have a nuisance value because of their prickly habit; occasionally, individual dense patches may interfere with crop harvest & reduce grazing area",occurs in WA & SA,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Solanum,hoplopetalum, Afghan thistle,Weed Science List
Solanum,hystrix,"Afghan thistle, porcupine solanum, prickly potato weed",X,L,WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,hystrix, "Afghan thistle, porcupine solanum, prickly potato weed","spring-summer growing plant usually not a significant weed of winter cereals & pastures but have a nuisance value because of their prickly habit; occasionally, individual dense patches may interfere with crop harvest & reduce grazing area",occurs in WA & SA,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Solanum,hystrix, Afghan thistle,Weed Science List
Solanum,hystrix, Afghan thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,jamaicense,Jamiaca nightshade,"Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. ",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Solanum,jasminioides, Weed Science List
Solanum,jasminoides,"jasmine nightshade, potato vine",X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,laciniatum,Solanum aviculare?,Poroporo,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,lanceolatum, Lanceleaf Nightshade ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Solanum,linnaeanum,"Solanum hermanii, Solanum sodomeum","apple of Sodom, bitter apple, poison apple",XXXH,L,Vic; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,linnaeanum, Apple of Sodom,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,12","Introduced deliberately from: S Af,Med, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Solanum,linnaeanum," Solanum hermanii, Solanum sodomeum","apple of Sodom, bitter apple, poison apple","the fruit is poisonous due to the presence of glycoalkaloids including solasonine, solasodine, & solasodamine but has not been a problem in Aust because it is not consumed by animals or humans; the foliage is not eaten by stock because of its prickly natu","originated in the Medit region & southern Afr & although distributed to several temperate areas of the world, it has become weedy in only a few; it occurs on roadsides & in bushland in S Afr, is listed as a weed in Morocco & is troublesome in Hawaii; it o","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Solanum,linnaeanum,syn. S. hermannii,Afghan thistle, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Solanum,luteum, "All Europe except Eire & Finland, less in Northern Europe & Scandinavia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Solanum,luteum, "All Europe except Eire & Finland, less in Northern Europe & Scandinavia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Solanum,marginatum,white-edged nightshade,LP,Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,marginatum, White-magined Nightshade ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Solanum,marginatum, white-edged nightshade,"the fruit is not particularly attractive to birds or other animals; spread occurs mainly as movement of the fruit in water flowing over the soil surface, or when soil contaminated with seeds is moved during garden development or in roadmaking; from time t","This native of north east Afr has spread, as an ornamental to most countries of the warmer regionsin Aust it is naturalised but not common in the south-central district & near Colac in Vic, near Morphett Vale & Nuriootpa in SA & ont the north & east coas","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Solanum,marginatum, white-edged nightshade,Weed Science List
Solanum,marginatum, white-edged nightshade,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,mauritianum, wild tobacco tree,", ",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Solomon Islands; Tonga ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Solanum,mauritianum,Tobacco Nightshade,HXXXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,mauritianum, Tobacco Nightshade,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub/Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,6,7","Introduced deliberately from: S Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Solanum,mauritianum, Tobacco Bush ,Major WeedSHRUBS.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Solanum,mauritianum, bugweed,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, plantations, wooded kloofs, roadsides, wasteland, watercourses, urban open spaceCultivated for: ornament",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,mauritianum, bugweed,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, plantations, wooded kloofs, roadsides, wasteland, watercourses, urban open spaceCultivated for: ornament",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,mauritianum, Tobacco Bush ,Major WeedTrees/Shrubs.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Solanum,mauritianum, Weed Science List
Solanum,nigrum,black nightshade,HXXXH,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1-9,12,13","Introduced deliberately from: cosmopolitan, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Solanum,nigrum, Black nightshade,seeds germ in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 99%; seeds viable for up to 9yrs if stored dry at room temp,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,paraquat 1990 Malaysia Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,atrazine 1980 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,"atrazine 1981 Belgium Corn, Roadsides ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,atrazine 1981 The NetherlandsCorn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,atrazine 1987 Spain Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,atrazine 1995 Italy , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,atrazine 1995 Poland Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,simazine 1983 United Kingdom Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,triazines 1979 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum, Black Nightshade,"triazines 1983 Switzerland Cropland, Pasture ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Solanum,nigrum,syn ,Black nightshade,"fields, orchards, gardens, canal banks, waste ground""Fruit is poisonous if eaten by children, especially when unripe, foilage is also harmful if grazed by livestock. """,cosmopolitan,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Solanum,nigrum, Weed Science List
Solanum,nigrum, black nightshade,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,palitans, Weed Science List
Solanum,photeinocarpum, Weeds of sown grassland annual sub-dominance , Hokkaido ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Solanum,physalifolium,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,pseudocapsicum,Madeira winter cherry,HX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,pseudocapsicum, Madeira Winter Cherry,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,8,13","Introduced deliberately from: S Am and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Solanum,pseudocapsicum, Weed Science List
Solanum,radicans,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,retroflexum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,retroflexum, Weed Science List
Solanum,rostratum,Solanum cornutum,"buffalo burr, beaked nightshade, bitterapple, buffalo bitter apple, pincushion nightshade, prickly nightshade, sandbur",L,NSW; Vic; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,rostratum, Buffalo bur,germ seed on filter paper moistened with 0.03% GA in petri dishes at 20-25C in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Solanum,rostratum, Solanum cornutum,"buffalo burr, beaked nightshade, bitterapple, buffalo bitter apple, pincushion nightshade, prickly nightshade, sandbur","buffalo burr is poisonous & overseas, there have been fatalities in children after eating the fruit; stock losses are rare becasue the plant's prickly nature deters grazing animals but there are records of pig deaths after eating the fruit; the plant caus","the native range of buffalo burr includes Mexico & the southern US; it is somewhat weedy on neglected sites & in pastures & agricultural crops, including cotton, in part of this range & in adjoining areas including the west coast of the US & the States of","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Solanum,rostratum, buffalo burr,Weed Science List
Solanum,rostratum, buffalobur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,sarrachoides, Green Nightshade,S. nitidibaccatum,Scattered UK & NW Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Solanum,sarrachoides, NOTE: Most Australian finds of this species are likely to be S. physalifolium Rusby var nitidibaccatum,Weed Science List
Solanum,seaforthianum,Brazilian nightshade,XX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,seaforthianum, Climbing Nightshade ,VINES.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Solanum,seaforthianum, potato creeper,"Proposed Declared Weed.Woody SpeciesInvades: woodland, bush clumps. Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,seaforthianum, potato creeper,"Proposed Declared Weed.Woody SpeciesInvades: woodland, bush clumps. Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,seaforthianum, Climbing Nightshade ,Vines.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Solanum,seaforthianum, Weed Science List
Solanum,sisymbriifolium,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,sisymbriifolium, dense-thorned bitter apple,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: grassland, fynbos, forest margins, plantationsCultivated for: edible fruit",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,sisymbriifolium, dense-thorned bitter apple,"Declared Weed. Subject of biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: wasteland, roadsides, tramped-out veldCultivated for: ",Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,sisymbriifolium, dense-thorned bitter apple,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: grassland, fynbos, forest margins, plantationsCultivated for: edible fruit",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,sisymbriifolium, dense-thorned bitter apple,"Declared Weed. Subject of biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: wasteland, roadsides, tramped-out veldCultivated for: ",Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Solanum,sisymbriifolium, Note Comments in Keighery List entry.,Weed Science List
Solanum,sodomaeum,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,sodomeum, apple-of-sodom nightshade,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
Solanum,superficiens, Weed Science List
Solanum,tampicense, "aquatic soda apple, nightshade",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Solanum,tampicense, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,tampicense,aquatic soda apple,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Solanum,tervum, terongan,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,torvum, "prickly solanum, devil's fig",", plantations, pastures, roadsides",Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Solanum,torvum,Devil's fig,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,torvum, turkey berry,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Solanum,torvum, Weed Science List
Solanum,torvum*,turkey berry,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*N =Noxious weed as l",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Solanum,triflorum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,triflorum, Weed Science List
Solanum,triflorum, cutleaf nightshade,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,tuberosum, Weed Science List
Solanum,viarum, "tropical soda apple, tropical nightshade",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Solanum,viarum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum,viarum,tropical soda apple,RANK 1. "SEVERE THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Solanum,viarum*,tropical soda apple,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*N =Noxious weed as ",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Solanum,villosum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,villosum, Weed Science List
Solanum,villosum, hairy nightshade,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Solanum,xanthocarpum,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Solanum,xanthocarpum, Weed Science List
Solanum,xanthocarpum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Solanum ,triflorum, Cutleaf nightshade,"4% germ at 20C in dark & none with 15C with alt. light/dark; 1000 seeds sown in field in late autumn, over 500 germ next spring; some seed from original planting persisted in soil & produced seedlings for up to 5yrs",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Withania,somnifera,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Withania,somnifera,syn Physalis somnifera,Clustered withania,"waste ground""Plant is a narcotic & anti-epileptic. Used for stomachaces, ulcers, & colds; roots are calmative & used in treatments of rheumatic pains; leaves & fruits are febrifuge, diuretic; seeds are toxic, emetic & anesthetic""","Medit, W Asia to India, trop. & subtrop. regions of the Old World","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Withania,somnifera, Weed Science List
Sparganiaceae
Sparganium,americanum, Three square burreed,"only 6-9% germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths, then germ in water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench; no germ after 2,5,&7mths of dry stored seeds; seeds with pericarp removed after 6mths dry storage 40% germ; 80-90% for 5yr old seed",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Sparganium,americanum, threesquare burreed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Sparganium,angustifolium, Narrowleaf burreed,"no germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths, then germ in water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench; no germ after 2,5,&7mths of dry stored seeds; seeds with pericarp removed not reported",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Sparganium,angustifolium, narrowleaf burreed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Sparganium,chlorocarpum, Greenfruit burreed,"no germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths, then germ in water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench; no germ after 2,5,&7mths of dry stored seeds; seeds with pericarp removed not reported; 80-90% for 5yr old seed stored in water at 1-3C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Sparganium,chlorocarpum, greenfruit burreed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Sparganium,erectum,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Sparganium,erectum, Sparganium ramosum,spread by detached corms in winter & rhizomes in summer; seeds germ best if pericarp removed & germ in water,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Sparganium,erectum, Weed Science List
Sparganium,erectum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Sparganium,eurycarpum, Giant burreed,"no germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths, then germ in water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench; no germ after 2,5,&7mths of dry storage; seeds with pericarp removed after 6mths dry storage decayed; 80-90% for 5yr old seed in water at 1-3C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Sparganium,eurycarpum, giant burreed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Sparganium,fluctuans, Water burreed,"no germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths, then germ in water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench; no germ after 2,5,&7mths of dry stored seeds; seeds with pericarp removed not reported",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Sparganium,fluctuans, water burreed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Sphenocleaceae
Sphenoclea,zeylandica, Gooseweed ,"2,4-D 1983 Phillipines Rice ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Sphenoclea,zeylandica, Gooseweed ,"2,4-D 1995 Malaysia Rice ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
Sphenoclea,zeylanica, Weed Science List
Sphenoclea,zeylanica, goose weed, Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Sphenoclea,zeylanica,syn ,"in almost any kind of moist soil; on low riverbanks, along ditches, marshes, dry riverbeds, ponds; up to 300m alt; flowers throughout the year; lowland irrigated & rainfedrice fields; gregarious in the Philippines, a rice crop weed in 17 countries; not kn","tropical Afr, tropical Amer; from Iran to Turkistan, India, Taiwan, Malesia; in Indonesia: so far found in Sumatra, Java, Bali, SW Sulawesi, Timor","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Sphenoclea,zeylanica, gooseweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Sphenoclea,zeylanica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Sterculiaceae
Brachychiton,populneus,kurrajong,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Dombeya,rotundifolia, Weed Science List
Dombeya,rotundifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Firmiana,simplex, Chinese parasoltree,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Guazuma,ulmifolia, Weed Science List
Guazuma,ulmifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Melochia,concatenata, 45% germ of seeds planted in moist sand 2wks after collection,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Melochia,corchorifolia, redwood,perennial sub-dominance , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Melochia,corchorifolia,syn ,"sunny or lightly shaded moist sites, along watercourses, on fallow fields, pastures; from 0-700m alt; flowering throughout the year; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","Malesia, Malesia; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Melochia,corchorifolia, redweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Melochia,pyramidata,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Melochia,pyramidata, Weed Science List
Pentapetes,phoenicea, flor impia, Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Waltheria,americana, Florida waltheria,1% germ of seeds stored in glass vials in lab for 19 or more years,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Waltheria,americana, Florida waltheria,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tamaricaceae
Tamarix,?pentaphylla,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tamarix,aphylla,"Tamarix articulata, Thuja aphylla, Tamarix orientalis","tamarisk, athel pine, athel tree, flowering cypress",HHHw,NLP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tamarix,aphylla, Athel ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Tamarix,aphylla," Tamarix articulata, Thuja aphylla","tamarisk, athel pine, athel tree, flowering cypress","this fast-growing small tree thrives in the open sun, tolerating both alkaline & saline soils; it grows best where there is abundant water but develops satisfactorily even in areas of low & erratic rainfall; the deeply penetrating roots often lower the wa","native of northern Afr, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran & India, tamarisk is commonly associated with oases, their surrounds & ephemeral streams; it was introd to Arizona, USA for use as windbreaks & woodlots in semi-arid areas; since then its use has spread ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Tamarix,aphylla, "tamarisk, athel pine",Weed Science List
Tamarix,aphylla, athel tamarisk,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tamarix,aphylla, "tamarisk, athel pine",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Tamarix,gallica, French tamarisk,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tamarix,indica,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tamarix,pentandra, Tamarix gallica,Salt cedar,"87% germ at temps from 66-110F on wet filter paper within 1wk; light no beneficial effect; seed dry stored with silica gel desiccant for 9mths& held at 38, 48 or 60F, germ 80% ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Tamarix,pentandra, Tamarisk ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Tamarix,pentandra, saltcedar,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tamarix,ramosissima,saltcedar,XXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tamarix,ramosissima, "Region of origin - E Eur to C & E Asia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental Tamarix ramosissima is reported as naturalised in the ""Spence Bridge Education Area, Barmah Forest"" Victoria and 5 km east of Burraboi (near","Tamarix ramosissima is naturalised in the SA Riverland at the Cobdogla Irrigation Area. PhilReddy, one of the Riverland APCB's officers, collected a voucher specimen in December1997 while control work was being carried out as part of a Landcare project",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Tamarix,ramosissima, pink tamarisk,"Woody SpeciesInvades: sandy riverbanks and riverbedsCultivated for: ornament, shade, erosion control; provides honey",Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Tamarix,ramosissima, pink tamarisk,"Woody SpeciesInvades: sandy riverbanks and riverbedsCultivated for: ornament, shade, erosion control; provides honey",Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Tamarix,spp, "Tamarisk, Salt Cedar ","California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Tamarix,spp., tamarisk,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
Tamarix,spp., "salt cedar, tamarisk",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Taxaceae
Taxus,brevifolia, Pacific yew,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Taxus,cuspidata, Japanese yew,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Taxus,floridana, Florida yew,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Torreya,californica, California nutmeg,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Taxodiaceae
Sequoia,sempervirens,G,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Sequoia,sempervirens, redwood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tecophilaeaceae
Cyanella,hyacinthoides,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Theaceae
Camellia,sinensis,tea,S,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Thelypteridaceae
Oreopteris,thelypteris,Syn. Lastrea, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Sphaerostephanos,invisus, ", ",French Polynesia ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Sphaerostephanos,unitus, ", ",Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Thymelaeaceae
Daphne,laureola, Spurge laurel ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Dirca,palustris, leatherwood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Gnidia,squarrosa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Thymelaea,passerina,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Thymelaea,passerina, "Lygia passerina, Passerina annua","Mainland Europe, more in Northern Regions",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Thymelaea,passerina, Weed Science List
Wikstroemia,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
Tiliaceae
Corchorus,aestuans, Corchorus acutangulus,"11% germ in dark on moistened filter paper in petri dishes at room temp; light, wetting/drying the seeds, or mechanical scarification failed to increase germ %",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Corchorus,aestuans, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Corchorus,olitorius,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Corchorus,olitorius, 54% germ of seed planted in moist sand several months after collection; cracking seed coat increased germ %,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Corchorus,olitorius,syn ,"Malta jute, Jew's mallow","fields, roadsides, often escape from cultivation""Popular pot herb in Egypt, especially during summertime. Important source of jute fiber in some countries""",trop. & subtrop. regions of the Old World,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Corchorus,olitorius, Weed Science List
Corchorus,olitorius, "Jew's mallow, tossa jute, wild jute","Corchorus olitorius are widely grown as pot-herbs in the warm regions, and it is biotypes of these plants that have escaped to become weeds in 28 crops in 50 countries.","principally of the Old World , S Asia, the Middle East, N Afri; it is found either as a crop or weed, over most of Afr, and in a broad arc from the eastern half of the Medit area through southern Russia, Iran, India, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, ",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Grewia,asiatica,grewia,S,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Grewia,caffra,"climbing raisin, climbing grewia",S,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Muntingia,calabura,strawberrytree,X,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Muntingia,calabura, Jamaica cherry,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Muntingia,calabura, Weed Science List
Muntingia,calabura, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Tilia,americana, American basswood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tilia,heterophylla, white basswood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Triumfetta,bartramia, Sacramento bur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Triumfetta,cordifolia, Weed Science List
Triumfetta,cordifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Triumfetta,pentandra,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Triumfetta,pilosa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Triumfetta,rhomboidea, "Chinese burr, burr bush",", pasture, plantations, roadsides",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Triumfetta,rhomboidea,Chinese burr,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Triumfetta,rhomboidea, Chinese burr,Weed Science List
Triumfetta,rhomboidea, Chinese burr,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Triumfetta,semitriloba,sacramento burr,L,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tragopogon,Tragopogon,spp., germ between blotters at constant 15C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Trapaceae
Trapa,bicornis, Weed Science List
Trapa,bicornis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Trapa,bispinosa, Weed Science List
Trapa,bispinosa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Trapa,japonica, Waterchestnut," Aquatic weed, free-floating ", Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Trapa,maximowiezii, Weed Science List
Trapa,maximowiezii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Trapa,natans, waterchestnut,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Trapa,natans,water caltrope,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Trapa,natans, Weed Science List
Trapa,natans, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Trapa,natans, Water chestnut,"germ in tap water with diffuse light on greenhouse bench; seeds stored in water at 1-3C germ 0, 17 & 92% after 2, 5, & 7mths storage; seed stored in water at 1-3C for greater than 10mths began to germ while still in cold storage",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Trapa,spp.,water caltrope,NLP,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Trapa,spp., P,Whole genus Prohibited Entry by AQIS,Western Australian Prohibited List
Tropaeolaceae
Tropaeolum,majus,hybrid between T. ferreyrae & Tminor (native of Ecuador & Peru),nasturtium,XXXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tropaeolum,majus, Nasturtium,"Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,6,8","Introduced deliberately from: S Am and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Tropaeolum,majus, Weed Science List
Turneraceae
Turnera,ulmifolia,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Turnera,ulmifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Typhaceae
Typha,angustifolia, "bulrush, cumbungi","Typha angustifolia is a slender perennial and is a widespread and troublesome emergent, aquatic, freshwater weed found throughout the world. It interferes with the use and maintenance of drainage and irrigation canals, and impedes water transport, fishing",widespread,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Typha,angustifolia, narrowleaf cattail,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Typha,domingensis, narrow leaf cumbungi,"native sp. of cumbungi important natural components of wetlands; minor weeds of irrigation channels & ditches; inc. in spread of narrow leaf cumbungi in irrigation areas, grows vigorously in shallow water, seed production high, tolerates wide soil range","native to Aust, range extends through warmer parts of the world","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Typha,domingensis, southern cattail,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Typha,glauca, blue cattail,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Typha,latifolia,"cumbungi, great reedmace",H,L,Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Typha,latifolia, Great Reedmace,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Perennial herb). RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10","tem.N Hem,Af,SAm, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Typha,latifolia, Common cattail,"89% germ in 2days when seed coat ruptured, no germ of intact seeds at 29C in sterile water in dark for 2days then in diffuse light; seed dry stored for 4.5 & 5.5yrs germ 78% & 96% after seed coat broken at alt. 15-20C in water; no germ after 12yrs",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Typha,latifolia, cumbungi,"native sp. of cumbungi important natural components of wetlands; minor weeds of irrigation channels & ditches; inc. in spread of narrow leaf cumbungi in irrigation areas, grows vigorously in shallow water, seed production high, tolerates wide soil range","native of Euro-Asia, N Afr & N Amer regions","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Typha,latifolia, Weed Science List
Typha,latifolia, Cattail," Aquatic weed, emerged ", Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Typha,latifolia, common cattail,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Typha,orientalis,"Typha angustifolia var. muelleri, Typha muelleri",broad leaf cumbungi,H,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Typha,orientalis," Typha angustifolia var. muelleri, Typha muelleri",broad leaf cumbungi,"native sp. of cumbungi important natural components of wetlands; minor weeds of irrigation channels & ditches; inc. in spread of narrow leaf cumbungi in irrigation areas, grows vigorously in shallow water, seed production high, tolerates wide soil range","native to Aust & limited to subtrop & trop distribution being confined to Indo, Malay, Philip, PNG, Aust, NZ & Norfolk Is","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Typha,spp.,cumbungis,XX,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Typha,spp., cumbungis,Weed Science List
Typha,spp., cumbungis,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Typha ,latifolia, "bulrush, great reedmace, common cattail","Typha latifolia s an erect, rhizomatous perennial and is a widespread and troublesome emergent, aquatic, freshwater weed found throughout the world. It interferes with the use and maintenance of drainage and irrigation canals, and impedes water transport,",widespread,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Typha ,muelleri, "seed stored wet for 3-4mths germ 63, 66, 60, 91, 95, 87, 93 & 68% at respective alt. temps of 10-20, 10-24, 10-29, 15-20, 15-24, 15-29, 20-24, 20-29 & 24-29C within 7days",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Ulmaceae
Celtis,australis,European hackberry,XX,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Celtis,australis, Weed Science List
Celtis,australis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Celtis,laevigata, sugarberry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Celtis,occidentalis,"hackberry, sugarberry",w,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Celtis,occidentalis, Chinese Elm ,Major WeedTrees/Shrubs.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Celtis,occidentalis, Weed Science List
Celtis,occidentalis, western hackberry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Celtis,occidentalis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Celtis,pallida, granjeno,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Celtis,reticulata, netleaf hackberry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Celtis,sinensis,"celtis, Chinese elm",HXw,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Celtis,sinensis, Chinese Elm ,TREES.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Celtis,sinensis, Chinese celtis,Weed Science List
Celtis,sinensis, Chinese celtis,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Celtis,spinosa, Weed Science List
Celtis,spinosa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Planera,aquatica, planetree,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Trema,micrantha, Florida trema,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,alata, Winged elm,"90% germ or higher at various temps ranging from 10-33C, optimum 20or 30Cin light/dark; dry stored seed at room temp germ 80% or more for 2-18wks, then declined rapidly; seed dry stored at 4C germ 90% over 2-56wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Ulmus,alata, winged elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,americana, American elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,crassifolia, cedar elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,parvifolia, Chinese elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,procera,Dutch elm,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Ulmus,procera, Region of origin - England; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
Ulmus,procera, English elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,pumila, Siberian elm ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Ulmus,pumila, Siberian elm,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Ulmus,pumila, Siberian elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,pumila,dwarf elm,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Ulmus,rubra, slippery elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,serotina, red elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,thomasi, rock elm,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ulmus,x hollandica,Dutch Elm,XXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Ulmus,x hollandica, Dutch Elm,"Dispersal: Vegetative,?Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8","Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Urticaceae
Australina,acuminata, Weed Science List
Australina,acuminata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Boehmeria,nivea,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Fleurya,ovalifolia, Weed Science List
Fleurya,ovalifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Hesperocnide,sandwicensis, Weed Science List
Hesperocnide,sandwicensis, stinging weed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Hesperocnide,sandwicensis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Parietaria,floridana, Florida pellitory,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Parietaria,judaica,Parietaria diffusa,"pellitory, wall pellitory",XXXXw,GL,NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Parietaria,judaica, Parietaria diffusa,"pellitory, wall pellitory","being somewhat drought resistant, it competes strongly with other species; in the Sydney area it replaces ivy-leafed toadflax & the sickle fern to form dense, monspecific stands; the whole is aesthetically displeasing while its pollen causes allergenic rh","it is now present inall southern States except Tas; while mainly found in & around the major urban areas, it occasionally occurs as a roadside weed elsewhere; it is widespread in inner Sydney, the North Shore suburbs & west to Mount Druitt; it is most not","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Parietaria,judaica, pellitory,Weed Science List
Parietaria,officinalis,"pellitory, wall pellitory",NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Parietaria,officinalis, "pellitory, wall pellitory","being somewhat drought resistant, it competes strongly with other species; in the Sydney area it replaces ivy-leafed toadflax & the sickle fern to form dense, monspecific stands; the whole is aesthetically displeasing while its pollen causes allergenic rh","it is now present inall southern States except Tas; while mainly found in & around the major urban areas, it occasionally occurs as a roadside weed elsewhere; it is widespread in inner Sydney, the North Shore suburbs & west to Mount Druitt; it is most not","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Parietaria,officinalis, pellitory,Weed Science List
Parietaria,officinalis, pellitory,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Parietaria,pensylvanica, Pennsylvania pellitory,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Pilea,microphylla,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Pilea,microphylla, Weed Science List
Soleirolia,soleirolii,artillery plant,H,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Soleirolia,solerolii, Weed Science List
Urtica,dioica,stinging nettle,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Urtica,dioica, Stinging nettle,"seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest; seeds placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 81%; germ greatest with light exposure",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Urtica,dioica, Stinging Nettle,"All Europe, Eurasia & N Amer",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Urtica,dioica, Weed Science List
Urtica,dioica, stinging nettle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Urtica,dioica,stinging nettle,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Urtica,gracilis, slender nettle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Urtica,incisa, Weed Science List
Urtica,lyallii, Lyall nettle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Urtica,procera, tall nettle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Urtica,urens,small nettle,XXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Urtica,urens, Small Nettle,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,"N Af,Euras, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Urtica,urens, Burning nettle,44% germ at 25C constant; alt. 10-25C germ slightly lower,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Urtica,urens,syn ,Small nettle,"waste ground, roadsides, especially in Lower (northern) Egypt""Fresh plants used as an effective but painful rub to treat rheumatisim. Infusion of entire plant is antihemorrhagic & galactogogue, of leaves is diuretic. Extract of fresh leaves stops nosebl","Medit, Eur, Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Urtica,urens, Weed Science List
Urtica,urens, "annual nettle, small nettle, burning nettle, nettle","Urtica urens is an annual monecious herb occurring in horticultural crops, gardens, pastures, waste areas and roadsides in over 50 temperate-climate or high-altitude countries.U. urens is a reported weed in of 27 crops in 50 countries and is a frequentl","native to Eur, but is now cosmopolitan",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Urtica,urens, burning nettle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Urtica,var. holosericea, California slender nettle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Urticaeae,Urtica,urens, Small Nettle,Cosmopolitan,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianaceae
Centranthus,macrosiphon,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Centranthus,ruber,"Jupiter's beard, red valerian",XXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Centranthus,ruber, Red valerian ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Centranthus,ruber, Weed Science List
Fedia,cornucopiae, F. graciliflora,Very Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Fedia,cornucopiae, F. graciliflora,Very Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Fedia,graciliflora,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Fedia,graciliflora, Weed Science List
Valeriana,officinalis, "seeds germ soon after harvest & remainder in following spring; seeds placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 97%",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Valeriana,officinalis, gardern heliotrope,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Valerianella,carinata, Keel Fruited Corn Salad,Mainland Europe Uk & Eire,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,carinata, Keel Fruited Corn Salad,Mainland Europe Uk & Eire,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,coronata, V. lasiocephala,Central to Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,coronata, V. lasiocephala,Central to Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,dentata, "germ good at optimum constant temp 20C & at 3 alt. temps 5-15, 10-18, 10-25",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Valerianella,dentata, Narrow Fruited Corn Salad,V. morisonii,All Europe except Portugal & Sacndinavia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,dentata, Narrow Fruited Corn Salad,V. morisonii,All Europe except Portugal & Sacndinavia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,discoidea,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Valerianella,discoidea, V. coronata subsp. discoidea,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,discoidea, Weed Science List
Valerianella,echinata, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,echinata, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,eriocarpa, Hairy Fruited Corn Salad,V. fusiformis,"Mainland Europe, UK & Eire except Denmark & NE Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,eriocarpa, Weed Science List
Valerianella,eroicarpa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Valerianella,locusta,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Valerianella,locusta, Common Corn Salad,V. olitoria,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,locusta, Weed Science List
Valerianella,muricata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Valerianella,olitoria, Valerianella locusta,European cornsalad,"seeds germ soon after harvest & remainder in following spring; seeds placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 79%; optimum temp range 7-13C constant & at alt. 5-15C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Valerianella,olitoria, European cornsalad,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Valerianella,pumila, "V. tridentata, V. membranacea, V. multifida",Southern to Eastern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,pumila, "V. tridentata, V. membranacea, V. multifida",Southern to Eastern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,rimosa,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Valerianella,rimosa, Varlerianella auricula,"seeds germ soon after harvest & continued for several mths; seeds placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 96%",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Valerianella,rimosa, Broad Fruited Corn Salad,Mainland Europe Uk & Eire,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Valerianella,rimosa, Weed Science List
Vaucheriaceae
Vaucheria,spp. (aquatic), vaucheria,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Viscum,album, European Mistletoe ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Verbenaceae
Aloysia,lycioides, whitebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Aloysia,triphylla,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Avicennia,nitida, black mangrove,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Callicarpa,americana, American beautyberry,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Citharexylum,fruticosum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Clerodendrum,chinense,E,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Clerodendrum,chinense (=C.philippinensis), ,"clerodendrum, Honolulu rose","tropical America (Brazil?), field crops, roadsides, natural vegetation",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Fed. States of Micronesia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Clerodendrum,fragrans, fragrant clerodendron,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Clerodendrum,grandiflorum,S,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Clerodendrum,heterophyllum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Clerodendrum,paniculatum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Clerodendrum,philippinum,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Clerodendrum,philippinum, Weed Science List
Clerodendrum,philippinum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Clerodendrum,schweimfurthii,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Clerodendrum,thompsoniae,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Duranta,erecta,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Duranta,repens, Duranta ,SHRUBS.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Duranta,repens, golden-dewdrop,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Gmelina,arborea,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Gmelina,asiatica,"Gmelina coromandelina, Gmelina integrifolia, Gmelina parvifolia, Gmelina tomentosa","badhara bush, Asiatic beechberry, oval-leafed gmelina",LP,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Gmelina,asiatica," Gmelina coromandelina, Gmelina integrifolia, Gmelina parvifolia, Gmelina tomentosa","badhara bush, Asiatic beechberry, oval-leafed gmelina","this aggressive thorny shrub tends to form dense thickets impenetable to stock & shades out useful pasture speciesfirst found near Rockhampton where a large Military Hospital was sited during WWII, it is thought to have been introd accidentally by troops","Badhara bush is widely distributed throughout Asia; it occurs naturally from India through Bangladesh, Burma, the Malay Archipelago, Indo-China, Thailand, Indonesia, & into China, Micronesia & Melanesia as far south as New Caledonia & Fiji; it also extend","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Gmelina,asiatica, badhara bush,Weed Science List
Gmelina,asiatica, badhara bush,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Gmelina,elliptica,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lantana,camara, lantana,", pasture, gardens, waste lands",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Fed. States of Micronesia; Guam; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Lantana,camara, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
Lantana,camara,"Camara vulgaris, Lantana scabrida","common lantana, largeleaf lantana, red-flowered sage, wild sage, white sage",HXHHX,NL,NSW; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lantana,camara," Camara vulgaris, Lantana scabrida","common lantana, largeleaf lantana, red-flowered sage, wild sage, white sage","the lantana complex can be divided into two major groups, the one is more or less thornless & the other thorny; in Aust the major ornamental biotypes are almost without thorns & produce few if any seeds, whereas the weedy biotypes produce long, rambling t","this native of Central Amer was introd to Eur as an ornamental during the 17thC, from there it was carried to other parts of the world as various colonial empires were developed; it now occurs in 47 countries, from the US to Turkey in the north, throught ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Lantana,camara, "lantana, shrub verbena",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Lantana,camara, lantana,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationWoody SpeciesInvades: forest and plantation margins, savanna, watercourses, roadsides, degraded landCultivated for: ornament, hedging",Origin: C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Lantana,camara, lantana,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationWoody SpeciesInvades: forest and plantation margins, savanna, watercourses, roadsides, degraded landCultivated for: ornament, hedging",Origin: C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Lantana,camara, Lantana ,Major WeedTrees/Shrubs.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Lantana,camara, common lantana,Weed Science List
Lantana,camara, lantana,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Lantana,camara,lantana,"Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Lantana,camera, Lantana ,Major WeedSHRUBS.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Lantana,montevidensis,Lantana sellowiana,"creeping lantana, purple lantana, small lantana, trailing lantana, weeping lantana",XX,NL,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lantana,montevidensis, Lantana sellowiana,"creeping lantana, purple lantana, small lantana, trailing lantana, weeping lantana","the presence of creeping lantana thickets reduces the available grazing area & hence pasture productivity; it is an extremely efficient pioneer species, quickly encroaching on pasture areas weakened by prolonged drought; at the same time the plant is sus",this native of Uruguay & southern Brazil has been introd to most other tropical & subtropical regions as a ground-covering ornamental; it is considered a weed only in Aust,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Lantana,montevidensis, creeping lantana,Weed Science List
Lantana,montevidensis, Weed Science List
Lantana,spp., P,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List
Lantana,spp. except: L camara & L. montividensis,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lantana,tiliifolia, Weed Science List
Lippia,alba,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Lippia,cuneifolia, wedgeleaf fogfruit,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Lippia,nodiflora, mat lippia,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Phyla,canescens,lippia,NL,NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Phyla,nodiflora,"carpet weed, lippia, condamine couch, no-mow",XH,NL,NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Phyla,nodiflora, Lippia ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Phyla,nodiflora,"syn Lippia nodiflora, Verbena nodiflora","Matgrass, Creeping vervain","canal banks, moist ground, lawns in gardensPlant often cultivated mixed with lawn grasses","Medit, W & trop. Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Phyla,nodiflora, Weed Science List
Phyla,nodiflora,syn Lippia nodiflora,"moderately to very dry areas, especially on heavier, also saline soils, aslo in sandy places, wet places, gardens, irrigated lands; from 0-1000m alt; locally numerous; flowers all year round; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the p","Asia, pantropical; throughoutIndonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Premna,obtusifolia (=P. serratifolia), ", coconut, pandanus",Kiribati ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Stachytarpheta,angustifolia, Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,angustifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Stachytarpheta,australis,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Stachytarpheta,cayennensis, snakeweed,", ",French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Stachytarpheta,cayennensis,"cayenne snakeweed, blue snakeweed, rough-leaved false vervain",H,L,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Stachytarpheta,cayennensis, "Cayenne snakeweed, blue snakeweed, rough-leaved false vervain","snakeweed readily invades disturbed areas, esp. newly sown pastures, crops & tree plantations; in Aust Cayenne, light blue & esp. dark blue snakeweed can be serious weeds of sown pastures often forming dense thickets in high rainfall dist; pink snakeweed ","native of tropical & subtropical Amer; many have been introd, either accidentally or intentionally to the remaining tropical & subtropical areas of the world; some seven or eight species have become weeds, the four occuring in Aust are also troublesome in","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Stachytarpheta,cayennensis, "cayenne snakeweed, blue snakeweed, rough leaved false vervain",Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,dichotoma, Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,indica, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis,Nettleleaf vervain,78% germ of seeds planted in moist sand a few mths after collection,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Stachytarpheta,indica,syn Stachytarpheta bogoriensis,"sunny to lightly shaded, preferably not too heavy soils in regions with a strong dry season; along roads , fields, coconut plantations & mango groves, fallow & waste lands; often gregarious; from 0-1500m alt; flowes all year round; upland rice fields, a w","tropical Amer, pantropical; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Stachytarpheta,indica, nettleleaf vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Stachytarpheta,jamaicensis, Jamaican snakeweed,", pasture",Cook Islands; Fiji; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Stachytarpheta,jamaicensis,"light blue snakeweed, bastard vervain, Brazil tea, Jamaica vervain",H,LP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Stachytarpheta,jamaicensis, "light blue snakeweed, bastard vervain, Brazil tea, Jamaica vervain","snakeweed readily invades disturbed areas, esp. newly sown pastures, crops & tree plantations; in Aust Cayenne, light blue & esp. dark blue snakeweed can be serious weeds of sown pastures often forming dense thickets in high rainfall dist; pink snakeweed ","native of tropical & subtropical Amer; many have been introd, either accidentally or intentionally to the remaining tropical & subtropical areas of the world; some seven or eight species have become weeds, the four occuring in Aust are also troublesome in","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Stachytarpheta,jamaicensis, "light blue snakeweed, bastard vervain, Brazil tea, Jamaica vervain (USA)",Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,jamaicensis,syn ,"sunny or slightly shaded, not too dry places; waysides, scrub, secondary forest, fences along streamlets; often numerous, a weed of minor importance in rice fields, but may beocme a serious weed in pasture land, where it cannot be removed by mowing, ","tropical Amer, in Java especially in the western part, up to 500m alt","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Stachytarpheta,jamaicensis, "Jamaican snakeweed, light blue snakeweed, vervain, Jamaican vervain",Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is the most widespread of the four species of Stachytarpheta that have become weedy in tropical and subtropical agriculture. The infestations are centered in two regions on opposite sides of the earth. The largest area is bounde,native to tropical Amer,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
Stachytarpheta,jamaicensis, "light blue snakeweed, bastard vervain, Brazil tea, Jamaica vervain (USA)",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Stachytarpheta,mutabilis,pink snakeweed,LP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Stachytarpheta,mutabilis, pink snakeweed,"snakeweed readily invades disturbed areas, esp. newly sown pastures, crops & tree plantations; in Aust Cayenne, light blue & esp. dark blue snakeweed can be serious weeds of sown pastures often forming dense thickets in high rainfall dist; pink snakeweed ","native of tropical & subtropical Amer; many have been introd, either accidentally or intentionally to the remaining tropical & subtropical areas of the world; some seven or eight species have become weeds, the four occuring in Aust are also troublesome in","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Stachytarpheta,mutabilis, pink snakeweed,Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,mutabilis,X jamaicensis,Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,mutabilis,X urticifolia,Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,mutabilis, pink snakeweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Stachytarpheta,urticifolia, "blue rat's tail, dark-blue snakeweed",", pasture, newly cleared areas, roadsides",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Stachytarpheta,urticifolia,"dark blue snakeweed, nettleleaf vervain",XX,LP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Stachytarpheta,urticifolia, "dark blue snakeweed, nettleleaf vervain","snakeweed readily invades disturbed areas, esp. newly sown pastures, crops & tree plantations; in Aust Cayenne, light blue & esp. dark blue snakeweed can be serious weeds of sown pastures often forming dense thickets in high rainfall dist; pink snakeweed ","native of tropical & subtropical Amer; many have been introd, either accidentally or intentionally to the remaining tropical & subtropical areas of the world; some seven or eight species have become weeds, the four occuring in Aust are also troublesome in","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Stachytarpheta,urticifolia, "dark blue snakeweed, nettleleaf vervain",Weed Science List
Stachytarpheta,urticifolia, "dark blue snakeweed, nettleleaf vervain",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Stachytarpheta,X adulterina,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Stachytarpheta,X trimenii,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,aristigera,V. tenuisecta,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,bipinnatifida, Weed Science List
Verbena,bonariensis,"numerous other spp. includedV. caracsasna, V. litoralis, V. quadrangularis",purple-top verbena,XXXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,bonariensis, Purple-top Verbena,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8,13","Introduced deliberately from: S Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Verbena,bonariensis, Weed Science List
Verbena,bonariensis, tall vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbena,bracteata, prostrate vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbena,brasiliensis, Weed Science List
Verbena,caracasana,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,ciliata, Weed Science List
Verbena,ciliata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Verbena,hastata, Blue vervain,"seeds stored wet or dry at 5C over winter, 2% germ of seed stored wet seed & 0% germ of seed stored dry; 25% germ of wet stored at 14C; intact seeds 0% germ in dark & 18% in 15days in light; seed coat cut 40% in dark in 5days & 32% in light at 20-25C ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Verbena,hastata, blue vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbena,hispida,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,hispida, Weed Science List
Verbena,incompta,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,litoralis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,litoralis, Weed Science List
Verbena,littoralis, seashore vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbena,officinalis,common verbena,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,officinalis, European vervain,seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 18%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Verbena,officinalis, Vervain,Mainland Europe except Denmark,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Verbena,officinalis,syn ,"Vervain, Pigeon's grass, Holy herb","moist ground, canal banks, damp roadsides, fallow fields""Leaves used as a febrifuge, diuretic, stimulant & antidiarrheic""","subcosmopolitan, except very cold regions","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Verbena,officinalis, Weed Science List
Verbena,officinalis, European vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbena,rigida,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,rigida, Weed Science List
Verbena,stricta, Hoary vervain,54% germ of seed planted in soil flat kept outdoors for 71days then transferred to greenhouse in 14-63days; seed immediately planted into greenhouse 0% germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Verbena,stricta, hoary vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbena,supina,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Verbena,supina,syn ,"alluvial moist ground, Nile and canal banks","Medit, C Eur, temp. Asia, NE trop. Afr","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
Verbena,supina, Weed Science List
Verbena,tenuisecta, Mayne's pest,Weed Science List
Verbena,tenuisecta, Mayne's pest,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Verbena,urticifolia, White vervain,intact seed 17% germ within 16-97days in light at 20-25C; nipped seed coat 24% germ in 5days in light & 56% in 5days in dark at 20-25C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Verbena,urticifolia, white vervain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Verbena,X quadrangularis,V. X brasiliensis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Vitex,angus-castus, chaste tree,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Vitex,trifolia, beach vitex,", sandy areas",Fiji; Guam; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Vitex,trifolia,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Violaceae
Hybanthus,attenuatus,syn ,"in all kinds of annual crops, from 0-ca. 400m alt, a potentially significant weed, locally dominant & fast growing; in C Amer a common weed in crops, humid pastures & waste places, ","S Amer, in Indonesia, has so far been found only in C. Java (1978)","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Viola,arvensis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Viola,arvensis, Field Pansy,V. banatica,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Viola,arvensis, Weed Science List
Viola,arvensis, field violet,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Viola,grypoceras, , Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Viola,kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii, johnnyjumpup violet,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Viola,mandshurica, , Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Viola,odorata,common violet,XXXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Viola,odorata, Common Violet,"Dispersal: Water,Ant. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,5,6,7,8","Introduced deliberately from: Eur,N Af,M East and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Viola,odorata, Weed Science List
Viola,riviniana,common dog-violet,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Viola,riviniana, Common Dog-viole,"Dispersal: ?Ant. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7","Introduced deliberately from: Eur,N Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
Viola,riviniana, Weed Science List
Viola,spp., "82% germ at alt 5-15C; seeds germ in spring following harvest; seeds placed in germinator, exposed to temps prevailing outdoors; 62% germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Viola,tricolor, Wild Pansy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Viola,tricolor, Wild Pansy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Viola,tricolor, wild violet,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Viola,verecunda, ,Shimane ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Vitaceae
Ampelopsis,arborea, peppervine,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Ampelopsis,brevipedunculata, porcelainberry,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Cissus,incisa, ivy treebine,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Cissus,rotundifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Parthenocissus,japonicus, Boston ivy,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Parthenocissus,quinquefolia,"Virginia creeper, Boston ivy, Japanese ivy",XS,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Parthenocissus,quinquefolia, Weed Science List
Parthenocissus,quinquefolia, Virginia creeper,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Vitis,aestivalis, summer grape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Vitis,candicans, mustang grape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Vitis,rotundifolia, muscadine grape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Vitis,rupestris, sand grape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Vitis,vulpina, riverbank grape,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Xyridaceae
Xyris,indica, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Xyris,indica, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Xyris,indica var. indica,syn ,"usually restricted to inundated fields; only in lighter red clay & loam soils,sometimes on sand; in everwet & in seasonal regions; from 0-600m alt; flowering throughout the year (inJava mostly Mar-June); flowers ephemeral. dropping in the afternoon; rainf","Asia, from India, Indonesia, S China to Aust, Malesia; in Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, islands of Madura & Kangean, Kalimantan & Irian Jaya, as far as known","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
Zannicheiliaceae
Lepilaena,spp., P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Zingiberaceae
Curcuma,longa,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Curcuma,longa, Weed Science List
Hedychium,coccineum, red ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,coccineum, red ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,coronarium,white ginger,w,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Hedychium,coronarium, white gingerlily,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Hedychium,coronarium, white ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,coronarium, white ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,coronarium, Weed Science List
Hedychium,flavescens, yellow ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,flavescens, yellow ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,gardneranum, Ginger Lily ,SHRUBS.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Hedychium,gardnerianum, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
Hedychium,gardnerianum,"Kahila gingerlily, yellow yinger lily",X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Hedychium,gardnerianum, Kahila gingerlily,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
Hedychium,gardnerianum, kahill ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,gardnerianum, kahill ginger lily,"Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: forests, plantations, riverbanks, moist, shaded sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
Hedychium,gardnerianum, Ginger Lily ,Trees/Shrubs.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
Hedychium,gardnerianum, Weed Science List
Kaempferia,sp., Weed Science List
Zingiber,officinale,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Zingiber,officinale, Weed Science List
Zingiber,zerumbet,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Zingiber,zerumbet, Weed Science List
Zosteraceae
Ruppia,maritima, widgeongrass,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Zannichellia,palustris, Horned pondweed,"fruit germ in year of growth, germ freely in water after 4.5mths drying",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Zannichellia,palustris, horned pondweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Zostera,marina, "this species is the best known, most widespread & probably most important of the few marine angiosperms - refer to citations & references listed",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Zygnemataceae
Spirogyra,arcla, , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
Spirogyra,spp., P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Spirogyra,spp. (aquatic), spirogyra,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus ,terrestris, Puncture Vine,All Europe except NW region,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Kallstroemia,californica, California caltrop,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Kallstroemia,grandiflora, orange caltrop,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Kallstroemia,hirsutissima, hairy caltrop,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Kallstroemia,maxima, Weed Science List
Kallstroemia,maxima, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Larrea,divaricata, Weed Science List
Larrea,divaricata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Larrea,tridentata, Creosote bush,germ best following an after ripening period; Optimum germ temp 35C in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Larrea,tridentata, creosotebush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Peganum,harmala,"African rue, harmel",XX,L,SA; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Peganum,harmala, Harmel ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Peganum,harmala, "African rue, harmel","it occurs only in isolated patches & is confined to NSW & SA; it was first naturalised in NSW on the heavy soils at Wirruna Station near Young in 1933 & at Savernake in 1937 & is still growing in these areas; in SA it occurs in patches at Tintinara, Taylo","is indigenous to the Medit region & the Middle East, extending into Tibet, Pakistan, north west India & the Soviet Union north of the Caspian Sea; introd to the US in 1928 & to Aust a little later","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Peganum,harmala, African rue ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Peganum,harmala, African rue n ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
Peganum,harmala, African rue, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
Peganum,harmala, African rue,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Peganum,harmala, African rue,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
Porlieria,angustifolia, guayacan,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tribulus,cistoides, ", ",Fiji; French Polynesia; Kiribati; Papua New Guinea ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
Tribulus,cistoides,caltrop,L,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tribulus,cistoides, Jamaica feverplant,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tribulus,cistoides,"puncture vine, burnut","Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. ",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
Tribulus,micrococcus, Yellow vine,Weed Science List
Tribulus,micrococcus, Yellow vine,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Tribulus,terrestris,"caltrop, bindii, cat-head, catshead, goat head, Malta cross, puncture vine, yellow vine",XXXHX,L,Vic; SA; NT; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
Tribulus,terrestris, Puncturevine ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Tribulus,terrestris, Puncture vine,"1-12wk old & 3-5yr old seed tested in greenhouse in soil; seed stored in polyethylene bag in closed draw for 16mths, untreated seed 10% germ in 3wks, 22% in 8wks; various treatments used, sulfuric acid for 30min, imbiding on wet filter paper-low germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
Tribulus,terrestris, "caltrop, bindii, cat-head, catshead, goat head, Malta cross, puncture vine, yellow vine","spines on the fruit damage the feet of animals, particularly horses, sheep, cattle & dogs & are a nuisance to humans particularly on playing fields, caravan parks etc; when growing in orchards, vineyards & market gardens caltrop fruit are an annoyance to ","The native range of caltrop is very wide, extending from the Medit region through Asia, Afr & subtropical Aust; it occurs in almost all temperate areas of the world & is troublesome in most; it is imprt in N Amer, particularly in the SW from Texas to Cali","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
Tribulus,terrestris, Puncture-vine ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Tribulus,terrestris, Caltrop n ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
Tribulus,terrestris, caltrop,Weed Science List
Tribulus,terrestris, puncturevine,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
Tribulus,terrestris, caltrop,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
Tribulus,terrestris,puncturevine,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
Zygophyllum,fabago, Syrian Beancaper ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
Zygophyllum,fabago, "Eastern Europe, some scattered in Spain & SW France",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Zygophyllum,fabago, "Eastern Europe, some scattered in Spain & SW France",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
Zygophyllum,fabago, Syrian bearcaper ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
Zygophyllum,fabago, Syrian beancaper,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966