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Plant family: Asteraceae

• Asteraceae
• Acanthospermum,australe,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Acanthospermum,australe, Weed Science List
• Acanthospermum,australe, Paraguay starbur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Acanthospermum,hispidum,"star burr, goat's head, bristly star bur, upright star burr",XX,LP,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Acanthospermum,hispidum, Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,"Florida Weeds, FAIRS."
• Acanthospermum,hispidum, "star burr, goat's head, bristly star bur, upright star burr","in norther Aust problem in tobacco, maize, sorghum & pastures; reduces pasture yield & in dense patches available grazing area; burrs serious contaminant of wool & injure animals; also cause poisoning, 2.4% of KNO3 on dry matter basis","native of trop. S Amer & now is widely spread throughout the trop & subtrop; occurs as serious weed of crops in Bolivia, Brazil, Afr, India, Madagascar, Mauritius, Caribbean, Indo, PNG, southern USA & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Acanthospermum,hispidum, "star burr, goat's head",Weed Science List
• Acanthospermum,hispidum,syn ,"bristly sandbur, starbur, upright sandbur","on poorer types of grassland & in all kinds of arable land; in Java & Timor, along roads & in fallow fields, in areas with a pronounced dry season; up to 1300m alt.; upland & rainfed rice fields, in Afr increasing its area rapidly & also becoming noxious ","S Amer, pantropical; in Indonesia, in E Java, the Lesser Sundan Is & Irian Jaya, as far as known; in Afr, it is a fairly recent introd","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Acanthospermum,hispidum, "star burr, bristly star bur, goathead, Texas cockspur, upright starabur","Native to tropical Amer, but is now widely distributed in tropical & subtropical areas of the world, occurring in nearly 40 countries & causing serious control problems in many crops",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Acanthospermum,hispidum, bristly starbur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Acanthospermum,hispidum, "star burr, goat's head",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Acanthostyles,buniifolius, Weed Science List
• Acanthostyles,buniifolius, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Achillea,distans,S,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Achillea,distans,tansyleaf milfoil,S,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Achillea,distans, Weed Science List
• Achillea,lanulosa, Western yarrow,80% germ at room temp (22-290C) on sterile moist cellucotton in petri dishes,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Achillea,lanulosa, western yarrow,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Achillea,millefolium,Yarrow,XAX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Achillea,millefolium, Yarrow,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,15","Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Achillea,millefolium, Common yarrow,"80% germ in darkness in alternating temps of 20-300C, min temp 2-50C, max temp greater than 400C optimum temp 20-350C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Achillea,millefolium, Yarrow,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Achillea,millefolium, yarrow,Weed Science List
• Achillea,millefolium, common yarrow,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Achillea,ptarmica,"sneezewort, adder's tounge, wildfire",w,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Achillea,ptarmica, sneezewort,Weed Science List
• Achillea,tomentosa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Achillea,tomentosa, Weed Science List
• Acroptilon,repens,"Acroptilon picris, Centaurea picris, Centaurea repens","creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle, blue weed, Russian centaurea, Russian knapweed",XX,LP,NSW; Vic; SA; NT; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Acroptilon,repens, Russian Knapweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Acroptilon,repens," Acroptilon picris, Centaurea picris, Centaurea repens","creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle, blue weed, Russian centaurea, Russian knapweed","one of the most competitive of all weeds & agric. land in California; dense patches 100-300 shoots/sq.m, virtually exclude all other sp. & can reduce crop yields by 75-100% resulting in paddocks abandoned & no longer cropped","originated near Capsian Sea in Asia Minor, Afgh & Mongolia, from where it has spread to most temp areas of world; imprt. weed in N Amer, widespd in cereal areas of W Canada & N USA; weed of vineyards & cereal crops in Arg & S Afr, Iran, Turkey, & S Union","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Acroptilon,repens, Creeping knapweed N ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Acroptilon,repens, "creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle",Weed Science List
• Acroptilon,repens, "creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Actinea,odorata, 29% germ of seed planted straight into glasshouse 7-8mths after harvest,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ageratina,adenophora, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Ageratina,adenophora,"Eupatorium adenophorum, Eupatorium glandulosum, Eupatorium pasdadense","Crofton weed, catweed, hemp agrimony, Mexican devil, sticky agrimony, sticky eupatorium",HX,NLP,NSW; Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ageratina,adenophora, Eupatory ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Ageratina,adenophora," Eupatorium adenophorum, Eupatorium glandulosum, Eupatorium pasdadense","Crofton weed, catweed, hemp agrimony, Mexican devil, sticky agrimony, sticky eupatorium","reduces crop yield, affects carrying capacity of grazing lands & restricts movement of stock & machinery; cattle find it unpalatable, sheep & goats eat it without ill effect, but horse die as a result of eating it-Numibah or Tallebudgera horse disease","native of C Amer is now naturalised & widely estab. as a serious weed in many trop & subtrop areas, esp. NE India between sea level & 2000m, Nigeria, SE Asia, Pacific Is., NZ & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Ageratina,adenophora, crofton weed,"Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.",Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Ageratina,adenophora, crofton weed,"Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.",Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Ageratina,adenophora, crofton weed,"Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.",Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Ageratina,adenophora, crofton weed,"Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.",Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Ageratina,adenophora, Crofton weed,Weed Science List
• Ageratina,adenophora, Crofton weed,P,This spp. is a target of biocontrol efforts in South Africa,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ageratina,altissima,"syn Ageratum altissimum L., Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. & Eupatorium ageratoides L. f."," white snakeroot, richweed, snakeroot",P,"Comments: based on Ageratum altissimum L., non Eupatorium altissimum L..Uses for taxon: Vertebrate poisons: mammals (fide Kingsbury 1964, as Eupatorium rugosum; Lampe and McCann 1985; Everist 1981; Marderosian & Liberti 1988 as Eupatorium rugosum)Sp",Canada [southeast & south-central]; United States [east & central],Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ageratina,riparia, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Ageratina,riparia,"Eupatorium riparium, Eupatorium cannabinum (misapplied)","mistflower, catspaw, creeping Crofton weed, river eupatorium, small Crofton weed, white weed",HXX,NLP,NSW; Qld; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ageratina,riparia," Eupatorium riparium, Eupatorium cannabinum (misapplied)","mistflower, catspaw, creeping Crofton weed, river eupatorium, small Crofton weed, white weed","quickly invades disturbed areas on frost-free slopes & in Qld abandoned banana plantations; shade tolerant, it often occurs as a subdom. in assoc. with Crofton weed in gullies & on streambanks; reduces carrying capacity of pastures, restricts movement","native of C Amer which was introd to many parts of the world as an ornamental; escaping from cultivation it has become serious weed Afr, India, Indo, PNG, SE Asia, USA, some Pacific Is, NZ & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Ageratina,riparia, Mistflower,Weed Science List
• Ageratina,riparia, Mistflower,P,This spp. is a target of biocontrol efforts in Hawaii,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ageratum,conyzoides, ageratum,"Africa (tropical Africa ?), gardens, field crops",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Ageratum,conyzoides,billygoat weed,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ageratum,conyzoides, Tropic ageratum,45% germ of seed stored dry for approx. 2wks after harvest,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ageratum,conyzoides, invading ageratum,"Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.",Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Ageratum,conyzoides, invading ageratum,"Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.",Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Ageratum,conyzoides, billygoat weed,Weed Science List
• Ageratum,conyzoides, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Ageratum,conyzoides,syn ,goat weed,"moister areas in agricultural land, waste places, compounds, roadsides, plantations of all kinds; up to 3000m alt; flowers all the year round & may produce up to 40 000 seeds/plant; upland rice fields, may become troublesome in plantations after grasses h","tropical Amer, pantropical, also in the subtropics; introd to Java before 1860 & has spread throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Ageratum,conyzoides, tropic ageratum,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ageratum,conyzoides, billygoat weed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ageratum,houstianum,bluemink,H,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ageratum,houstonianum, Mexican ageratum,"Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.",Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
  Ageratum,houstonianum, Mexican ageratum,"Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.",Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Ageratum,houstonianum, Weed Science List
• Ageratum ,conyzoides,syn ,Goat weed,"Nile and canal banks""Cultivated as garden plant for cut flowers etc. Used as a remedy for abdominal problems & digestion, & has other medicinal properties""","Introduced from trop. & subtrop. Amer, naturalised into Old World in many trop. & subtrop countries","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Agoseris,grandiflora, "85% germ of dry stored seed, 1 yr after harvest at constant temp. 15C or 20C darkness",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia,"Ambrosia diversifolia, Ambrosia elatior, Ambrosia media, Ambrosia monophylla","annual ragweed, bitterweed, common ragweed, hay-feverweed, hog-weed",XX,L,Qld; SA; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, Common ragweed,"prechilling of moist seed at 1-7C, then germ at alternating light & temps of 20-30C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, Ragweed,A. elatior,Scattered in Central Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, Common Ragweed,atrazine 1976 Canada Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia," Ambrosia diversifolia, Ambrosia elatior, Ambrosia media, Ambrosia monophylla","annual ragweed, bitterweed, common ragweed, hay-feverweed, hog-weed","it is a very serious competitor in cereals, maize, vegetables, sunflowers, soyabeans & tobacco; cattle eat it esp. in its early growth stage; host of sclerotina rot of cabbage; allergenic & dermatogenic-most imprt. hay-fever producing plant in N Amer","native of N Amer, occurs extensively throughout the USA; introd to S Amer, Euro-Asia where it has become a serious weed in parts of Soviet Union, Japan, NZ & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, Roman wormwood ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, annual ragweed,Weed Science List
• Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, common ragweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ambrosia,bidentata, lanceleaf ragweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ambrosia,confertiflora,"Franseria confertiflora, Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia","burr ragweed, slimleaf bursage",LP,SA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ambrosia,confertiflora," Franseria confertiflora, Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia","burr ragweed, slimleaf bursage","extremely competitive plant readily suppressing pasture species, its burrs contaminate wool; problem in orchards, comp. for nutrients & interferring with harvest, both pollen & burrs cause discomfort to pickers; large amounts of allergenic pollen produced","native of semi-arid plains of southern USA & Mexico, not well known elsewhere in the world","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Ambrosia,confertiflora, burr ragweed,Weed Science List
• Ambrosia,confertiflora, burr ragweed,Weed Science List
• Ambrosia,confertiflora, burr ragweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ambrosia,grayi, "woollyleaf burr ragweed, woolyleaf bursage",P,Identified as a contaminant of Maize from the USA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ambrosia,maritima,syn ,Sea ambrosia,"Nile and canal banks, moist alluvial soils""Used in folk medicine to expel kidney stones & to remedy renal troubles, asthma & bilharzia""",Medit.,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Ambrosia,psilostachya,"Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia coronopifolia, Ambrosia californica","perennial ragweed, western ragweed",XX,NL,NSW; Vic; Qld; SA; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ambrosia,psilostachya," Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia coronopifolia, Ambrosia californica","perennial ragweed, western ragweed",strongly competitive plant often growing densely to detriment of crop & pasture; not grazed by stock; aerial growth allelopathic inhibiting germ & early seedling growth of several plant sp.; allergic inflammation of nose suffered by many people ,"grows extensively in N Amer, & ex. for an area comprising N Cal, Oregon & Wash State, its prevelant throughout the western half of USA & C Canada; introd & serious weed of E Eur, W Asia; occurs inS Amer, Jap, Mauritius & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Ambrosia,psilostachya, perennial ragweed,Weed Science List
• Ambrosia,psilostachya, western ragweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ambrosia,spp.,ragweeds,NL,SA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ambrosia,spp., Perennial ragweed N ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Ambrosia,spp., ragweeds,Weed Science List
• Ambrosia,tenuifolia,"Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia",lacy ragweed,NLP,NSW; SA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ambrosia,tenuifolia," Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia",lacy ragweed,"extremely competitive plant readily suppressing pasture species, its burrs contaminate wool; problem in orchards, comp. for nutrients & interferring with harvest, both pollen & burrs cause discomfort to pickers; large amounts of allergenic pollen produced","native of NAmer, does not appear to have spread widely","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Ambrosia,tenuifolia, lacy ragweed,Weed Science List
• Ambrosia,tenuifolia, lacy ragweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ambrosia,trifida, Giant Ragweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Ambrosia,trifida, Giant ragweed,"dormant at maturity needs prechilling on moist substrate for 3mths or treatment with GA, thiourea etc at 5C, then 21day at alt. temp 20-30C; excised embryos of after-ripened seeds germ 100% in 12d at 30C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ambrosia,trifida, Weed Science List
• Ambrosia,trifida, giant ragweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ambrosia,trifida, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ambrosia,var. coronopifolia, perennial ragweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ambrosia,var. texana, blood ragweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ammobium,alatum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Anacyclus,clavatus, A. tomentosus,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anacyclus,clavatus,Compositae ,A. tomentosus,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anacyclus,radiatus,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Anacyclus,radiatus, A. pallescens,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anacyclus,radiatus, Weed Science List
• Anaphalis,margaritacea, Pearly everlasting,germs in 4-12days in constant light at 20-25C ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Anaphalis,margaritacea, pearly everlasting,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Anaphalis,margaritacea, Pearly everlasting,P,"germs in 4-12days in constant light at 20-25C In the WSSA weed List, the Germination of Weeds for experimental purposes and Holmes Geog Atlas of Weeds.",Western Australian Prohibited List
• Antennaria,neglecta, field pussytoes,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Antennaria,neodioica, Common pussytoes,"high germ in glasshouse after 3mths dry storage, 13 -90 days after planting",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Antennaria,neodioica, common pussytoes,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Antennaria,parvifolia, 64% germ on filter paper in Petri dishes at 18C in constant darkness; max germ in 6 days; no dormancy ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Antennaria,plantaginifolia, plantainleaf pussytoes,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Antennaria,rosea, 94% germ on filter paper in Petri dishes at 18C in constant darkness; max germ in 15 days,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Anthemis,altissima, "A. cota, Cota altissima",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,altissima,Compositae ,"A. cota, Cota altissima",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,arvensis,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Anthemis,arvensis, Corn chamomile,"optimum germ temp 13C, but alternating temps of 10-25C produce same germ %",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Anthemis,arvensis, Corn Chamomile,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,arvensis, Weed Science List
• Anthemis,arvensis, corn chamomile,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Anthemis,arvensis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Anthemis,austriaca, Austrian Chamomile,A. cotiformis,SEast Europe and Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,austriaca,Compositae ,Austrian Chamomile,A. cotiformis,SEast Europe and Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,cotula,Maruta cotula,"stinking mayweed, dillweed, dog's camomile, dog-daisy, dog fennel, mather, mayweed, stinking chamomile",X,NL,Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Anthemis,cotula, Mayweed,"alternating temps & light of 68F dark, 86F light best results",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Anthemis,cotula, Stinking Mayweed,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,cotula, Maruta cotula,"stinking mayweed, dillweed, dog's camomile, dog-daisy, dog fennel, mather, mayweed, stinking chamomile","long history as a problem weed esp. in cereal crops in Eur, Arg, NZ & parts of USA & also invades pastures; taints milk, butter & meat; prolonged contact with flower heads & fruit is reputed to cause dermatitis & blister the skin","native of Medit region, but now extends throughout Eur from S Norway, Sweden & Finland south to the Canary Is & the Atlas Mountains in N Afr, Egypt, & W Asia; introd & common in Canada, USA, S Afr, NZ & Aust scattered through coastal & tableland NSW & ext","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Anthemis,cotula, stinking mayweed,Weed Science List
• Anthemis,cotula, , Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Anthemis,cotula, mayweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Anthemis,pseudocotula,syn ,"fields, roadsides""Flower heads used as a bacteriostat, antifungal, antitumor, & antidiabetic""","E. Medit, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Anthemis,ruthenica, A. neilreichii,SE to Eastern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,ruthenica,Compositae ,A. neilreichii,SE to Eastern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,segetalis, "A. brachycentros, A. pseudocota",Italy & Greece,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,segetalis,Compositae ,"A. brachycentros, A. pseudocota",Italy & Greece,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,tinctoria,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Anthemis,tinctoria, Yellow chamomile,seeds germ well immediately after ripening in bright daylight at constant temp of 20-22C or 30C; 76% germ of seed stored for 1 yr & 40% germ of seed stored for 4yrs,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Anthemis,tinctoria, Yellow Chamomile,Cota tinctoria,"All Europe, except W France, Spain, Portugal & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Anthemis,tinctoria, Weed Science List
• Anthemis,tinctoria, yellow chamomile,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Arcotheca,calendula, Capeweed,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,5","S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Arctium,lappa,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Arctium,lappa, Great burdock,"alternating temp (20C, 16hr & 30C, 8hr), thiourea application (0.1% to 0.5%), presoaking (2-24hr), conc. H2SO4 treatment 10min, & partial removal of seed coat produces high germ % in light",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Arctium,lappa, Greater Burdock,"A. majus, A. chaorum, Lappa major, L. officinalis",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Arctium,lappa, Weed Science List
• Arctium,lappa, great burdock,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Arctium,minus,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Arctium,minus, Common burdock,light & alternating temp 20-30C high germ %,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Arctium,minus, Lesser Burdock,Lappa minor,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Arctium,minus, Common burdock ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Arctium,minus, lesser burdock,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Arctium,minus, Weed Science List
• Arctium,minus, common burdock,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Arctium,tomentosum, Woolly Burdock,"A. chabertii, A. leptophyllum, Lappa tomentosa",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Arctium,tomentosum,Compositae ,Woolly Burdock,"A. chabertii, A. leptophyllum, Lappa tomentosa",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Arctium,tomentosum, cotton burdock,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Arctotheca,calendula,Capeweed,HXXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Arctotheca,calendula, "Capeweed, As Seed Or Fertile Plants ","California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Arctotheca,calendula, Capeweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Arctotheca,calendula, Capeweed ,diquat 1986 Australia Alfalfa , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Arctotheca,calendula, capeweed,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Arctotheca,calendula, Weed Science List
• Arctotheca,populifolia,Beach Daisy,XXXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Arctotheca,populifolia, Weed Science List
• Arctotheca,prostrata,Creeping Bears-ears,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Arctotheca,prostrata, Weed Science List
• Arctotis,stoechadifolia,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Arctotis,venusta,White Arctotis,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Arctotis,venusta, White Arctotis,Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,"Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Arctotus,venusta, Weed Science List
• Argyranthemum,foeniculaceum,Argyranthemum frutescens ssp. foeniculaceum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Argyranthemum,frutescens,Argyranthemum frutescens ssp. foeniculaceum,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Argyranthemum,frutescens, Weed Science List
• Arnica,fulgens, 40% germ at 20C in darkness on moist filter paper in Petri dishes; within 1 yr after seed collection ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Arnica,montana, seed germs immediately after harvest,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Aroctheca,populifolia, Beach Daisy,Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,"S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Aroctheca,prostrata, Creeping Bears-ears,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,"S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Artemisia,absinthium, Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Artemisia,absinthium, Weed Science List
• Artemisia,absinthium,"absinth wormwood, absinth sagewort, wormwood",XX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Artemisia,absinthium, Absinth wormwood ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Artemisia,absinthium, "wormwood, absinth sagewort",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Artemisia,absinthium, absinth wormwood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,annua, Eastern Europe less in Central Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Artemisia,annua,Compositae ,Eastern Europe less in Central Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Artemisia,annua, annual wormwood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,arborescens, Weed Science List
• Artemisia,arborescens,Silver Wormwood,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Artemisia,arborescens, Silver Wormwood,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,"Introduced deliberately from: S Eur and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Artemisia,arbuscula, low sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,biennis, biennial wormwood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,californica, California sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,cana, silver sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,canariensis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Artemisia,filifolia, sand sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,frigida, fringed sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,incompta, alternative moistening & drying of seed increases germ as c.f. seed kept moist continuously on filter paper in Petri dishes at 22-29C ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Artemisia,ludoviciana, "Region of origin - W USA, Mexico; Extent of spread - destoryed ?; Means of spread - ornamental",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Artemisia,ludoviciana,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Artemisia,ludoviciana, Louisiana wormwood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,montana, , Hokkaido ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Artemisia,nova, black sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,princeps, ragweed,Weed Science List
• Artemisia,princeps, "perennial dominance, sub-dominance ",Shimane Shizuoka Upland Korea Upland Japan Miyagi Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Artemisia,princeps, ragweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Artemisia,scoparia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Artemisia,suksdorfii, 54% germ in constant darkness at alternating temps of 20 & 30C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Artemisia,tridentata, Big sagebrush,light increases germ with optimum temp of 70F,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Artemisia,tridentata, big sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,tripartita, threetip sagebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,var. gnaphalodes, prairie sage,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,verlotiorum, Weed Science List
• Artemisia,verlotiorum,Chinese Wormwood,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Artemisia,verlotiorum, Chinese Wormwood,"Dispersal: Water,Vegetative,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8","Introduced deliberately from: Eur, As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Artemisia,vulgaris, Mugwort,"fresh seed; prechilling for 10-40 days at 1C, then brief exposure to light & constant temp of 25C ; older seeds lose light requirement; vegetative propagation of rhizomes also used",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Artemisia,vulgaris, Mugwort,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Artemisia,vulgaris,Compositae ,Mugwort,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Artemisia,vulgaris, "common wormwood, mugwort",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Artemisia,vulgaris, "motherwort, mugwort, green ginger, mugweed, sailor's tobacco",Artemisa vulgaris is found in almost all farming systems on all continents and most of the island chains. It is reported in 25 crops in 56 countries.,origin uncertain,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Artemisia,vulgaris, mugwort,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Artemisia,vulgaris,mugwort,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Aspilia,africana, Weed Science List
• Aspilia,africana, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Aspilia,bupthalmiflora, Weed Science List
• Aspilia,bupthalmiflora, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Aster,acmellus,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Aster,ageratoides, , Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Aster,ericoides, heath aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,exilis, slender aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,linariifolius, savoryleaf aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,novae-angliae, New England aster,50% germ with cold stratification for 71 days; germ over period of 14 to 28 days after transfer to greenhouse,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Aster,novae-anglicae, New England aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,novi-belgii,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Aster,novi-belgii, Weed Science List
• Aster,novi-belgii, New York aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,occidentalis, western aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,parryi, woody aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,pilosus, white heath aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,puniceus, purplestem aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,scaber, , Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Aster,simplex, white field aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,spectabilis, showy aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,spinosus, spiny aster,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Aster,squamatus,syn Conyza squamata,"fields, roadsides, gardens, waste ground, canal banks""Recently introduced into Egypt, now completely naturalised & one of most widespread weeds in country""","C & S Amer; naturalised in S Eur, Afr & many other regions of the world","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Aster,subulatus,aster-weed,HXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Aster,subulatus, Weed Science List
• Aster,yomena, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Aster ,subulatus, Aster-weed,"Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,11,10,11","N Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Aster ,tripolium, reproduces both vegetatively & by seed; 90% seed viability,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Asteriscus,spinosus, Weed Science List
• Athroisma,laciniatum,syn Athroisma viscidum,"in Java, in areas with pronounced dry seasons, on heavy, periodically soggy or inundated & subsequently desiccating heavy clay soils, locally often abundant & flowering so profusely that the fields look grayish white; up to 100m alt; rainfed & upland rice","unknown, in Indonesia, in the northern plain of Java & the islands of Madura & Kangean","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Austroeupatorium,inulaefolium,austroeupatorium,X,LP,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Austroeupatorium,inulaefolium, Weed Science List
• Austroeupatorium,inulaefolium, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Baccharis,cordifolia,romerillo (toxic groundsel),L,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Baccharis,cordifolia, Weed Science List
• Baccharis,cordifolia,syn Eupatorium montevidense Spreng.,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Baccharis,douglasii, Weed Science List
• Baccharis,douglasii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Baccharis,glutinosa, seepwillow baccharis,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Baccharis,halimifolia,"groundsel bush, groundel, groundsel baccharis, groundsel tree",HX,NLP,NSW; Qld; NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Baccharis,halimifolia, "groundsel bush, groundel, groundsel baccharis, groundsel tree","seeds prolifically; large plants to 2-3m high produce up to a million seeds in a single season; forms dense impenetrable thickets, restricts stock & machinery movement, reduces agric. & pastoral potential; pioneer plant-readily invades","native of West Indies & the Atlantic & Gulf Coasts of N Amer, extending in an arc from Massachusetts through Florida to Mexico; introd to France & Soviet Union; imprt. weed along Biscay coast of France & Spain to Black Sea coast of Abkhazskaya ASSR-Sov.U","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Baccharis,halimifolia, groundsel bush,Weed Science List
• Baccharis,halimifolia, eastern baccharis,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Baccharis,halimifolia, groundsel bush,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Baccharis,halmifolia, Groundsel ,Major WeedSHRUBS.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
• Baccharis,neglecta, Weed Science List
• Baccharis,neglecta, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Baccharis,pilularis,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Baccharis,pilularis, Weed Science List
• Baccharis,pilularis, coyotebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Baccharis,pilularis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Baccharis,ramulosa, yerba-de-pasmo,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Baccharis,salicifolia, Weed Science List
• Baccharis,salicifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Baccharis,salicina, willow baccharis,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Baccharis,sarothroides, desert broom,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Baccharis,viminea,? ,Weed Science List
• Baeria,chrysostoma, = Lasthenia californica,California goldfields,"seeds germ well at 5,10, &15C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Baileya,multiradiata, desert baileya,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Baltimora,recta, Weed Science List
• Baltimora,recta, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Bellis,annua, Annual Daisy,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bellis,annua,Compositae ,Annual Daisy,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bellis,perennis,daisy,XX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Bellis,perennis, English daisy,"97% germ, no dormancy after harvest, at room temp",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Bellis,perennis, Daisy,"All Europe, except Extreme NE with less in Scandinavia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bellis,perennis, Weed Science List
• Bellis,perennis, English daisy,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Berkheya,rigida,Stobaea riguda,"African thistle, Augusta thistle, berkheya thistle, Hamelin thistle",XXX,L,WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Berkheya,rigida, African Thistle,"Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrubs. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4","Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Berkheya,rigida, Stobaea riguda,"African thistle, Augusta thistle, Berkheya thistle, Hamelin thistle","no feed value because of its spines make it unpalatable to stock; large colonies, consisting of matted stems, limit pasture growth & available grazing area",native of S Afr; not widely distributed elsewhere ex for a number of small colonies in southern Aust,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Berkheya,rigida, African thistle, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Berkheya,rigida, African thistle,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Bidens,alba, beggar's tick,"tropical Africa, vegetables, orchards, fields crops",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Bidens,alba, Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,"Florida Weeds, FAIRS."
• Bidens,aurea, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Bidens,bipinnata,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Bidens,bipinnata, Spanish needles,"no dormancy, germ temp between 10-35C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Bidens,bipinnata, Kernera bipinnata,Scattered in Italian region,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bidens,bipinnata, Weed Science List
• Bidens,bipinnata, spanishneedles,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Bidens,cernua, Nodding Burr Marigold,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bidens,cernua,Compositae ,Nodding Burr Marigold,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bidens,cernua, nodding beggarticks,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Bidens,comosa, leafybract beggarticks,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Bidens,connata, purplestem beggarticks,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Bidens,frondosa, Devils beggarticks,max germ 6% of seeds prechilled 1wk then 15-25C alternating with alternating light/dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Bidens,frondosa, devils beggarticks,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Bidens,pilosa, "cobbler's pegs, beggar's tick","Africa, vegetables, orchards, fields crops",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Bidens,pilosa,cobbler's peg,HXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Bidens,pilosa, Hairy beggarticks,"35% germ of freshly harvested seed, dormancy occurs rapidly after short term storage; old seeds (3-5yrs) 80% germ, but fail to produce seedlings ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Bidens,pilosa, Scattered in Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bidens,pilosa, Hairy Beggarticks,imazaquin 1993 Brazil Soybean , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Bidens,pilosa, Hairy Beggarticks,paraquat 1991 Kenya Coffee , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Bidens,pilosa, Weed Science List
• Bidens,pilosa, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Bidens,pilosa var. minor,syn Bidens sundaica,"blackjack, Spanish needles, beggar ticks, cobbler's pegs","a very common weed, perferring moister soils; up to 2300m alt; flowers all year round; in one week after shedding, 35-60% of the seeds germinate; seeds stored for 3-5yrs showed 80% germ; there can be up to 4 generations a year; for germ, light & good aera","A afr, pantropical; before 1835 already naturalised in Java; has spread everywhere, except Kalimantan & the Moluccas","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Bidens,pilosa var. radiata, hairy beggarticks,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Bidens,polylepis, "long-bracted beggarticks, bearded beggarticks",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Bidens,polylepis, coreopsis beggarticks,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Bidens,subalternans,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Bidens,subalternans, Weed Science List
• Bidens,tripartita,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Bidens,tripartita, "germ of intact achenes constant light, alternating temp 22-32C; conc. sulphuric acid helpful in inducing germ.",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Bidens,tripartita, Trifid Burr Marigold,"B. bullata, B. orientalis",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bidens,tripartita, Bur Beggarticks,triazines 1979 Austria Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Bidens,tripartita, Weed Science List
• Bidens,vulgata, Tall beggarticks,no germ found in seeds tested within 1 yr of harvest,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Bidens,vulgata, tall beggarticks,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Blumea,lacera,"syn Conyza lacera, Conyza javanica","in areas with slight to pronounced dry season, in sunny or lightly shaded, dry or moist (not marshy) places, along roads, dams, meadows, wastelands, agricultural land, usually on periodically desiccated areas, sometimes abundant; up to 2000m alt.; upland ","Asia, Afr, Asia, Malesia; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Blumea,lanceolaria, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Blumea,tenella,syn Blumea humifusa,"in areas with a strong or moderately strong dry period, on heavy, periodically moist & dehydrated soils; up to 100m alt; flowers mainly from Apr-Oct; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","Malesia, Malesia, througout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Bombycilaena,erecta, Micropus erectus,Mainland Europe except NW Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Bombycilaena,erecta,Compositae ,Micropus erectus,Mainland Europe except NW Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Brickellia,glutinosa,syn. Kuhnia,"seeds collected in autumn, no germ 1mth, 3-12mths inc. germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Buphthalmum,speciosum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cacalia,tuberosa, indianplantain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Calea,zacatechichi, P,Hallucinogen in Mexico,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Calendula,arvensis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Calendula,arvensis, Field Marigold,"C. malacitana, C micrantha, C. officinalis",Southern & Central Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Calendula,arvensis, Weed Science List
• Calendula,arvensis,syn C. aegyptiaca; C. persica; C. gracilis; C. micrantha,Field marigold,"fields, waste ground","Medit, C Eur, W Asia; introduced and naturalised into may temp. and warm temp. regions of the world","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Calendula,officinalis,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Calendula,officinalis, Weed Science List
• Calendula,palaestina,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Calendula,palaestina, Weed Science List
• Calyptocarpus,vialis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Calyptocarpus,vialis, Weed Science List
• Campuloclinium,macrocephalum, "Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsidesCultivated for: ornamental",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Campuloclinium,macrocephalum, "Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsidesCultivated for: ornamental",Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Carduus,acanthoides,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carduus,acanthoides, Plumeless Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carduus,acanthoides, Giant Plumeless Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carduus,acanthoides, Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - destroyed ?; Means of spread - unknown,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Carduus,acanthoides, Plumeless thistle,"seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Carduus,acanthoides, Welted Thistle,"C. fortior, C. camporum",All Europe except Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,acanthoides, Acanthus thistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Carduus,acanthoides, plumeless thistle,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Carduus,acanthoides, Weed Science List
• Carduus,acanthoides, plumeless thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Carduus,acanthoides, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carduus,corymbosus, Italy & Sicily,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,corymbosus,Compositae ,Italy & Sicily,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,crispus,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carduus,crispus, Welted thistle,"seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Carduus,crispus, welted thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Carduus,crispus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carduus,macrocephalus, Weed Science List
• Carduus,nutans,"nodding thistle, musk thistle",AH,NL,NSW; Vic; Tas; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carduus,nutans, Musk Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carduus,nutans, Musk thistle,"high germ % short time after dissemination, with no special treatments or germ conditions",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Carduus,nutans, Musk Thistle,C. platylepsis,"Western Europe, UK, S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,nutans, Musk Thistle,"2,4-D 1981 New Zealand Pasture ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Carduus,nutans, "nodding thistle, musk thistle","grows in dense patches & not readily grazed due to spiny foliage; reduces carrying capacity of pastures, mature spiny heads contribute to vegetable fault in wool","originated in Eur, N Afr, Asia Minor & Asia tending to occur most frequently on dry calcareous soils & has spread to many temp parts ot the world; import. weed of N Amer, Arg, Soviet Union & British Isles & NZ where its their 3rd most serious weed","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Carduus,nutans, Musk thistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Carduus,nutans, "musk thistle, nodding thistle",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Carduus,nutans, nodding thistle,Weed Science List
• Carduus,nutans, "nodding thistle, musk thistle",Carduus nutans is the most troublesome thistle in agriculture and it appears as a weed in 18 crops in 32 countries.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Carduus,nutans, musk thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Carduus,nutans, nodding thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carduus,platybus, Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,platybus,Compositae ,Spain & Portugal,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,pychnocephalus, Italian thistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Carduus,pycnocephalus,"slender thistle, shore thistle, Italian thistle, Plymouth thistle, rabbit thistle, slender-flowered thistle, slender winged thistle",HXXHH,LP,Vic; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, Italian Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, Italian Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, Slender Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,8,12,13","S Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, Corsican Thistle,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, "slender thistle, shore thistle, Italian thistle, Plymouth thistle, rabbit thistle, slender-flowered thistle, slender winged thistle","weed of pastures, but in higher rainfall areas of Tas it is also import. comp. with annual crops; not readily grazed due to spiny nature; estab. most readily in disturbed areas; heavily grazed pastures favour estab.","originated in southern Eur & N Afr; ext. east through Asia Minor to Pakistan, well est. throughout temp areas of the world & considered import. weeds in Aust & NZ, occasionally USA ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, Italian thistle,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, "slender thistles, shore thistle",Weed Science List
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, "shore thistle, slender thistle, slender-flowered thistle, Italian thistle, slender- winged thistle",Carduus pycnocephalus appears as a weed in eight crops in 26countries.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, Italian thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Carduus,pycnocephalus, "slender thistles, shore thistle",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carduus,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Carduus,tenniflorus, "slender thistles, shore thistle, sheep thistle",Weed Science List
• Carduus,tenuiflorus,"slender thistle, shore thistle, sheep thistle, winged slender thistle, winged thistle",XXXXXH,LP,Vic; SA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carduus,tenuiflorus, Itallian Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carduus,tenuiflorus, Slender Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,3,4,5,12","W Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Carduus,tenuiflorus, Western Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carduus,tenuiflorus, "slender thistle, shore thistle, sheep thistle, winged slender thistle, winged thistle","weed of pastures, but in higher rainfall areas of Tas it is also import. comp. with annual crops; not readily grazed due to spiny nature; estab. most readily in disturbed areas; heavily grazed pastures favour estab.","originated in southern Eur & N Afr; ext. north to Scandinavia & British Isles, well est. throughtout temp areas of the world & considered import. weed of Aust & NZ, occasionally USA","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Carduus,tenuiflorus, Slender thistle * ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea", Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) ,"South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Carduus,tenuiflorus, slenderflower thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Carduus,tenuiflorus, "slender thistles, shore thistle, sheep thistle",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carduus,tenuifolius, Slender flowered thistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Carduus,tenuifolius, slenderflower thistle,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Carduus,thoermeri,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carduus,thoermeri, Weed Science List
• Carduus,thoermeri, P,This spp. is probably more widespread in the USA than is recognised as it closely resembles C. nutans.It is probably as much of a threat to WA as C. nutans but has not taken off in the eastern states as C. nutans has.,44~46~52~57,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carduus ,nutans,"musk thistle, nodding thistle",RANK 1. "SEVERE THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Carlina,involucrata, Weed Science List
• Carlina,involucrata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carpesium,cernuum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carpesium,cernuum, Weed Science List
• Carthamus,baeticus, Smooth Distaff Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carthamus,dentatus,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carthamus,dentatus, Weed Science List
• Carthamus,flavescens, Weed Science List
• Carthamus,flavescens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carthamus,glaucus,Glaucous star thistle ,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carthamus,glaucus, Glaucous star thistle ?,Weed Science List
• Carthamus,glaucus, Glaucous star thistle ?,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carthamus,lanatus,Kentrophyllum lanatum,"saffron thistle, distaff thistle, false star thistle, woolly safflower, woolly star thistle",XXXXXXH,NL,ACT; NSW; Qld; NT; WA; Tas; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carthamus,lanatus, Woolly Distaff Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carthamus,lanatus, Saffron Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4","S Eur, W As, In Victoria: Widespread, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Carthamus,lanatus, Woolly Safflower,Kentrophyllum lanatum,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carthamus,lanatus, Kentrophyllum lanatum,"saffron thistle, distaff thistle, false star thistle, woolly safflower, woolly star thistle","little fodder value, eaten when very young & when stems emerge from rosette; seeds rich in oil & protein, eaten by sheep; forms dense patches restricting stock movement, injure grazing animals in eyes & mouth, reduce carrying capacity; competes with crops","native of Medit region & W Asia, has spread to many temp areas of world including USA, Arg, Chile, NZ & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Carthamus,lanatus, Safflower ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Carthamus,lanatus, saffron thistle,Weed Science List
• Carthamus,lanatus, saffron thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carthamus,leucocaulos,"glaucous star thistle, whitestem distaff thistle",L,WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carthamus,leucocaulos, Whitestem Distaff Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Carthamus,leucocaulos, Region of origin - Medit; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Carthamus,leucocaulos, "glaucous star thistle, whitestem distaff thistle","little fodder value, forms dense patches, restricts stock movement, reduce available grazing area & pasture productivity, presence of seeds, leaf fragments & flower heads in wool reduces value of clip","native of Medit region, particularly Greece & Crete; not widely spread, small area in California & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Carthamus,leucocaulos, glaucous star thistle, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Carthamus,leucocaulos, glaucous star thistle,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carthamus,oxyacantha, Weed Science List
• Carthamus,oxyacantha, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Carthamus,tinctorius,safflower,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Carthamus,tinctorius, Safflower,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Carthamus,tinctorius, Weed Science List
• Carthumus,spp., distaff thistle,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Cassinia,arcuata,"Chinese scrub, sifton bush, Australian tauhinu, biddy bush, Chinese shrub, drooping cassinia, sifting bush, tear shrub",NLP,NSW; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cassinia,arcuata, "Chinese scrub, sifton bush, Australian tauhinu, biddy bush, Chinese shrub, drooping cassinia, sifting bush, tear shrub","grows well on land cleared for grazing & can dominate estab. pastures; plants unpalatable to stock, heavily infested areas reduce carrying capacity, clumps of the weed fire hazard & provide harbour for pest animals, particularly rabbits",native of SE Australia & Western Australia & has probably not spread far beyond its native range,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Cassinia,arcuata, "Chinese scrub, sifton bush",Weed Science List
• Cassinia,arcuata, "Chinese scrub, sifton bush",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cassinia,leptophylla, Weed Science List
• Cassinia,leptophylla, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,acaulis, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,acaulis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,aspera,C. sp. A in NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,aspera, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,biebersteinii, C. micranthos,"SE Europe, except Greece",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,biebersteinii,Compositae ,C. micranthos,"SE Europe, except Greece",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,calcitrapa,"star thistle, purple star thistle, red starthistle",HXXH,NLP,ACT; NSW; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, Purple Starthistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, Purple Starthistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, Star Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5","S&C Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, "C. adulterina, C. arrectispina, C. macroacantha","Southern & Eastern Europe, less NW Europe & UK",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, "star thistle, purple star thistle, red starthistle","competes with crops & pastures, once heads are formed, spines injure grazing animals in eys & mouth, deny access to grazing animals to other pasture sp.; seed short lived, survive in soil for 2-3yrs","originated in southern & western Eur, W Asia & N Afr; widely distributed but only as a weed in Aust occurs in neglected areas in Eur, Middle East, S Afr, California & NZ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, star thistle,Weed Science List
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, purple starthistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,calcitrapa, star thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,calcitrapa,syn ,Star thistle,"canal banks, roadsides, waste ground""Whole plant is a bitter astringent, appetizer, & stomachic; flowering summits are febrifuge, the root & fruits are diuretic; seeds are remedy for renal stones & pain""","Medit, C Eur","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Centaurea,cineraria,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,cineraria, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,cyanoides, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,cyanoides, P,"This species has a single listing in the Denmark area but no further collections, dubious it has established.No specimens in the herbarium",Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,cyanus,C. cyanoides in WA,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,cyanus, Corn flower,"2 mth old seed germ well at high & constant temp, light favoured germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Centaurea,cyanus, Cornflower,C. cyanocephala,"All Europe, more to the Balkans & Greece regions",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
  Centaurea,cyanus, cornflower,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Centaurea,cyanus, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,cyanus, cornflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,cyanus,batchelor's button,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Centaurea,depressa, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,depressa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,diffusa, Diffuse Knapweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,diffusa, Diffuse knapweed,"80% or higher germ in 15C darkness, 20 C darkness, alt. 20-30C darkness, & alt. 20-30 C with alt. light/darkness",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Centaurea,diffusa, Diffuse knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,diffusa, diffuse knapweed,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Centaurea,diffusa, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,diffusa, diffuse knapweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,diffusa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,eriophora,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,eriophora, "Region of origin - Spain, Portugal; Extent of spread - eradicated ?; Means of spread - unknown",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Centaurea,eriophora, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,iberica, Iberian Starthistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,iberica, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,iberica, Iberian starthistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,iberica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,jacea,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,jacea,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,jacea, Brown knapweed,"seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Centaurea,jacea, Brown knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,jacea, X nigra ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,jacea, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,jacea, brown knapweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,jacea, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,macrocephala, Bighead knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,maculosa,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,maculosa, Spotted Knapweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,maculosa, C. stoebe,Central Europe from Belgium to Italy,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,maculosa, Spotted knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,maculosa, spotted knapweed,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Centaurea,maculosa, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,maculosa, spotted knapweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,maculosa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,maculosa,spotted knapweed,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Centaurea,melitensis,Malta thistle,XXXH,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,melitensis, Tacalote ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,melitensis, Malta Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4,12","S Eur, In Victoria: ?",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Centaurea,melitensis, Maltese Centaury,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,melitensis, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,melitensis, Malta starthistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,nigra,C. sp. B in NSW,"black knapweed, common knapweed, knapweed, lesser knapweed, Spanish buttons",NLP,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,nigra, Black knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,nigra, black knapweed,Weed Science List
• Centaurea,nigra, black knapweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,nigra, black knapweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,nigrescens,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,nigrescens, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,paniculata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,paniculata, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,pratensis, Meadow knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,repens, Russian Knapweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,repens, Russian knapweed,69% germ with 20-30C & alt. exposure to light & darkness; germ increases with storage,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Centaurea,repens, Russian knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,repens, Weed Science List
• Centaurea,repens, Russian knapweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,rhenana, C. stoebe,"Central Europe, less Denmark & S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,rhenana,Compositae ,C. stoebe,"Central Europe, less Denmark & S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,scabiosa,Greater Knapweed,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,scabiosa, "seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Centaurea,scabiosa, Greater Knapweed,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,scabiosa,Compositae ,Greater Knapweed,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,scabiosa, Greater Knapweed,P,"Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"Minor weed in all parts of Europe: N1, C1, S1, W1 "Elsevier's Dictionary of Weeds of Western Europe"",All Europe,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,solstitialis,"St Barnaby's thistle, golden star thistle, yellow centaurea, yellow cockspur, yellow star-thistle",NLP,NSW; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Centaurea,solstitialis, Yellow Starthistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,solstitialis, Yellow Starthistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,solstitialis, Yellow star thistle,100% germ in darkness at 20C; 98% germ at 20-30C with alt. light/dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Centaurea,solstitialis, Yellowe Starthistle,"Mainland Europe, less in Central & Northern region & UK",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Centaurea,solstitialis, "St Barnaby's thistle, golden star thistle, yellow centaurea, yellow cockspur, yellow star-thistle","comp. with pastures & crops for moisture & nutrients & large rosettes shade useful pasture sp.; forms dense patches, restricting stock movement, injures grazing animals & dogs in eyes, mouth & feet, contributes to vegetable fault in wool; toxic to horses","native of the Medit region & W Asia, has spread to most temp areas of world; well estab. & spreading in USA, troublesome on cultivated land in S Afr & S Amer, Arg, Chile & Uruguay; considered weed in most of its native range; minor import. in NZ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Centaurea,solstitialis, Yellow starthistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,solstitialis, yellow star thistle,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Centaurea,solstitialis, St Barnaby's thistle,Weed Science List
• Centaurea,solstitialis, yellow starthistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,solstitialis, St Barnaby's thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Centaurea,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Centaurea,spp., knapweeds,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Centaurea,squarrosa, Squarrose Knapweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,squarrosa, squarrose knapweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,sulphurea, Sicilian Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Centaurea,virgata var. squarrosa, Squarrose knapweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea,vochinensis, Vochin knapweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Centaurea,vulgaris, ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Centaurea ,nigra, "black knapweed, common knapweed, knapweed, lesser knapweed, Spanish buttons","not eaten by grazing animals, reduces pasture carrying capacity; allelopathic compounds produced, reducing germ & early seedling estab. of some sp.; invades overgrazed or undeveloped pastures in higher rainfall areas","originated in Eur, now occurs in several temp areas of world, considered a minor problem in NE NAmer & British Isles, NZ & NW USA","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Centipeda,minima, annual sub-dominance , Upland Korea Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Centipeda,minima,"syn Centipeda minuta, Centipeda orbicularis","moist, sunny to slightly shaded sites, compounds, riverbanks, in desiccated riverbeds, often rather numerous; from 0-2600m alt; flowering Mar-Oct (Java); rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","unknown, tropical & subtropical; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Centratherum,punctatum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cephalonoplos,segetum, biennial sub-dominance , Upland Korea ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Ceruana,pratensis,syn ,"Nile and irrigation canal banks in Upper Egypt, until building of Aswan High Dam. Most populations have now disappeared, due to unfavourable growing conditionsAncient Egypt plants were used for making baskets and mummy coffins. Now used for making broom","Egypt, Sudan, trop. NW Afr","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Chaenactis,douglasii, 20% germ at 20C in darkness ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Chamaemelum,fuscatum, "Anthemis fuscata, A. praecox",S West Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chamaemelum,fuscatum,"Anthemis fuscata, A. praecox",S West Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chamaemelum,mixtum, "Anthemis mixta, Ormesis mixta",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chamaemelum,mixtum, Weed Science List
• Chamaemelum,mixtum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Chamaemelum,nobile,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chamaemelum,nobile,bas Anthemis nobilis L. (1753),Chamomile,Anthemis nobilis,"Western Europe UK & Eire, less in Central Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chamaemelum,nobile,bas Anthemis nobilis L. (1753),Weed Science List
• Chamomilla,aurea, "Matricaria aurea, Perideraca aurea",SW Medit Region,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chamomilla,aurea,Compositae ,"Matricaria aurea, Perideraca aurea",SW Medit Region,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chamomilla,recutita, Scented Mayweed,"Matricaria recutita, M. suaveolensEstablished in SA and NSW",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chamomilla,suaveolens, Pineapple Weed,"Matricaria matricarioides, M. suaveolens, M. discoidea",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Charieis,heterophylla, "33% germ of seeds in darkness & 19% light; seeds soaked in water overnight, placed on moist filter paper & germ at 26C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Chondrilla,juncea,"skeleton weed, gum succory, naked weed, rush skeleton weed",XXXX,L,Vic; SA; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chondrilla,juncea, Skeletonweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Chondrilla,juncea, Skeleton Weed,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Vegetative,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4,","Med, C Eur, W As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Chondrilla,juncea, Skeletonweed,"C. acantholepis, C. brevirostiris, C. canascens, C. graminea, C. latifolia","Mainland Europe, W Asia, N Amer & Aust",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chondrilla,juncea, "skeleton weed, gum succory, naked weed, rush skeleton weed","orig. from southern Soviet Union & Asia Minor west to Medit region inc. NAfr & Iberian Pen.; it is of little imprt. as weed excpt. in vine growing areas, fallow, lupin & cereal crops in Portugal, Spain, Italy Yugo & Lebanon;sprd to C Eur, N & S Amer & NZ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Chondrilla,juncea, Rush skeletonweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Chondrilla,juncea, rush skeleton weed,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Chondrilla,juncea, Skeleton weed n ,"PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoi","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Chondrilla,juncea, skeleton weed,Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Chondrilla,juncea, "skeleton weed, chondrilla, rush skeleton weed","Chondrilla juncea is a perennial composite that is not an important weed in its region of origin of Eurasia. However introduced into Australia in the early 1900s, it quickly infested thousands of hectares of pasture, wheat fields, roadsides and waste area",originated in Eurasia,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Chondrilla,juncea, rusk skeletonweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chondrilla,juncea, skeleton weed,P,Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Chromolaena,odorata, "chromolaena, siam weed","tropical Africa, gardens, natural vegetation",Fed. States of Micronesia; Guam; Papua New Guinea,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Chromolaena,odorata, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Chromolaena,odorata,"Eupatorium conyzoides, Eupatorium odoratum","Siam weed, bitter weed, Christmas bush, devil weed, hagonoy, triffid weed",E,LQ,Qld; WA; NT; NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chromolaena,odorata,Siam weed,E,L,Qld; WA; NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chromolaena,odorata, (less weedy form),Region of origin - southern Brazil; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - seed contaminant,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Chromolaena,odorata, (weedy form),"Region of origin - W Indies, trop S Amer, Mexico; Extent of spread - locally common; Means of spread - seed contaminant",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Chromolaena,odorata, triffid weed,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationWoody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, savanna, plantations,wooded kloofs, watercourses, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament","Origin: C & S Amer, West Indies",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Chromolaena,odorata, triffid weed,"Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationWoody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, savanna, plantations,wooded kloofs, watercourses, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament","Origin: C & S Amer, West Indies",Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Chromolaena,odorata, Siam weed,Weed Science List
• Chromolaena,odorata, Siam weed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Chromolaena,ordata," Eupatorium conyzoides, Eupatorium odoratum","Siam weed, bitter weed, Christmas bush, devil weed, hagonoy, triffid weed","in tropics Siam weed very competitive with pasture & plantation crops, coconuts, rubber, tea, oil palm, sugarcane, pineapple & tobacco reducing yields & in estab. phase, chokes out these crops as well as young forest trees; competes with dryland rice; cau","native of C Amer from Mexico to Brazil, including West Indies; not a serious weed in its native range but is a transient coloniser of cleared areas in the Amazon forest; introd as an ornamental to Calcutta in India, spread through Bengal, Assam & Burma to","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera,Osteospermum moniliferum,"boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush",HHHXXHw,NL,"Lord Howe Is.; Vic; Qld; SA; WA, NSW",Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera,Osteospermum moniliferum,"boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush",HXHXXwX,NL,"Lord Howe Is.; Vic; Qld; SA; WA, NSW",Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, Boneseed,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,12","Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, "boneseed, bitou bush"," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies)","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, "boneseed, bitou bush", Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, "boneseed, bitou bush",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata,Bitou Bush ,Major WeedSHRUBS.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata,Bitou Bush ,Trees/Shrubs.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. monilifera, Osteospermum moniliferum,"boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush","establishes in areas of native vegetation ranging from mallee scrub to wet sclerophyll forests, whether disturbed or not, & eventually out competes & eliminates many native sp.; has vigorous growth & has an absence of natural enemies; regenerates rapidly ","native of southern & south-eastern coastal areas of S Afr where there are 6 ssp, only 2 introd. to Aust; occurs in USA (Cal), Sicily, southern France & NZ, but has become more troublesome in Aust than elsewhere","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata, Bitou Bush,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4","S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata, Osteospermum moniliferum,"boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush","occurs along 60% of the NSW coast including 12 National Parks & 9 Nature Res, presently confined to coastal dunes & some forest areas & not extend more than 20km inland; Lord Howe Is. densely estab.; widespread & densely estab. in several areas in Vic, in","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Chrysanthemum,cinerariaefolium, "germ % increased with seed treated conc. sulphuric acid for 5-30 sec, washed in water for 4-5hrs, mixed with soil and sown; germ period 19-23 days",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Chrysanthemum,coronarium,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chrysanthemum,coronarium, Crown Daisy,"Southern Europe, more to extreme south",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chrysanthemum,coronarium, Weed Science List
• Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, Ox eye daisy,seed germ well after harvest; germ remains high up to 61 wks of storage; high germ % in light at 20C & light at alt. temp of 20-30C; cold stratification (moist seed at 1-7C for 1wk) prior reduces light senitivity & seed able to germ in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, Ox-eye daisy ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, "oxeye daisy, Margarita","Chrysanthemum leucanthemum has been declared a noxious weed in many areas. It is a weed of 13 crops in 40 countries and is frequently reported a principal weed of pastures. It is common in overgrazed pastures, waste areas and meadows.",native of Eur,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, oxeye daisy,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum,ox-eye daisy,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Chrysanthemum,myconis, Weed Science List
• Chrysanthemum,myconis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Chrysanthemum,parthenium, feverfew,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysanthemum,segetum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Chrysanthemum,segetum, "seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 75% germ after dry storage at room temp over winter",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Chrysanthemum,segetum, Corn Marigold,"All Europe, more in SE Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Chrysanthemum,segetum, Weed Science List
• Chrysanthemum,var. pinnatifidum, field oxeye daisy,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,graveolens, greenplume rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,greenei, Greene rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,nauseosus, rubber rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,parryi, Parry rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,pulchellus, southwest rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,var. lanceolatus, lanceleaf rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,var. stenophyllus, small rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Chrysothamnus,viscidiflorus, "green rabbitbrush, douglas rabbitbrush","Weed of Rangelands in Saratoga Wyoming, highly competitive brush species in conjunction with Ericameria nauseosa (gray rabbitbrush)","WeedSSA, article proceedings, Vol 51, 1998"
• Chrysothamnus,viscidiflorus, Douglas rabbitbrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cichorium,endivia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cichorium,endivia, Weed Science List
• Cichorium,intybus,chicory,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Cichorium,intybus,"chicory, witlof",XXXXX,L,Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cichorium,intybus, Chicory,70% germ with temp alt. of 20-30C & atl. exposure to light/dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cichorium,intybus, Chicory,"All Europe, except S Sweden & NE Europe, less in Sacndinavia, UK & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Cichorium,intybus, Weed Science List
• Cichorium,intybus, "chichory, coffee weed, bachelors buttons, blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, succory",Cichorium intybus is a troublesome weed in 30 crops in more than 40 countries and sites on agricultural lands and is serious in many of them.,"frequent in W Asia, Australia, Eur, & N Amer with exception of Mexico; less frequent along the equator, or in the Pacific Islands, or in Afr, with only a few scattered reports in north and south. It is found in the extreme north of the former Sov. Union a",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Cichorium,intybus, chicory,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cichorium,pumilum, Weed Science List
• Cichorium,pumilum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cichorium ,endivia,syn C. pumilum,Chicory,"fields, roadsidesGreen leaves eaten as salad; root used as a substitute for coffee or added to it for a special flavour","Medit, S Eur, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Cineraria,lyrata," cineraria, African marigold, wild parsely",LP,NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cineraria,lyrata, Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - unknown,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Cineraria,lyrata, " cineraria, African marigold, wild parsely","not regarded as a seroius weed in S Afr, in Aust it is not a problem in vigorous competitive pastures, occurring mainly along roadsides, fence lines & in adjacent lightly grazed bushland; eaten by stock; not knwon to be toxic, but causes gas in cheese & u","native of S Afr is a common grassland plant in the Transvaal, Orange Free State, Lesotho, Cape Province & less commonly in Natal; doent appear to have been widely spread outside of Afr","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Cineraria,lyrata, cineraria,Weed Science List
• Cineraria,lyrata, cineraria,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cirsium,acarna,soldier thistle,LP,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cirsium,acarna, Soldier thistle,Weed Science List
• Cirsium,acarna, Soldier thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cirsium,altissimum, tall thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cirsium,arvense,Cirsium lanatum,"perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle, corn thistle, creeping thistle, perennial creeping thistle",XXX,L,NSW; Vic; SA; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada thistle,"fresh seed needs pretreatment with cold (1-2C, seed moist) for 7 days, light for 3 days, germ at constant 20C; 91% germ of 2yr old seed alt. temp of 15C (16hrs)-30C (8hrs) in dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,arvense, Creeping Thistle,"C. argenteum, C horridum",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada thistle,"2,4-D/MCPA 1985 Hungary ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada thistle,MCPA 1979 Sweden , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada thistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada thistle,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Cirsium,arvense, Perennial thistle N # ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Cirsium,arvense, "perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle", Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Cirsium,arvense, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Cirsium,arvense, Canada thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
  Cirsium,arvense, "perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cirsium,arvense,Canada thistle,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Cirsium,centaureae, Cirsium americanum,full seed 50% germ at 18C in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,flodmani, Flodman thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cirsium,heterophyllum, "seeds germ in 1st spring after collection; seeds germ soon after harvest, exposed to temps similiar to those prevailing outdoors; seeds left in germinator until germ or rotted; 70% germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,hillii, 52% germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in late autumn of year collected; germ over 13-41 days after planting; seeds planted in soil & kept outdoors for 83 days during autumn & winter 72% germ within 11-98 days once in greenhouse,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,horridulum, Yellow thistle,poor germ of seeds collected in early summer & tested in Sept. on moist paper toweling in a saturated atmosphere at room temp; seed surface sterilized for 2min in 5% sodium hypochlorite & rinsed in sterile water germ better than unsterilized seed,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,horridulum, yellow thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cirsium,japonicum, , Miyasaki Oita ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Cirsium,japonicum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cirsium,muticum, 8% germ of seed planted in greenhouse in late autumn of year collected; germ over 29-299 days; seeds planted & kept outdoors for 83 days during late autumn & winter also germ 8% but germ occurred over 21-42 days afte transfer to greenhouse,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,nipponicum, , Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Cirsium,nipponicum, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Cirsium,ochrocentrum, Yellowspine Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Cirsium,oleraceum, "seeds germ well after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,pitcheri, 48% germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in late autumn of year collected; germ occurred over 13-69 days; seed planted in soil & kept outdoors over autumn & winter for 71 days germ 84% within 7-28 days after transfer to greenhouse,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,pumilum, pasture thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cirsium,tanakae, , Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Cirsium,undulatum, Wavyleaf Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Cirsium,undulatum, "76% germ of seeds with alt. temp of 20-30C, & alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,vulgare,"Carduus lanceolatus, Carduus vulgaris, Cirsium lanceolatum","spear thistle, black thistle, bull thistle, fuller's thistle, Scotch thistle, swamp thistle",HHXAHX,L,Vic; SA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cirsium,vulgare, Bull Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Cirsium,vulgare, Cirsium lanceolatum,Bull thistle,"40% germ of seeds in dark at 20C, 80% in dark at temp alt. 20-30C & 72% with alt. light/dark at 20-3-C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cirsium,vulgare, Spear Thistle,"C. lanceolatum, C. crinitum, C. microcephalum, C. strigosum",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
  Cirsium,vulgare, Bull thistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Cirsium,vulgare, "spear thistle, Scotch thistle","Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsides, old & degraded lands, vlei & dam margins, riverbanks, in cool, high rainfall areas.Cultivated for: ornamental",Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Cirsium,vulgare, "spear thistle, Scotch thistle","Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsides, old & degraded lands, vlei & dam margins, riverbanks, in cool, high rainfall areas.Cultivated for: ornamental",Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Cirsium,vulgare, Spear thistle * ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea", "South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Cirsium,vulgare, spear thistle,Weed Science List
• Cirsium,vulgare, "black thistle, bull thistle, scotch thistle, spear thistle","Cirsium vulgare is a robust, spiny, unpalatable thistle that is the scourage of pastures and rangelands in 20 countries. It is a weed in more than 50 countries and troublesome in 20 crops",as a weed it is confined to the north and south temperate zones. ,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Cirsium,vulgare, bull thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cirsium ,arvense, Cirsium lanatum,"perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle, corn thistle, creeping thistle, perennial creeping thistle","occurs commonly throughout Gippsland & parts of W. Districts in Vic as weed of pastures, isolated patches in NSW, widespd in all farming dist. in Tas, no import. in other States where only isolated patches have occurred & been eradicated","originated in Eur, NAfr, W Asia &as far east as China & Japan, recognised as import. weed in southern Eur as early as 16thC; spread to most temp parts of world; prob. & most import. weed of NAmer, Canada & NZ; consid. most persistent & troublesome thistle","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Cirsium ,vulgare, Spear Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4-9,11-15","Eur, As, N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Cirsium ,vulgare," Carduus lanceolatus, Carduus vulgaris, Cirsium lanceolatum","spear thistle, black thistle, bull thistle, fuller's thistle, Scotch thistle, swamp thistle","rosettes cover up to a 1/3 sq.m, reduce carrying capacity of paddocks with dense infestations, stock dont readily graze it, comp. with pastures & cereal crops","originated in Eur, W Asia, N Afr, has spread to most temp regions of the world; occurs commonly in N Amer; import. & widespd weed of pastures & neglected areas in NZ & S Afr","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Cirsium ,vulgare,bull thistle,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Cnicus,benedictus,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cnicus,benedictus, Blessed Thistle,"Southern Europe, less Eastern Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Cnicus,benedictus, Weed Science List
• Cnicus,benedictus, blessed thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Coleostephus,myconis, "Chrysanthemum myconis, Myconia myconis, Leucanthemum myconis",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Coleostephus,myconis,Compositae ,"Chrysanthemum myconis, Myconia myconis, Leucanthemum myconis",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Conyza,aegyptiaca,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,aegyptiaca, Weed Science List
• Conyza,albida,Conyza sumatrensis,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,bibaoana, Weed Science List
• Conyza,bilbaoana,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,bonariensis,XXXXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,bonariensis, Hairy Fleabane,"C. ambigua, Erigeron bonariensis, E. crispus",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Conyza,bonariensis, Hairy fleabane,"sulfonylureas 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,bonariensis, Hairy fleabane,paraquat 1989 Japan Roadside , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,bonariensis, Hairy fleabane,paraquat 1993 Egypt , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,bonariensis, Hairy fleabane,simazine 1987 Spain Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,bonariensis, Hairy fleabane,"triazines 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,bonariensis,syn Erigeron bonariense; E. crispus; E. linifolius; Conyza ambigua; C. linifolia,Fleabane,roadsides and negelected land both in dry and moist habitats,"Naturalised from trop. Amer, widely naturalised in Medit, Asia, & many subtrop. & warm regions of the world","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Conyza,bonariensis, Weed Science List
• Conyza,canadensis,"Canadian fleabane, Canadian horseweed, horseweed",XXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,canadensis, Canadian Fleabane,Erigeron canadensis,"All Europe, except Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,linuron 1988 France Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,"sulfonylureas 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,paraquat 1993 Canada Peach , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,"atrazine 1987 Czech Republic Corn, Nurseries,", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,atrazine 1987 Spain Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,"atrazine 1989 Belgium Corn, Nurseries, ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,simazine 1982 United Kingdom Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,triazines 1981 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,"triazines 1982 Switzerland Corn, Nurseries, ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,triazines 1983 Poland Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Horseweed ,"triazines 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,canadensis, Weed Science List
• Conyza,canadensis,syn ,"Canada fleabane, butterweed, blood-stanch, colt's tail, fireweed, hogweed, horseweed, mare's tail, pride weed",Conyza canadensis is a weed in 70 countries and appears in more than 40 crops,prospers as a weed mainly in the north temperate zone although it has worldwide distribution.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Conyza,chilensis,C. scabiosifolia? &/or C. primulifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,chilensis, Weed Science List
• Conyza,japonica, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Conyza,leucantha,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,linifolia, Horseweed ,diquat 1989 Egypt , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,parva,C. canadensis var. pusilla,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,parva, Weed Science List
• Conyza,primulifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,scabiosifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza,sumatrensis, Sumatran Fleabane,"paraquat 1980 Taiwan Cropland, Roadside, ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,sumatrensis, Sumatran Fleabane,"paraquat 1987 Japan Cropland, Roadside ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza,sumatrensis, Sumatran Fleabane,paraquat 1990 Malaysia Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Conyza ,aegyptiaca,syn ,Nile and canal banks,"trop. & subtrop. Afr, Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Conyza ,albida,Fleabane,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Conyza ,albida, Fleabane,"Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,W. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2-9,12,13","N&S Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Coreopsis,grandiflora,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Coreopsis,grandiflora, Weed Science List
• Coreopsis,lanceolata,C. grandiflora misapplied in WA,tickseed,HXw,G,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Coreopsis,lanceolata, "62% germ over 14-217 days of seed held in soil outdoors for 112 days during autumn & winter, then transferred to greenhouse; seeds planted directly into greenhouse germ 90% but over 90-329 days ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Coreopsis,lanceolata, Weed Science List
• Coreopsis,tinctoria, plains coreopsis,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Coreopsis,verticillata, 22% germ in greenhouse in Feb from seed collected previous summer & dry stored until planted,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cosmos,bipinnatus,"cosmos, garden cosmos",XX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cosmos,bipinnatus, Cosmos,Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,"Introduced deliberately from: C Am and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Cosmos,bipinnatus, Weed Science List
• Cosmos,bipinnatus,cosmos,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Cosmos,capitata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cosmos,capitata, Region of origin - Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Cosmos,caudatus,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cosmos,caudatus, "85% germ of seeds planted soon after harvest, in sand sterilized with 2% mercuric chloride",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Cosmos,caudatus, Weed Science List
• Cosmos,sulphureus,cosmos,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Cotula,abyssinica, Weed Science List
• Cotula,abyssinica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cotula,anthemoides, Weed Science List
• Cotula,anthemoides, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cotula,anthemoides,syn ,"canal banks, moist ground","trop. & S Afr, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Cotula,australis,Anacyclus austsralis,"carrot weed, batchelor's button, common cotula",P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cotula,australis, Anacyclus austsralis,"carrot weed, batchelor's button, common cotula","locally common in grasslands, but rarely eaten by stock, because of its very strong odour; more common as a weed of lawns, gardens & playing fields","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Cotula,australis, carrot weed,Weed Science List
• Cotula,australis, southern brassbuttons,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Cotula,australis, carrot weed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cotula,bipinnata,Ferny Cotula,HX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cotula,bipinnata, Ferny Cotula,"Dispersal: Water,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 11","S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Cotula,bipinnata, Weed Science List
• Cotula,coronopifolia,water buttons,HX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cotula,coronopifolia, Water Buttons,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual/Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10,11","S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Cotula,coronopifolia, "Western Europe, UK, Eire & Norway",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Cotula,coronopifolia, Weed Science List
• Cotula,turbinata,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cotula,turbinata, Weed Science List
• Crassocephalum,crepidiodes, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Crassocephalum,crepidioides,"redflower ragleaf, thickhead",X,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crassocephalum,crepidioides, Thickhead,Weed Science List
• Crassocephalum,crepidioides,syn Gynura crepidioides,thick head,"arable land, rivers & roadsides, tean & cinchona plantations, particularly in wet localities; from 250-2500m alt; flowers all year round; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, readily eaten by livestock & a useful green fodder for poultry","tropical Afr, tropics of Asia; in 1926 first found near Medan (N Sumatra); deliberately imported to Java where it soon became naturalised & spread throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Crassocephalum,crepidioides, Thickhead,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Crassocephalum,crepidoides, "tropical America, plantations, waste land",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Crassocephalum,crepoidiodes, ,paraquat 1990 Malaysia Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Crepis,biennis, Rough hawksbeard,seeds germ soon after harvested; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Crepis,biennis, Rough Hawk's Beard,All Europe except S Sweden,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,biennis, Weed Science List
• Crepis,biennis, rough hawksbeard,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Crepis,bullosa,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crepis,bullosa, Weed Science List
• Crepis,bullosa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Crepis,capillaris,Smooth Hawksbeard,HX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crepis,capillaris, Smooth Hawksbeard,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,6,8,13,14,15","Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Crepis,capillaris, Smooth hawksbeard,92% germ with alt. light/dark & alt. temp 20-30C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Crepis,capillaris, Smooth Hawk's Beard,C. virens,"All Europe except Norway, Finland & N Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,capillaris, Weed Science List
• Crepis,capillaris, smooth hawksbeard,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Crepis,dioscoridis,(?? is this Crepis setosa in other States),Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crepis,foetida,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crepis,foetida, Stinking Hawk's Beard,"Barkhousia foetide, C. rhoeadifolia, C. striornyi, Rodigia commutata, R. bulgarica",Mainland Europe & UK except Denmark ,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,foetida, Weed Science List
• Crepis,neglecta, P,"No records of species presence in Australia, found as a contaminant in Turf seed from OS.Last up date to Web site from to this record: 31 July 1998","Distribution: Albania, Bulgaria, Crete, Greece, Italy, Jugoslavia, Sicily, Turkey.",Western Australian Prohibited List
• Crepis,nicaeenus, Weed Science List
• Crepis,occidentalis, Western hawksbeard,"no germ with temp alt. 20-30C; 8% germ with 15C & alt. light/dark, 20C in dark, 20-30C with alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
  Crepis,occidentalis, western hawksbeard,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Crepis,pusilla,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crepis,pusilla, Weed Science List
• Crepis,sancta, "Lagoseris sancta, L. bifida, L. macrantha, Pterotheca sancta","Eastern & Southern Europe, less in SW Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,sancta,Compositae ,"Lagoseris sancta, L. bifida, L. macrantha, Pterotheca sancta","Eastern & Southern Europe, less in SW Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,setosa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crepis,setosa, Bristly Hawk's Beard,"C. dobrogica, Barkhousia setosa","Central to Southern Europe, less in North",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,setosa, Weed Science List
• Crepis,tectorum, Narrowleaf hawksbeard,"all, or most seed germ in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps prevailing outdoors until germ; 94 % germ, 77% germ after 3yrs, 9% germ after 5yrs, &0% germ after 6yrs dry storage in paper bags at room temp",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Crepis,tectorum, "All Europe except Greece, Uk & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,tectorum,Compositae ,"All Europe except Greece, Uk & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,tectorum, narrowleaf hawksbeard,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Crepis,vesicaria,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crepis,vesicaria, Beaked Hawk's Beard,C. taraxacifolia,"SW Europe, UK & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,zacintha, Zacintha verrucosa,"Southern & Western Europe, found as far East as S Russia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crepis,zacintha,Compositae ,Zacintha verrucosa,"Southern & Western Europe, found as far East as S Russia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crupina,vulgaris,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Crupina,vulgaris, Bearded Creeper ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Crupina,vulgaris, C. acuta,Southern to SE Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Crupina,vulgaris, Common crupina ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Crupina,vulgaris, common crupina,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Crupina,vulgaris, Weed Science List
• Cynara,cardunculus,"artichoke thistle, wild artichoke, cardoon, Scotch thistle",HXX,L,Vic; SA; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cynara,cardunculus, Artichoke Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Cynara,cardunculus, Artichoke Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Cynara,cardunculus, Artichoke Thistle,"Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal external.animal (not bird), internal.Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8","Med and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Cynara,cardunculus, "artichoke thistle, wild artichoke, cardoon, Scotch thistle","import. weed of pastures & occasionally, lucerne; was estab. dominates the vegetation of an area; large plants with dense foliage shade pasture sp. & draw moisture & nutrients from the soil; animals will eat leaves & graze on them only when hungry","native of Medit region has now spread to several temp areas of world; imported to N Amer as edible plant, now a weed in California; occurs in NZ, is import. weed in Arg, Chile, Brazil & Uruguay, Spain, & Morocco","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Cynara,cardunculus, "wild artichoke, artichoke thistle, cardoon",From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Cynara,cardunculus, Wild artichoke * ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Cynara,cardunculus, "artichoke thistle, Cardoon, wild artichoke", Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Cynara,cardunculus, "artichoke thistle, Cardoon, wild artichoke",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Cynara,scolymus,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Cynara,scolymus, Weed Science List
• Cynara,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Delairea,odorata,Senecio mikanioides,Cape ivy,HHXXXw,NL,NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Delairea,odorata, Cape Lvy,"Dispersal: Vegetative,?Wind. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,5,6,7,8,13","Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Delairea,odorata, Cape Ivy ,Vines.,"Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
• Delairea,odorata, Weed Science List
• Dichrocephala,bicolor, Weed Science List
• Dichrocephala,bicolor, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Dichrocephala,integrifolia,"syn Dichrocephala bicolor, Dichrocephala latifolia, Cotula latifolia, Grangea latifolia","sunny or light or rather heavily shaded, always moist, preferably stony areas; along roads & trails, compounds, along water courses & borders of cultivated land; usually scattered, sometimes numerous; in Java form 30-2400m, in Irian Jaya to 3000m alt; mai","tropical Asia, from Asia through Malesia to Aust, the Pacific & Afr; everywhere in Indonesia except Kalimantan","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Dimorphotheca,ecklonis,Dimorphotheca,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Dimorphotheca,ecklonis, Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised - spreading; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Dimorphotheca,ecklonis, Dimorphotheca,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,"Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Dimorphotheca,pluvialis,Cape marigold,XXH,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Dimorphotheca,pluvialis, Cape Marigold,"Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5","Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Dimorphotheca,pluvialis, 54% germ of seed in dark at 26C; seed soaked overnight in water only those that swelled used,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Dimorphotheca,pluvialis, Weed Science List
• Dimorphotheca,sinuata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Dimorphotheca,sinuata, Weed Science List
• Dittrichia,graveolens,Inula graveolens,"stinkwort, camphor inula, stink-weed",XXX,L,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Dittrichia,graveolens, Stinkweed,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,3,4,5","Med, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Dittrichia,graveolens, "Inula graveolens, Cupularia graveolens",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Dittrichia,graveolens, Inula graveolens,"stinkwort, camphor inula, stink-weed","strongest smeling of all weeds because of its aromatic oil produced by glandular hairs on most parts of the plant; camphor-like smell, repells grazing animals, eating the plant only when very young; oil discolours wool, taints meat & milk","native of Medit region, occurs in several temp areas of the world, it only in S Afr, Aust, & NZ & parts of its native range that it is regarded as a weed; troublesome in cereal areas of Cape Province of S Afr & occurs throughout southern Eur & Morocco as ","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Dittrichia,graveolens, stinkwort,Weed Science List
• Dittrichia,viscosa,false yellowhead,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Dittrichia,viscosa, "Inula viscosa, Cupularia viscosa",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Dittrichia,viscosa, Weed Science List
• Dyssodia,papposa, fetid marigold,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Echinacea,paradoxa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Echinops,sphaerocephalus,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Echinops,sphaerocephalus, Weed Science List
• Eclipta,alba,syn Verbesina alba; Eclipta prostrata,False daisy,"canal banks, moist ground; naturalised""Juice of plant applied to scalp to promote hair growth, taken internally it blackens the hair and beard""",trop. & warm temp. Amer; naturalised Old World,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Eclipta,alba, yerb-de-tago, Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Eclipta,alba, yerba-de-tago,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eclipta,prostrata, annual , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Eclipta,prostrata,"syn Eclipta alba, E. erecta var. prostrata, E. erecta var. erecta, E. erecta var. zippeliana, Verbesina prostrata","false daisy, whiteheads","adaptable to changing evironmental conditions, usually on poorly drained, wet areas along streams & ditches in marshes, on sunny places; from the seacoast (endures saline conditions) to 2000m; flowering all year round; can produce more than 17 000 seeds/p","unknown, world-wide, tropical & subtropical; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Egletes,prostrata, Weed Science List
• Egletes,prostrata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Elephantopus,mollis,"tobacco weed, Elephants leaf",GLP,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Elephantopus,mollis, Region of origin - trop. Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental ?,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Elephantopus,mollis, tobacco weed,Weed Science List
• Elephantopus,mollis, tobacco weed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Elephantopus,mollis (= E. scaber),= E. scaber,"elephant's foot, tobacco weed","Caribbean, vegetables, field crops, tree crops",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Elephantopus,scaber,tobacco weed,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Elephantopus,scaber, tobacco weed,Weed Science List
• Elephantopus,scaber, elephantsfoot,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Elephantopus,scaber, tobacco weed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Elephantopus,spicatus, "71% germ of dry stored seed at room temp for several mths, then planted in moist sand",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Elephantopus,tomentosus, tobacco weed,Weed Science List
• Elephantopus,tomentosus, tobacco weed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Eleutheranthera,ruderalis, "Caribbean, ",Cook Islands; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Eleutheranthera,ruderalis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Eleutheranthera,ruderalis,"syn Eleutheranthera ovata, Eleutheranthera prostrata","sunny to rather densely shaded, not too dry areas, in regions with a more or less pronounced dry season; in fields & compounds, alang-aland & other grass fields, along roadsides, under hedges & in village tree clumps; locally abundant; up to 800m alt; upl","tropical Amer , in 1888 observed in W Java for the first time; has now spread throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Elytropappus,rhinocerotis, Weed Science List
• Elytropappus,rhinocerotis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Emilia,sonchifolia, "emilia, red tassel flower","tropical America, ",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Emilia,sonchifolia,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Emilia,sonchifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Emilia,sonchifolia, Weed Science List
• Emilia,sonchifolia, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Emilia,sonchifolia, "emilia, purple sow thistle, red groundsel, red tassel-flower","Emilia sonchifolia is an annual herbaceous plant common in both cultivated and undisturbed areasof 54 countries, often as an early colonizer of disturbed sites. It is a reported weed of 29 crops in 54 countries ann infests bananas, cassava, maize, pineapp",native of the Old World tropics and now occurs in the tropical and subtropical areas of 54 countries.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Emilia,sonchifolia, red tasselflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Encelia,mexicana, Weed Science List
• Encelia,mexicana, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Endrya,sessilis, Weed Science List
• Endrya,sessilis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Enhydra,fluctuans,"syn Enhydra linifolia, Enhydra longifolia, Enhydra paludosa, Tetractis paludosa","sunny & marshy cultivated areas in & along ditches & water courses, & margins of fishponds; up to 1800m alt; usually gregarious; irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance; impedes water flow in streams, a good vegetable, also cultiv","Indochina, in Indonesia: Java, Sumatra & Sulawesi","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Erechtites,glomerata, Australian Fireweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Erechtites,gomerata, Australian fireweed,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Erechtites,hieracifolia, American burnweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erechtites,minima, Australian Fireweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Erechtites,minima, Toothed coast burnweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Erechtites,prenanthoides, Australian burnweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erechtites,valerianifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Erechtites,valerianifolia, Weed Science List
• Ericameria,nauseosa,syn Chrysothamnus nauseosa,gray rabbitbrush,"Weed of Rangelands in Saratoga Wyoming, highly competitive brush species in conjunction with Chrysothamnus viscidflorus (douglas rabbitbrush)","WeedSSA, article proceedings, Vol 51, 1998"
• Erigeron,acer, Blue Fleabane,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Erigeron,acer,Compositae ,Blue Fleabane,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Erigeron,annuus, Stenactis annua,"Mainland Europe, except Greece & Russia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Erigeron,annuus, Weed Science List
• Erigeron,annuus, ,Shimane Shizuoka Upland Japan Hokkaido Miyagi Niigata Oita Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Erigeron,annuus, annual fleabane,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erigeron,annuus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Erigeron,bonariense, 68% germ of seeds placed on moist soil & covered with polyethylene film in light,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Erigeron,canadensis, Horseweed,seed begins to germ almost immediately after harvest; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Erigeron,canadensis, biennial sub-dominance ,Shimane Upland Korea Upland Japan Hokkaido Miyagi Miyasaki Niigata Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Erigeron,canadensis, horseweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erigeron,divaricatus, dwarf fleabane,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erigeron,karvinskianus,"Mexican daisy, seaside daisy",w,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Erigeron,karvinskianus, (OTHERS?),Weed Science List
• Erigeron,linifolius, , Upland Korea ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Erigeron,philadelphicus, Philadelphia fleabane,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Erigeron,philadelphicus, Philadelphia fleabane,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erigeron,pulchellus, robinsplantain,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erigeron,speciosus, Oregon fleabane,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erigeron,strigosus, rough fleabane,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Erigeron,sumatrensis, ,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Erigeron,sumatrensis, Weeds of sown grassland ,Shimane Shizuoka Miyasaki Oita Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Erigeron ,spp., needs light for germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Eriocephalus,africanus,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
  Eriocephalus,africanus, Weed Science List
• Eriocephalus,racemosus,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Eriocephalus,racemosus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Eriophyllum,lanatum, "84% germ alt. temps 20-30C in dark, 80% at 20C constant in dark, 64% germ at 20-30C with alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Erlangea,laxa, Weed Science List
• Erlangea,laxa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ethulia,conyzoides,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ethulia,conyzoides, Weed Science List
• Euchiton,audax,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Eupatorium,adenophorum, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Eupatorium,adenophorum, pamakani,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,cannabinum, seeds germ in 1st & 2nd spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 94% germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Eupatorium,cannabinum, Hemp Agrimony,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Eupatorium,cannabinum,Compositae ,Hemp Agrimony,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Eupatorium,capillifolium, dog fennel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,compositifolium, yankeeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,glandulosum, sticky eupatorium,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,japonicum, Weed Science List
• Eupatorium,japonicum, chinense,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Eupatorium,liatrideum, Weed Science List
• Eupatorium,liatrideum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
  Eupatorium,macrocephalum, Weed Science List
• Eupatorium,macrocephalum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Eupatorium,maculatum, joepyeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,odoratum, Seed Impurities , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Eupatorium,odoratum,"syn Eupatorium odoratum, Chromolaena ordata",Siam weed ,"prefers well-drained sites, sunny or slightly shaded areas (dies under a closed tree canopy), in brushwood, abandoned land & wastelands; invades clearings rapidly; grows very quickly & has an enormous seed production; there might be allelopathic substance","C & S Amer, pantropical; introd in Java via Thailand (hence called ""Siam weed""), then spread throughout Indonesia; also in SE Aust, N India, S Afr & Peru","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Eupatorium,pallescens, Weed Science List
• Eupatorium,pallescens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Eupatorium,perfoliatum, boneset,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,purpureum, sweetscented joepyeweed,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Eupatorium,purpureum, 30% germ of seed exposed to freezing & thawing conditions while stored outside over winter once planted in greenhouse; light may be beneficial,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Eupatorium,purpureum, sweetscented joepyeweed,P,Listed in The Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes.No records for species in Australia.,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Eupatorium,riparium, river eupatorium,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,rotundifolium, "6% germ of seed exposed to low temp in soil outdoors for 71days, 1% germ of seed planted directly in greenhouse",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Eupatorium,rugosum, white snakeroot,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,serotinum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Eupatorium,serotinum, Weed Science List
• Eupatorium,serotinum, late eupatorium,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Eupatorium,spp., dog fennel,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Euryops,abrotanifolius,"euryops, geelmagriet",HX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Euryops,abrotanifolius, Euryops,"Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,5","Introduced deliberately from: Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Euryops,abrotanifolius, Weed Science List
• Euryops,chrysanthemoides,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Euryops,chrysanthemoides, Weed Science List
• Euryops,spathaceus, "50% germ of seeds presoaked overnight(swollen seed only used), on moist filter paper at 26C in dark within 2wks",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Evax,multicaulis, manystem evax,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Evax,pygmea, Weed Science List
• Facelis,apiculata, facelis,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Facelis,retusa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Facelis,retusa, Weed Science List
• Felicia,bergeriana, 83% germ of seed presoaked overnight (swollen seed only used); germ at 26C in dark within 2mths,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Felicia,petiolata,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Felicia,petiolata, Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Felicia,rotundifolia, 72% germ of seed presoaked overnight (swollen seed only used); germ at 26C in dark within 2mths,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Felicia,X Ferobergia, X Ferobergia spp.,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Filaginella,uliginosa, Marsh Cudweed,Gnaphalium uliginosum,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Filaginella,uliginosa,Compositae ,Marsh Cudweed,Gnaphalium uliginosum,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Filago,lutescens, Red tipped Cudweed,"F. apiculata, F. germanica","Mainland Europe, UK & S Sweden except Greece and extreme NE Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Filago,lutescens,Compositae ,Red tipped Cudweed,"F. apiculata, F. germanica","Mainland Europe, UK & S Sweden except Greece and extreme NE Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Filago,pygmea,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Filago,pyramidata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Filago,pyramidata, Broad leaved Cudweed,"F. cossyrensis, F. cuneata, F. germanica, F. spathulata","Central, Southern and Western Europe & UK",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Filago,pyramidata, Weed Science List
• Filago,vulgaris, Cudweed,"F. canescens, F. germanica, F. eriocephala","Mainland Europe, S Sweden & UK except Portugal & Extreme NE Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Filago,vulgaris,Compositae ,Cudweed,"F. canescens, F. germanica, F. eriocephala","Mainland Europe, S Sweden & UK except Portugal & Extreme NE Europe",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Flaveria,contrayerba, Weed Science List
• Flaveria,contrayerba, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Fleischmannia,microstemon, Weed Science List
• Fleischmannia,microstemon, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Flourensia,cernua, tarbush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Franseria,acanthicarpa, only 4% germ of seed tested within 1yr of collection at alt. temp of 20-30C in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Franseria,acanthicarpa, annual bursage,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Franseria,confertiflora, slimleaf bursage,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Franseria,discolor, skeletonleaf bursage,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Franseria,tomentosa, woollyleaf bursage,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gaillardia,aristata,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gaillardia,aristata, 84% germ at alt. temp 20-30C & alt. light/dark on moist blotters in petri dishes,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gaillardia,aristata, Weed Science List
• Gaillardia,pulchella,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gaillardia,pulchella,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gaillardia,pulchella, Weed Science List
• Gaillardia,pulchella, rosering gaillardia,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gaillardia,X grandiflora,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Galactites,tomentosum, Milk Thistle,G. pumila,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Galactites,tomentosum,Compositae ,Milk Thistle,G. pumila,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Galinsoga,ciliata, Hairy galinsoga,seed collected at various periods after flwing; viable seed present between 5-6 days after flwing; germin daylight at 20-30C on towelling moistened with KNO3 soln; no general dormancy,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Galinsoga,ciliata, Shaggy Soldier,"G. aristulata, G. caracasana, G. quadriradiata",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Galinsoga,ciliata,Compositae ,Shaggy Soldier,"G. aristulata, G. caracasana, G. quadriradiata",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Galinsoga,ciliata, Hairy Galinsoga,atrazine 1980 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Galinsoga,ciliata, Hairy Galinsoga,triazines 1991 Switzerland Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Galinsoga,ciliata, Hairy Galinsoga,imazethapyr 1996 USA Soybean , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Galinsoga,ciliata, hairy galinsoga,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Galinsoga,parviflora,"smallflower galinsoga, potato weed, gallant soldier, yellow weed, joey hooker",X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Galinsoga,parviflora, Small flower galinsoga,germ at alt. temp 5-15C; good germ of recently harvested seed at all temps between 10-35C; germ of seed harvested early or late in summer stimulated by light,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Galinsoga,parviflora, Gallant Soldier,G. quinquiradiata,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Galinsoga,parviflora, Weed Science List
• Galinsoga,parviflora,syn Wollastona zollingeriana,yellow weed,"in sunny to rather shady areas; has strong preference for porous, reasonably to very fertile not too dry soils; in arabale lands, gardens, roadsides, wastelands, forest margins, in light forests, in sugarcane, tea, coffee & cinchona plantations; locally v","Peru, tropical, temperate & subtropical regions; found for the first time in Java before 1890 & has spread throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan & the Moluccas","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Galinsoga,parviflora, smallflower galinsoga,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Galinsoga,spp., quickweeds,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Gamochaeta,americana,Gnaphalium americanum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gamochaeta,antillarum,Gnaphalium antillarum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gamochaeta,calviceps,Gnaphalium calviceps,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gamochaeta,pennsylvanica,Gnaphalium pennsylvanicum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gamochaeta,purpurea,"Gamochaeta spicata, Gnaphalium spicatum, Gnaphalium purpureum",Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gamochaeta,subfalcata,??now Gamochaeta calviceps,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gamolepis,chrysanthemoid, Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Gamolepis,chrysanthemoides,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gazania,linearis,Gazania,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gazania,linearis, Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Gazania,linearis, Gazania,"Dispersal: Water,?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4","Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Gazania,linearis, Weed Science List
• Gazania,rigens,coastal gazania,XXHw,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gnaphalium,americanum, Weed Science List
• Gnaphalium,calviceps, Weed Science List
• Gnaphalium,calviceps, linearleaf cudweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gnaphalium,chilense, 0% germ over a number of different germ technqiues; tests conducted within 1yr after collection,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gnaphalium,japonicum, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Gnaphalium,luteo-album, germ well at constant temp 21C or lower,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gnaphalium,luteo-album, Jersy Cudweed,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Gnaphalium,luteo-album,Compositae ,Jersy Cudweed,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Gnaphalium,luteo-album,syn ,Cudweed,"Nile and canal banks, moist ground",Widespread in temp. to subtrop. regions of the world,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Gnaphalium,macounii, clammy cudweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gnaphalium,microcephalum, 92% germ with alt. light/dark at constant 15C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gnaphalium,multiceps, biennial sub-dominance , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Gnaphalium,obtusifolium, var. praecox Gnaphalium polychephalum,Fragrant everlasting,52% germ at 20-25C with diffuse light in 5-24 days; 35% germ in darrk at 20-25C in 5-36 days,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gnaphalium,obtusifolium, fragrant cudweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gnaphalium,pensylvanicum, Weed Science List
• Gnaphalium,peregrinum, wandering cudweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gnaphalium,polycaulon,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gnaphalium,pulvinatum,syn ,"Nile and canal banks, moist ground","Egypt, Sudan, Arabia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Gnaphalium,purpureum,Purple Cudweed,HX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gnaphalium,purpureum, Purple Cudweed,"Dispersal: ?animal external,Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,13","N Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Gnaphalium,purpureum, Purple cudweed,germ well at constant temp of 21C or lower,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gnaphalium,purpureum, Weed Science List
• Gnaphalium,purpureum, purple cudweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gnaphalium,subfalcatum, Weed Science List
• Gnaphalium,uliginosum, Low cudweed,optimum temp for germ 35C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gnaphalium,uliginosum, Weed Science List
  Gnaphalium,uliginosum, low cudweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gnaphalium,uliginosum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Gnaphalium,undulatum, germ well only at constant temp of 21C or lower,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Gorteria,personata,"Gorteria calendulacea, Gorteria diffusa var. calendulacea",L,WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gorteria,personata," Gorteria calendulacea, Gorteria diffusa var. calendulacea","WA-P1,P2, whole State",recorded in WA for 1st time in 1964 on roadside between Moora & Miling; has since spread N & S along the western edge of the WA wheatbelt & now scattered over an area from 28-32 degrees S lat; doesnt occur in any other State,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Gorteria,personata, gorteria, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Gorteria,personata, gorteria,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Grangea,maderaspatana,syn Cotula maderaspatana,marcella,"in desiccated pools, ditches, waste places, teak forests; often gregarious; prefers heavy soils; from 4-800m alt.; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, leaves are used against spasms in hysterics & against irregular menses","India, tropical Asia; in Indonesia: Java, Sumatra & the Lesser Sunda Islands","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Grindelia,camporum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Grindelia,camporum, Weed Science List
• Grindelia,nana, 64% germ with alt. 20-30C & alt. exposure to light with prechilling at with alt. temps of 15-25C with alt. exposure to light for 4wks.,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Grindelia,squarrosa, Gumweed,8% germ at 15C with alt. light/dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Grindelia,squarrosa, var. quasiperennis Grindelia perennis,planted seeds in field in the autumn of year of collection; seeds exhibited high degree of dormancy & seedlings continued to emerge from original planting during all 5yrs of study,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Grindelia,squarrosa, gumweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Guizotia,abyssinica,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Guizotia,abyssinica, Weed Science List
• Guizotia,villosa, Weed Science List
• Guizotia,villosa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Gutierrezia,dracunculoides, common broomweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gutierrezia,microcephala, threadleaf snakeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gutierrezia,sarothrae, broom snakeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gutierrezia,texana, Texas broomweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides,"Senegal tea plant, temple plant",E,LP,Qld; NSW; Tas; SA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, Region of origin - C AMer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - Aquaria,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, "Senegal tea plant, temple plant","extremely hardy plant with a growth rate exceeding 15cm a week in fertile situations; long branching stems produce a tangled web of vegetative material that quickly covers the water surface; impedes water flow, navigation & recreation","native of trop & subtrop Amer from Mexico to Arg., which has been introd, mainly as an aquarium plant to other countries","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, Senegal tea plant ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies) Roadside control cost to be","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, "Senegal tea plant, temple plant",Weed Science List
• Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, "Senegal tea plant, temple plant",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Haplopappus,arborescens, fleece goldenweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Haplopappus,bloomeri, rabbitbrush goldenweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Haplopappus,coronopifolius, Halopappus glutinosus,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Haplopappus,laricifolius, turpentinebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Haplopappus,plurifolius, jimmyweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Haplopappus,tenuisectus, burroweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hedypnois,cretica,= Hedypnois rhagodioloides var cretica (APNI),"H. globulifera, H. polymorpha, H. rhagaioloides, H. tubiformis",Southern & SE Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Hedypnois,cretica,= Hedypnois rhagodioloides var cretica (APNI),"H. globulifera, H. polymorpha, H. rhagaioloides, H. tubiformis",Southern & SE Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Hedypnois,rhagadioloides, Weed Science List
• Hedypnois,rhagodioloides,"Hedypnois rhagadioloides, Hedypnois cretica",cretan weed,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hedyponis,cretica,Cretan Hedypnois,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hedyponis,cretica, Cretan Hedypnois,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5","S Eur,SW As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Helenium,amarum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Helenium,amarum, Bitter sneezeweed,no dormancy; freshly harvested seeds germ within 3-4days when planted in greenhouse,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Helenium,amarum, Weed Science List
• Helenium,amarum, bitter sneezeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helenium,autumnale, Common sneezeweed,"19% germ in diffuse light at 20-25C within 12-61 days, no germ in dark within 243 days",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Helenium,autumnale, common sneezeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helenium,autumnale, P,Prohibited entry by AQIS,"Prohibited List, from AQIS"
• Helenium,elliptica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Helenium,hoopesii, western sneezeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helenium,hoopesii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Helenium,nudiflorum, purplehead sneezeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helenium,spp.,Sneezeweeds,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Helenium,spp., Sneezeweeds,Weed Science List
• Helenium,spp., Sneezeweeds,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Helenium,var. parviflorum, smallflower sneezeweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helianthus,angustifolius, "seeds planted in flats & exposed to outdoor low temps for 71days then transferred to greenhouse; germ 32% over 21-42days, seeds planted directly into greenhouse 24% germ over 64-106days",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Helianthus,annus, Sunflower,52% germ with alt. light/dark at alt. temps of 20-30C; prechilling at 3C for 4wks,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Helianthus,annuus,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Helianthus,annuus, Scattered Southern & Eastern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Helianthus,annuus, Weed Science List
• Helianthus,annuus, sunflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helianthus,argophylllus, Weed Science List
• Helianthus,argophyllus,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Helianthus,aridus, seeds planted in field in late autumn of year collected germ following spring; a few seeds germ each year for 5yrs after initial planting,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Helianthus,californicus, California sunflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helianthus,ciliaris,Texas blueweed,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Helianthus,ciliaris, Blueweed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Helianthus,ciliaris, Texas blueweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Helianthus,ciliaris, Texas blueweed,Weed Science List
• Helianthus,ciliaris, Texas blueweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helianthus,ciliaris, Texas blueweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Helianthus,debilis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Helianthus,debilis, Region of origin - S USA; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Helianthus,debilis, Weed Science List
• Helianthus,grosseserratus, sawtooth sunflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helianthus,maximiliani, Maximilian sunflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helianthus,petiolaris, Prairie sunflower,52% germ with alt. light/dark at alt. temps of 20-30C; prechilling at 3C for 4wks,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Helianthus,petiolaris, prairie sunflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helianthus,tuberosus,Jerusalem artichoke,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Helianthus,tuberosus, Jerusalem Artichoke,Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Tuberous geophyte. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,"Introduced deliberately from: N AM and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Helianthus,tuberosus, Weed Science List
• Helianthus,tuberosus, Jerusalem artichoke,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Helichrysum,petiolare, N/A ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Helminthotheca,echioides,Picris echioides,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hemisteptia,lyrata, ,paraquat 1991 Korea Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Hemisteptia,lyrata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hemizonia,congesta, common tarweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hemizonia,pungens,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hemizonia,pungens, Common spikeweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Hemizonia,pungens, common spikeweed,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Hemizonia,pungens, Weed Science List
• Heterotheca,grandiflora,telegraph weed,w,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Heterotheca,grandiflora, Weed Science List
• Heterotheca,grandiflora, telegraphplant,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Heterotheca,subaxillaris, camphorweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hieracium,aurantiacum,syn. Pilosella aurantiaca,"fox and cubs, orange hawkweed",E,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hieracium,aurantiacum, Orange hawkweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Hieracium,aurantiacum, Weed Science List
• Hieracium,aurantiacum, orange hawkweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hieracium,aurantiacum, syn. Pilosella aurantiaca,Fox and cubs,P,Proposed spp. for surveillance and IDplants seen for sale at garden week in Guilford 1996none seen since,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Hieracium,caespitosum, ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Hieracium,florentinum, kingdevil hawkweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hieracium,floribundum, yellowdevil hawkweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hieracium,pilosella,mouseear hawkweed,E,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hieracium,pilosella, Mouse ear hawkweed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Hieracium,pilosella, Weed Science List
• Hieracium,pilosella, mouseear hawkweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hieracium,pilosella, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Hieracium,praealtum var. decipiens, tall kingdevil hawkweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hieracium,pratense, Weed Science List
• Hieracium,pratense, yellow hawkweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hieracium,pratense, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Hieracium,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Hieracium,umbellatum, "some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 93% germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Hieracium,vulgatum, Common hawkweed,"some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 94% germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Hieracium,vulgatum, common hawkweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hymenoclea,monogyra, burrobrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hymenoxys,odorata, bitter rubberweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hymenoxys,richardsoni var. floribunda, ,pingue,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hypocaeris,radicata, Weed in poor site ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Hypochaeris,glabra,Hypochoeris glabra,"flatweed, smooth catsear",HXH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hypochaeris,glabra, Smooth Cat's Ear,H. salzmanniana,"All Europe, W Asia & N Africa",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Hypochaeris,glabra, Weed Science List
• Hypochaeris,microcephala,Hypochoeris microcephala var. microcephala,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hypochaeris,microcephala,Hypochoeris microcephala var. albiflora,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hypochaeris,microcephala, Weed Science List
• Hypochaeris,radicata,Hypochoeris radicata,"Flatweed, cat's ear",HXXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Hypochaeris,radicata, Common Cat's Ear,"Mainland Europe, Sweden and Norway",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Hypochaeris,radicata, Weed Science List
• Hypochaeris,radicata, Spotted cat's ear ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Hypochoeris,glabra, Annual Flatweed,"Dispersal: animal external,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,5,12","Eur,As,Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Hypochoeris,glabra, Smooth cats ear,"some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 85% germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Hypochoeris,glabra, smooth catsear,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Hypochoeris,radicata, Flatweed,"Dispersal: animal external,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4-9,11-15","Eur,As,Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Hypochoeris,radicata, Spotted cats ear,96% germ of seed in dark with alt. temp 20-30C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Hypochoeris,radicata, spotted catsear,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Inula,conyza,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Inula,conyza, Weed Science List
  Inula,conyza, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Inula,crithmoides, Golden Samphire,"Southern & western Europe, UK & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Inula,crithmoides,Compositae ,Golden Samphire,"Southern & western Europe, UK & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Inula,helenium, elecampane,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Inula,indica, Weed Science List
• Inula,indica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Iva,axillaris,"Poverty weed, death weed, devil's weed, mouse ear poverty weed, poverty sumpweed",LP,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Iva,axillaris, Poverty Weed ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Iva,axillaris, "Poverty weed, death weed, devil's weed, mouse ear poverty weed, poverty sumpweed","produces large amounts of seed; prefers alkaline or saline soils in N Amer, but not confined to these conditions in Aust; extensive roots system & dense aerial growth, competes strongly with other plants, particularly cereal crops; has strong smell & tast","native of western N Amer where it has become an imprt. weed on the Canadian Prairies & in NW USA extending as far south as California & New Mexico; imprt in cereal crops, overgrazed pastures, rangeland, irrigated crops, roadsides & neglected areas, mostly","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Iva,axillaris, poverty weed,Weed Science List
• Iva,axillaris, povertyweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Iva,axillaris, poverty weed,P,The South Australian plants have been eradicated by Landholder,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Iva,ciliata, rough sumpweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Iva,xanthifolia, marshelder,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Iva ,axillaris, Poverty weed,"43% germ of seed held screen bags in irrigation canal for 7mths, no germ previous or after 10mths; other methods of stratification not successful",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Iva ,xanthifolia, Cyclachaena xanthifolia,Marsh elder,32% germ at 15C with alt. light/dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ixeris,dentata, perennial sub-dominance , Upland Korea Miyagi Miyasaki Niigata Oita Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Ixeris,stolonifera, Weed Science List
• Ixeris,stolonifera, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Krigia,virginica, Virginia dwarfdandelion,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lactuca,biennis, Biennial lettuce,"100% germ of seed at 20-30C with alt. light/dark, 90% germ at alt. 20-30C in dark & no germ at 20C ind dark tested within 1yr of harvest",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Lactuca,biennis, biennial lettuce,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lactuca,canadensis, tall lettuce,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lactuca,capensis, good germ of fresh seed at all temps between 10-35C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Lactuca,capensis, Weed Science List
• Lactuca,capensis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Lactuca,dregeana, "fresh seed germ % high, strongly stimulated by light; good germ in dark at 15C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Lactuca,indica, Weeds of sown grassland ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Lactuca,ludoviciana, "24-day-old seed presoaked in water at 3-10C for 2+ hrs, then exposed to sunlight for 5 min inc germ % of seed at 20-30C; longer the soaking 5-77hrs the higher the germ%",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Lactuca,muralis, Wall lettuce,"some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 96% germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Lactuca,muralis, Wall lettuce ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Lactuca,muralis, wall lettuce,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lactuca,perennis, Mainland Europe except Denmark and NE Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Lactuca,perennis,Compositae ,Mainland Europe except Denmark and NE Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Lactuca,pulchella, blue lettuce,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966syn. Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lactuca,pulchella, P,Prohibited entry by AQIS,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Lactuca,saligna,willow lettuce,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Lactuca,saligna, Weed Science List
• Lactuca,saligna, willowleaf lettuce,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lactuca,sativa,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Lactuca,scariola, Lactuca serriola,Prickly lettuce,fresh seed dormant; dry storage for 8-12mths; 92% germ at 20C in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Lactuca,scariola, prickly lettuce,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lactuca,serriola,"prickly lettuce, wild lettuce",XXH,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Lactuca,serriola, Prickly Lettuce,"Dispersal: animal external,Water, Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,9,11,12","Eur,C&W As,N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Lactuca,serriola, Prickly Lettuce,L. scariola,"Mainland Europe, UK & S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Lactuca,serriola, Prickly lettuce,chlorsulfuron 1987 USA Wheat , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Lactuca,serriola, Prickly lettuce,triasulfuron 1994 Australia Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Lactuca,serriola, Prickly lettuce ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Lactuca,serriola, prickly lettuce,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Lactuca,serriola,syn L. scariola,"Oil lettuce, Prickly lettuce","roadsides, waste groundSeeds yield the edible lettuce oil; in folk medicine plant is used as an antipoison for scorpion & snake bites","Medit, Eur, Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Lactuca,serriola, Weed Science List
• Lactuca,stolonifera, perennial sub-dominance , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Lactuca,taraxacifolia, Weed Science List
• Lactuca,taraxacifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Lactuca,virosa, Weed Science List
• Lagascea,mollis, Seed Impurities , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Lagascea,mollis, acuate,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lapsana,apogonoides, Weed Science List
• Lapsana,apogonoides, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Lapsana,communis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Lapsana,communis, Lampsana communis,Nipple wort,88% germ in dark with alt. temp of 20-30C; alt. light/dark germ 68%; fresh seed germ best in light with alt. temps of 10-30C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Lapsana,communis, Nipplewort,Weed Science List
• Lapsana,communis, nipplewort,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Lasiospermum,bipinnatum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Lasiospermum,bipinnatum, Weed Science List
• Launaea,asplenifolia, Weed Science List
• Launaea,asplenifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Launaea,sarmentosa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Leontodon,autumnalis,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Leontodon,autumnalis, Fall hawkbit,"99% germ in 1st spring after harvest, seeds placed in germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Leontodon,autumnalis, Autumn Hawkbit,"All Europe, W Asia & N Amer",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Leontodon,autumnalis, Weed Science List
• Leontodon,autumnalis, fall hawkbit,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Leontodon,autumnalis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Leontodon,hirtus, rough hawkbit,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Leontodon,nudicaulis, Rough hawkbit,"88% germ with alt. temp 20-30C in dark, 84% germ with alt. temp 20-30C & alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Leontodon,nudicaulis, rough hawkbit,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Leontodon,saxatilis,= L. taraxacoides,Weed Science List
• Leontodon,taraxacoides,L. saxatilis,Hairy Hawkbit,HX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Leontodon,taraxacoides, Hairy Hawkbit,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,6,8,9","Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Leucanthemum,maximum,Shasta Daisy,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Leucanthemum,maximum, Shasta Daisy,"Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,6,7,8,15","Introduced deliberately from: Pyrenees and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Leucanthemum,maximum, Weed Science List
• Leucanthemum,myconis, Weed Science List
• Leucanthemum,myconis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Leucanthemum,vulgare,Chrysantemum leucanthemum,"ox-eye daisy, dog daisy, margriet, marguerite daisy, moon daisy, white daisy, yellow daisy",XXA,L,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Leucanthemum,vulgare, Ox-eye Daisy ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Leucanthemum,vulgare, Ox-eye Daisy,"Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,6,8,15","Introduced deliberately from: Eur,As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Leucanthemum,vulgare, Ox eye Daisy,Chrysanthemum leucanthemum,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Leucanthemum,vulgare, Chrysantemum leucanthemum,"ox-eye daisy, dog daisy, margriet, marguerite daisy, moon daisy, white daisy, yellow daisy","grows extremely densely that it excludes almost all other vegetation; not readily grazed by stock, it reduces carrying capacity of infested areas; imparts a disagreeable taste to milk","native to Eur & parts of Asia, occurring commonly in grasslands of the British Isles & elsewhere in Eur; spread to several temp ares of the world, often as a weed of neglected areas, degraded pastures & turf; common on west coast of N Amer & some of the n","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Leucanthemum,vulgare, ox eye daisy,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Leucanthemum,vulgare,see Chrysanthemum leucanthemum,ox-eye daisy,Weed Science List
• Leucanthumum,vulgare, ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Leuzea,conifera, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Liatris,punctata, "47% germ of seed planted 4mths after collection; 74% germ after 2.5yr dry storage, 53% after 3.5yrs dry storage, failed to germ after 4.5yrs",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ligularia,fischeri, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ligularia,sibirica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Ligularia,stenocephala, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Logfia,arvensis, Least Cudweed,"Filago arvensis, F. montana",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Logfia,arvensis,Compositae ,Least Cudweed,"Filago arvensis, F. montana",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Logfia,gallica,Filago gallica,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Logfia,gallica, Narrowleaved Cudweed,"Filago gallica, Logfia subulata, L. tenuifolia",Southern & Western Europe & UK,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Logfia,gallica, Weed Science List
• Logfia,minima, Small Cudweed,Filago minima,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Logfia,minima,Compositae ,Small Cudweed,Filago minima,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Lygodesmia,juncea, skeletonweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Machaeranthera,canescens,Aster canescens,"80% germ at 15C with light, 72% at 20C in dark on moist blotters in petri dishes",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Madia,elegans, showy tarweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Madia,exigua, 88% germ at 15C in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Madia,glomerata, Cluster tarweed,no germ under various temps & condition; stratification techniques not reported,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Madia,glomerata, cluster tarweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Madia,sativa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Madia,sativa, Chilean tarweed,44% germ at 15C in dark; seeds with initial germ of 98% germ 45% after 5yrs storage in lab,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Madia,sativa, Weed Science List
• Madia,sativa var. congesta, Chilean tarweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Mantisalca,salmantica,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Mantisalca,salmantica, "Centaurea salamantica, Microlonchus salamanticus and 10 others",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Mantisalca,salmantica, Weed Science List
• Matricaria,chamomilla, "wild chamomile, scented mayweed","Matricaria chamomilla is an annual herb, and is a very versatile weed and appears in 24 crops in more than 50 countries.","Found in E Aust, NZ and the several countries of S Amer in the south temperate zone and behaves as a weed in most agricultural areas of the north temperate zone.",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Matricaria,chamomilla ,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Matricaria,chamomilla , P,Most serious weed reported of the Genus. Mentioned in Holme's Atlas in numerous Meditterarnean countries,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Matricaria,maritima, var. agrestis ,False chamomile,fresh & stored seed germ well in bright daylight; optimum germ temp 20C ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Matricaria,maritima ,syn Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W.D.J. Koch,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Matricaria,maritima var. agrestis, false chamomile,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Matricaria,matricariodes,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Matricaria,matricarioides, Pineapple weed ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Matricaria,matricarioides, Weed Science List
• Matricaria,matricarioides, pineappleweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Matricaria,matricarioidesPineapple-weed, ,simazine 1989 United Kingdom Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Matricaria,perforata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Matricaria,perforata, Scentless Mayweed,"Matricaria inodora, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Chamaemelum inodorum, Matricaria maritima ssp inodora",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Matricaria,perforata, Sentless Chamomile,"2,4-D 1975 France Cereals ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Matricaria,perforata, Sentless Chamomile,"2,4-D 1975 United Kingdom Cereals ", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Matricaria,perforata, ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Matricaria,perforata, Weed Science List
• Matricaria,recutita,"chamomile, German chamomile",w,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Matricaria,recutita, Weed Science List
• Matricaria,recutita,syn M. chamomilla; Chamomilla recutita,Wild chamomile,"fields, waste ground; naturalised & often cultivated as a medicinal herb""Plant used in cosmetics, also a medicinal herb used as a stomachic, febrifuge, bronchitis treatment etc.""","Medit, Eur, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Matricaria,spp., Chamomile,Weed Science List
• Matricaria,tricophylla, "Tripleurospermum tenuifolium, Chamaemelum trichophyllum",SE Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Matricaria,tricophylla,Compositae ,"Tripleurospermum tenuifolium, Chamaemelum trichophyllum",SE Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Melampodium,arvense, Weed Science List
• Melampodium,arvense, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Melampodium,divaricatum, Weed Science List
• Melampodium,divaricatum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Melampodium ,paludosum," Melampodium divaricatum, Melampodium leucanthum ",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Melanthera,scandens, Weed Science List
• Melanthera,scandens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Microseris,troximoides, no germ with 5 different conditions tried; no prechilling reported,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Mikania,cordata, Weed Science List
• Mikania,cordata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Mikania,micrantha, mile-a-minute weed ,", gardens, plantations, fruit trees",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Mikania,micrantha, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Mikania,micrantha,"bittervine, mile-a-minute weed, mile-a-minute",E,GLPQ,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Mikania,micrantha, Weed Science List
• Mikania,micrantha,syn ,mile-a-minute,"humid, sunny or shaded habitats; noxious weed in young plantation crops, which can be completely blanketed by it; also in pastures; from 0-2000m alt; flowering during the dry season; upland rice fields, detrimental to growth of young rubber plants because","S Amer, the Botanic Garden of Bogor received this species from Paraguay in 1949; in 1956 it was used as a soil cover in rubber & has now spread throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Mikania,micrantha, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Mikania,scandens, Weed Science List
• Mikania,scandens, climbing hempweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Mikania,scandens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Mikania,spp.,mikania vine,E,LPQ,Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Montanoa,bipinnatifida,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Montanoa,bipinnatifida,syn Uhdea bipinnatifida,Weed Science List
• Montanoa,hibiscifolia,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Montanoa,hibiscifolia, tree daisy,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest, woodland, bush clumps, roadsides, riverbanks, disturbed sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Montanoa,hibiscifolia, tree daisy,"Woody SpeciesInvades: forest, woodland, bush clumps, roadsides, riverbanks, disturbed sitesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Montanoa,hibiscifolia, Weed Science List
• Montanoa,hibiscifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Notobasis,syriaca,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Oldenburgia,arbuscula, "83% germ of seed presoaked overnight & only swollen seed used, at 26C in dark & 74% in light",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Oncosiphon,grandiflorum , Pentzia Pincushion,P,"ferny,aromatic small YELLOW spheric.buttons to 60cm.Weed of Finland, Sweden, England, Czech, Soviet Union, and a pioneer Weed in South Africa (Namaqualand) CABI article",9 an,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Oncosiphon,piluliferum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Oncosiphon,suffruticosum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Onopordum,acanthium,"Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, silver thistle, woolly thistle",H,NLP,ACT; NSW; Vic; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Onopordum,acanthium, "Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, Giant thistle","Mainland Europe,less UK & S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Onopordum,acanthium, "Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, silver thistle, woolly thistle","native of Eur, W&C Asia & Asia minor; distributed throughout most temp areas, considered as import. weed in only a few places including Canada, USA, Arg & Aust; NZ minor weed; regarded as weedy on grazing lands & fallows in British Isles, Spain, Tur &USSR","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Onopordum,acanthium, Scotch thistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Onopordum,acanthium, Scotch cottonthisle,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Onopordum,acanthium, "Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, Giant thistle",Weed Science List
• Onopordum,acanthium, "Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, Giant thistle",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Onopordum,acaulon,"stemless thistle, horse thistle, stemless onopordum",HXA,L,NSW; Vic; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Onopordum,acaulon, Stemless Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4","Spain,S France, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Onopordum,acaulon, "stemless thistle, horse thistle, stemless onopordum","rarely eaten by stock ex when it is wilting, reduces carrying capacity of heavily infested paddocks; seeds survive in soil for several years - eradication difficult","originated in western Medit region, has not estab. in many parts of the world","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Onopordum,acaulon, stemless thistle, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Onopordum,acaulon, stemless thistle,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Onopordum,illyricum,Illyrian thistle,SH,LP,ACT; NSW; Vic; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Onopordum,illyricum, Illyrian thistle,"competetive in pastures in better rainfall areas & not grazed by stock, favours fertile soil & likely to be troublesome in anual clover pastures; contribute to vegetable fault in wool & dense patches pose a physical barrier to humans & animals","originates in Medit region & Asia Minor, not widely spread; small patch in California, Aust only country where the plant has estab.","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Onopordum,illyricum, Illyrian thistle,Weed Science List
  Onopordum,illyricum, Illyrian thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Onopordum,nervosum,cotton thistle,E,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Onopordum,nervosum, Onopordum arabicum,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Onopordum,spp, Onopordum Thistles ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Onopordum,tauricum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Osteospermum,calendulaceum,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Osteospermum,calendulaceum, Weed Science List
• Osteospermum,clandestinum,Osteospermum,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
  Osteospermum,clandestinum, Osteospermum,Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,"S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Osteospermum,clandestinum, Weed Science List
• Osteospermum,ecklonis,Dimorphotheca ecklonis,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Osteospermum,fruticosum,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Osteospermum,fruticosum, Weed Science List
• Osteospermum,muricatum,??need to check ID - no voucher?,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Osterospermum,fruitcosum, Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental ?,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Oxytenia,acerosa, copperweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Palafoxia,linearis, "fair germ of seeds without any special treatment at temps of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, & 30C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Palafoxia,rosea,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Pallenis,spinosa,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Pallenis,spinosa, "P. croatica, Asteriscus spinosus",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Pallenis,spinosa,Compositae ,"P. croatica, Asteriscus spinosus",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Parthenium,argentatum, soaking achenes for 6hrs or more in a 1000 ppm soln of GA germ seed covered in soil,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Parthenium,hysterophorum, Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Parthenium,hysterophorus, parthenium,", ",French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Parthenium,hysterophorus,"parthenium weed, bitter weed, carrot grass, congress grass, false ragweed, ragweed parthenium, whitetop",HH,L,NSW; Vic; Qld;SA; NT; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Parthenium,hysterophorus, Ragweed parthenium,paraquat 1989 Kenya , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Parthenium,hysterophorus, "parthenium weed, bitter weed, carrot grass, congress grass, false ragweed, ragweed parthenium, whitetop","native of Caribbean region, now occurs throughout southern USA, Mex, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Caribbean Is. & Venezuela, extending south to Bolivia, Brazil & N Arg; introd to many trop & subtrop countries including S Afr, Israel, Kenya, Va","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Parthenium,hysterophorus, Parthenium weed N # ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Parthenium,hysterophorus, parthenium weed, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Parthenium,hysterophorus, ragweed parthenium,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Parthenium,hysterophorus, parthenium weed,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pectis,papposa, cinchweed fetidmarigold,good germ of seed after leaching for more than 24hrs in running water; germ at 25-30C but not at lower temps,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Pentzia,globifera, Weed Science List
• Pentzia,incana,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Pentzia,incana, Weed Science List
• Pentzia,suffruticosa,"Matricaria multiflora, Matricaria suffruticosa, Tanacetum suffruticosum","calomba daisy, chamomile, matricaria, mayweed, stinking weed, yellow top, yellow weed",H,LP,SA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Pentzia,suffruticosa," Matricaria multiflora, Matricaria suffruticosa, Tanacetum suffruticosum","calomba daisy, chamomile, matricaria, mayweed, stinking weed, yellow top, yellow weed","strongly aromatic, unpalatable plant with no food value, that competes with more valuable pasture sp. for water. light & nutrientss; dense stands reduce grazing area & significantly reduce yields of cereal crops",native of S Afr is not widely spread,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Pentzia,suffruticosa, Calomba daisy n ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Pentzia,suffruticosa, calomba daisy,Weed Science List
• Pentzia,suffruticosa, Weed Science List
• Pentzia,suffruticosa, calomba daisy,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Perymenium,subsquarrosum, Weed Science List
• Perymenium,subsquarrosum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Petasites,fragrans,winter heliotrope,XS,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Petasites,fragrans, Winter Heliotrope,"Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7","Introduced deliberately from: W Med and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
  Petasites,fragrans, Weed Science List
• Petasites,japonicus, , Miyagi Niigata ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Phaenocoma,prolifera,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Phaenocoma,prolifera, P,"Monotypic Genus, SW Cape",Western Australian Prohibited List
• Picnomon,acarna,"Carduus acarna, Cirsium acarna","soldier thistle, yellow-plumed thistle",X,LP,Vic; SA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Picnomon,acarna," Carduus acarna, Cirsium acarna","soldier thistle, yellow-plumed thistle","competes with cereal crops & can choke harvesting machinery; sharp spines injure sheep & dogs, reduces available grazing area in infested pastures as it is avoided by stock","originates in Medit region, hasn't become widely distributed throughout world; import. weed in Lebanon & of lesser import. elsewhere in its native range","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Picnomon,acarna, Soldier thistle * ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies)","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Picnomon,acarna, soldier thistle,Weed Science List
• Picnomon,acarna, soldier thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Picnomon,arcana, Cisium acarna,Southern & Eastern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Picridium,vulgare, picridium,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Picris,echioides,Ox-tongue,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Picris,echioides, Ox-tongue,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,9,12","Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Picris,echioides, Bristly Ox tounge,Helmintia echioides,"Central & Southern Europe, UK & Eire, less in Northen areas",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Picris,echioides, Weed Science List
• Picris,echioides, bristly oxtongue,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Picris,hieracioides,Hawkweed Picris,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Picris,hieracioides, Hawkweed Picris,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 15,"Eur, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Picris,hieracioides, Hawkweed ox tongue,seeds germ at once or soon after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 93% germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Picris,hieracioides, Hawkweed Ox tounge,"All Europe, W Asia, N Amer, Aust & NZ",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Picris,hieracioides, ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Picris,hieracioides, Weed Science List
• Picris,hieracioides, annual dominant weed barley & wheat crops , Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Picris,hieracioides, hawkweed oxtongue,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Pluchea,dioscoridis,syn Baccharis dioscoridis; Conyza dioscoridis; Baccharis aegyptiaca,Ploughman's spikenard,"Nile and canal banks, moist and waste groundPlant used in popular medicine for rheumatic pains","E & S Afr, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Pluchea,lanceolata, Weed Science List
• Pluchea,lanceolata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pluchea,odorata, Weed Science List
• Pluchea,odorata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pluchea,sagittalis, Weed Science List
• Pluchea,sagittalis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pluchea,sericea, Arrow wood,"62% germ immediately after harvest, & 44% after 1 yr storage, on moist filter paper",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Pluchea,sericea, Weed Science List
• Pluchea,sericea, arrowwood,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Pluchea,sericea, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pluchea,symphytifolia, Weed Science List
• Pluchea,symphytifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Podospermum,resedifolium,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Podospermum,resedifolium, Weed Science List
• Porophyllum,ruderale,syn Porophyllum ellipticum,"pasture land, humid soil, sunny or slightly shaded locations; prefers fertile soils; lowland ruderal; upland rice fields, very common in dry agricultural lands; might become a serious weed, ","C & S Amer, S & C Amer; in 1945 found near Bogor (W Java); since then has been rapidly spreading","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Praxelis,clematidea,praxelis,XS,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Praxelis,clematidea, "Region of origin - S Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina; Extent of spread - locally common; Means of spread - seed contaminant",CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Pseudelephantopus,spicatus, false elephant's foot,", plantations, lawn",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Pseudelephantopus,spicatus,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Pseudelephantopus,spicatus, Weed Science List
• Pseudelephantopus,spicatus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pseudognaphalium,luteoalbum,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Psiadia,arabica, Weed Science List
• Psiadia,arabica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Psilothonna,speciosa, "seed soaked in water overnight, swollen seeds only used; germ on moist filter paper in petri dishes at 26C, 51% in dark & 46% in light",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Pterocaulon,rugosum, Weed Science List
• Pterocaulon,rugosum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pulchea,indica, "Indian pulchea, Indian fleabane",", low saline areas",French Polynesia; Guam; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tuvalu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Pulicaria,arabica ,syn Inula arabica,"canal banks, moist ground",E Medit to Afghanistan,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Pulicaria,crispa, Weed Science List
• Pulicaria,crispa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Pulicaria,vulgaris, Lesser Fleabane,P. prostrata,"Mainland Europe, S UK & S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Pulicaria,vulgaris,Compositae ,Lesser Fleabane,P. prostrata,"Mainland Europe, S UK & S Sweden",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Pyrrhopappus,carolinianus, Carolina falsedandelion,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ratibida,columnaris, Lepachys columnifera,"seed kept in moist sand outdoors germ 72%, seed planted in greenhouse germ 26% within 16days; 30% germ on moist sand in dark at 68-70F",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ratibida,columnifera, prairie coneflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Ratibida,pinnata, pinnate coneflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Reichardia,tingitana,False Sow-thistle,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Reichardia,tingitana, False Sow-thistle,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4","Med, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Rhagadiolus,cathartica, Weed Science List
• Rhagadiolus,cathartica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Roldana,petasitis,Senecio petasitis,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Rudbeckia,amplexicaulis, clasping coneflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Rudbeckia,hirta, Hairy coneflower,56% germ in diffuse light at 20-25C in 5days & 52% germ in dark in 12days,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Rudbeckia,hirta, hairy coneflower,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Rudbeckia,occidentalis, niggerhead,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Rudbeckia,serotina, blackeyedsusan,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Rudbeckia,triloba, browneyedsusan,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Rugelia,repens, Weed Science List
• Rugelia,repens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Schkuhria,pinnata,Dwarf Marigold,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Schkuhria,pinnata, Dwarf Marigold,Weed Science List
• Schkuhria,pinnata, Dwarf Marigold,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Sclerocarpus,coffeaecola, Weed Science List
• Sclerocarpus,coffeaecola, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Scolymus,hispanicus,"golden thistle, Spanish oyster plant, Spanish salsify",LP,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Scolymus,hispanicus, Golden Thistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Scolymus,hispanicus, Golden Thistle,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Scolymus,hispanicus, "golden thistle, Spanish oyster plant, Spanish salsify",plant cultivated in some parts of world as a vege; rosette leaves rarely eaten by stock & aerial growth is never grazed because of the stout spines on the rigid leaves; dense infestations impenetrable to grazing animals ; reduces carrying cap. of pasture,"originates in Medit region, hasn't become widely estab. throughout world; regarded as weedy in dryland pastures, vineyards & orchards in parts of its native range particularly Syria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Morocco & Spain; weed in Arg & Chile, patches in Cal.","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Scolymus,hispanicus, golden thistle,Weed Science List
• Scolymus,hispanicus, golden thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Scolymus,maculatus,"spotted golden thistle, spotted thistle",LP,NSW,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Scolymus,maculatus, Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Scolymus,maculatus, "spotted golden thistle, spotted thistle","due to spininess, dense patches become impenetrable to stock, reduce available grazing & harbour vermin; root edible","native of Medit region, but is known to have been grown as an ornamental in England during 17thC, not widesprd in other countries","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Scolymus,maculatus, spotted golden thistle,Weed Science List
• Scolymus,maculatus, spotted golden thistle,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Scorzonera,lacinata,Scorzonera,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Scorzonera,lacinata,Scorzonera,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Scorzonera,lacinata, "Podospermum laciniatum, P. calcitrapifolium, P. willkommii, Scorzonera resedifolia",Mainland Europe except Denmark,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Scorzonera,laciniata,Scorzonera,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Scorzonera,laciniata, Scorzonera,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,9,11","S Eur,W As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Scorzonera,laciniata, Weed Science List
• Senecio,aegyptius,syn ,"until 1960's, common on banks of Nile & irrigation canals; since construction of Aswan High Dam, species has become less common, except in southern areas of Upper Egypt",Endemic to Egypt,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Senecio,angulatus,climbing groundsel,HXS,G,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,angulatus, Climbing Groundsel,"Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,11","Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Senecio,angustifolius, Weed Science List
• Senecio,angustifolius, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,anteuphorbium, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,aquaticus, seeds germ soon after harvest & continued for several mths; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 56%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,articulatus,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,articulatus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,aureus, Golden ragwort,high germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in autumn of year of collection; seeds held in soil at low temps outdoors for 83days also germ well after transfer to greenhouse,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,aureus, golden ragwort,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,bupleuroides, Weed Science List
• Senecio,bupleuroides, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,burchellii, Weed Science List
• Senecio,burchellii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,canadensis, Weed Science List
• Senecio,citriformis,NP,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,citriformis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,consanguineus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,consanguineus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,cotyledonis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,crassiflorus,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,crassiflorus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,crassissimus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,decaryi, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,deltoideus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,deltoideus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,diaschides,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,elegans,purple groundsel,HXXXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,elegans, Purple Groundsel,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,"Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Senecio,elegans, Weed Science List
• Senecio,fulgens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,gallicus, "S. alboranicus, S. coronopifolius, S. desfontainei",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Senecio,gallicus,Compositae ,"S. alboranicus, S. coronopifolius, S. desfontainei",Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Senecio,glabellus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,glabellus, cressleaf groundsel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,glabellus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,glastifolius,waterdissel,XS,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,glastifolius, Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Senecio,glastifolius, Weed Science List
• Senecio,glastifolius, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,glaucus subsp. coronopifolius,syn S. coronopifolius; S. laxiflorus; S. desfontainei; S. gallicus subsp. coronopifolius,"fields, roadsides, canal banks; often forming attractive yellow carpets if growing in dense, pure stands","Medit, Sahara, Eur, W Asis","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Senecio,globsus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,gramineus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,gramineus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,grandiflorus, "83% germ at 26C in dark & 82% in light; seeds soaked in water overnight before testing, only swollen seed used",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,grantii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,hallianus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,herreianus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,hieracifolia, Weed Science List
• Senecio,hieracifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,inaequidens, Weed Science List
• Senecio,inaequidens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,inornatus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,inornatus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,iosensis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,isatideus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,isatideus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,jacobaea,"ragwort, St James wort, tansy ragwort",XX,NL,NSW; Vic; SA; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,jacobaea, Tansy Ragwort ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Senecio,jacobaea, Tansy Ragwort ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Senecio,jacobaea, Ragwort,"Dispersal: animal external,animal (not bird), internal,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,6,7,8,9","Introduced deliberately from: Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Senecio,jacobaea, Tansy ragwort,50-86% germ of freshly harvested seed at 15C constant with alt. light/dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,jacobaea, "ragwort, St James wort, tansy ragwort","originated in Eur & now occurs from Scotland & Norway in the north to N Afr in the south & Siberia in the east; considered to be a weed in much of its native range; most abundant & widesprd weed in British Isles; spread to many temp parts of the world, be","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Senecio,jacobaea, Tansy ragwort ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Senecio,jacobaea, Ragwort N # ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Senecio,jacobaea, ragwort, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Senecio,jacobaea, tansy ragwort,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,jacobaea, ragwort,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,jacobsenianus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,junceus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,juniperinus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,juniperinus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,kleinia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,latifolius, Weed Science List
• Senecio,latifolius, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,leucanthemifolius, Weed Science List
• Senecio,leucanthemifolius, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,longiflorus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,longilobus, threadleaf groundsel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,madagascariensis,fireweed,XX,LP,NSW; Qld,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,madagascariensis, fireweed,"1st recorded in lower Hunter Valley in 1918, since spread all along the NSW coast, into parts of the Northern Tablelands & Western Slopes & into SE Qld; now inc. importance in County of Cumberland & along the south coast of NSW; does not occur elsewhere i",native of S Afr ,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Senecio,madagascariensis, fireweed,Weed Science List
• Senecio,madagascariensis, fireweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,mandraliscae, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,mikanioides, German Ivy ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Senecio,mikanioides, Cape Ivy ,VINES.,"Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995"
• Senecio,mikanioides, German ivy,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,moorei, Weed Science List
• Senecio,moorei, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,mutabilis, no dormancy in seeds tested in dark at 18C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,oligophyllus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,oligophyllus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,oxyriaefolius, Weed Science List
• Senecio,oxyriaefolius, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,pauperculus, var. balsamitae ,high germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in autumn of year of collection; seeds held in soil at low temps outdoors for 83days also germ well after transfer to greenhouse,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,pterophorus,"African daisy, South African daisy, winged groundsel",XH,LP,Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,pterophorus, African Daisy,"Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5","S Af, In Victoria: ?Limited distribution, small populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Senecio,pterophorus, "African daisy, South African daisy, winged groundsel"," a pioneer plant which quickly invades lands disturbed by burning or clearing; competes aggressively with developing pastures & crops; animals rarely eat the plant, becomes dominate & renders heavily infested lands unproductive; toxic to animalsintrod to",native of moderate to high rainfall (500-1500mm) districts of S Afr,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Senecio,pterophorus, African daisy,Weed Science List
• Senecio,pterophorus, African daisy,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,retrorsus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,retrorsus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,riddellii, Riddell groundsel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,rowleyanus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,scandens,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,serpens, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,squalidus, Oxford Ragwort ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Senecio,sylvaticus, Woodland groundsel,99% germ of seed soon after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,sylvaticus, Weed Science List
• Senecio,sylvaticus, woodland groundsel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,sylvaticus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Senecio,tamoides,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,triangularis, arrowleaf groundsel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,vernalis, Spring Groundsel,S. euxinus,"Eastern Europe, less to Central Europe & Scandinavia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Senecio,vernalis,Compositae ,Spring Groundsel,S. euxinus,"Eastern Europe, less to Central Europe & Scandinavia",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Senecio,viscosus, Sticky Groundsel,"Mainland Europe, except extreme NE Europe, less in Scandinavia, UK & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Senecio,viscosus,Compositae ,Sticky Groundsel,"Mainland Europe, except extreme NE Europe, less in Scandinavia, UK & Eire",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Senecio,viscosus, sticky groundsel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,vulgaris,"groundsel, sticky groundsel, stinking groundsel, wood groundsel",XX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,good germ with alt. temp of 10-25C; prechilling or soaking 2hrs in 1% soln of hypochlorite,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Senecio,vulgaris, Groundsel,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,bromoxynil 1995 USA Mint , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,linuron 1987 Switzerland Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,atrazine 1980 Germany Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,"atrazine 1988 Czech Republic Orchard, Railway", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,simazine 1970 USA Nurseries , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,simazine 1977 United Kingdom Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,"simazine 1982 Belgium Corn, Nurseries, Fruit", http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,simazine 1982 The Netherlands Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,simazine 1995 Chile , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,simazine 1996 Norway Nurseries , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,triazines 1982 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris, Common groundsel,triazines 1982 Switzerland Vineyard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Senecio,vulgaris,syn ,Common groundsel,"Nile and canal banks, fields""Flowering branches are used as a vasoconstrictor, vermifuge, and mild laxative""","Medit, Eur, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Senecio,vulgaris, Weed Science List
• Senecio,vulgaris, "perennial dominance, sub-dominance ", Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Senecio,vulgaris, "groundsel, common groundsel, staggerwort, stinking Willie","Senecio vulgaris is a slender annual herb, often called groundsel, found primarily in unstable environments. This species is a weed of more than 40 crops in 65 countries. It behaves as a weed from Mongolia and Iceland in the north to NZ on the far side ","very widely distributed in all regions of the world, except in the warmest regions.",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Senecio,vulgaris, common groundsel,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Senecio,vulgaris,ragwort,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Serratula,tinctoria, 88% germ of seed in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Sigesbeckia,orientalis, St. Paulswort,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Sigesbeckia,orientalis,Indian weed,XH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Sigesbeckia,orientalis, Weed Science List
• Sigesbeckia,pubescens, , Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Silphium,perfoliatum, cupplant,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Silybum,marianum, Blessed milkthistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Silybum,marianum,Carduus marianus,"variegated thistle, blessed milk thistle, cabbage thistle, Gundagai thistle, gundy, holy thistle, lady's thistle, milk thistle, spotted thistle, St Mary's thistle",HXXAX,L,Vic; SA; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Silybum,marianum, Variegated Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,8","Introduced deliberately from: Eur,Med,N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Silybum,marianum, St Mary's Thistle,"Mainland Europe, less in N Europe & UK",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Silybum,marianum, Carduus marianus,"variegated thistle, blessed milk thistle, cabbage thistle, Gundagai thistle, gundy, holy thistle, lady's thistle, milk thistle, spotted thistle, St Mary's thistle","very competitive with pastures & cereal crops, once estab. eliminates most other plants, incl. other thistle sp.; readily eaten after being cut & dried; can be toxic to cattle when grown on high nitrogen soils-due to high nitrate content at certain times","originated in Medit region, Asia Minor & Soviet Union; sprd to most temp areas of world & consid. imprt. weed in many of them; common in W USA in pastures & neglected areas & on channel banks; weed of sheep areas in NZ & regarded as weedy in S Af & S Amer","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Silybum,marianum, Variegated thistle * ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Move","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Silybum,marianum, variegated thistle, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Silybum,marianum, "bull thistle, milk thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, spotted thistle, variegated thistle, blessed thistle, hardon Marie, lady's thistle, Marian thistle, holy thistle","Silybum marianum is one of the hundreds of thistles found across the world and it is sometimes called milk thistle. It is found on all of the continents, but is noteworthy that it does not behave as an important problem in three large agricultural areas",appears on all continents,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Silybum,marianum, milk thistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Silybum,marianum, variegated thistle,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Silybum,marianum,syn Carduus marianus,St. Mary's thistle,"canal banks, moist ground""Young shoots are eaten as a raw salad. Plant grazed by camels and donkeys & used in folk medicine for liver disorders, gallstones, coughs & bronchitis""","Medit, Eur, W Asia; introduced & naturalised into A. Amer","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Silybum,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Simsia,amplexicaulis, Weed Science List
• Simsia,amplexicaulis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Sinacalia,tangutica, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Solidago,altissima, Weed Science List
• Solidago,bicolor, intact seeds germ 8% within 26days in light & 16% within 17days in dark; seeds with seed coat cut germ 28% in light within 26days & 8% in dark in 12days at 20-25C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Solidago,canadensis,S. altissima,Canada goldenrod,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Solidago,canadensis, Canadian Golden Rod,"UK, Eire, Norway & most of Mainland Europe, except Italy, Greece and Russia ",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Solidago,canadensis, golden rod,Weed Science List
• Solidago,canadensis, Canada goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,chilensis, Weed Science List
• Solidago,chilensis, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Solidago,cutleri, "seed planted in soil flats & placed either directly into greenhouse germ 33% in 20-167days, those kept outdoors exposed to winter weather in cold frame for 83days then transferred to greenhouse germ 75% in 11-70days ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Solidago,gigantea, S. serotina,"UK, Eire, Norway & most of Mainland Europe, except Italy, Greece and Russia ",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
  Solidago,gigantea,Compositae ,S. serotina,"UK, Eire, Norway & most of Mainland Europe, except Italy, Greece and Russia ",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Solidago,gigantea, giant goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,graminifolia var. nuttallii, narrowleaf goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,marcrophylla, "seed planted in soil flats & placed either directly into greenhouse germ 39% in 13-167days, those kept outdoors exposed to winter weather in cold frame for 83days then transferred to greenhouse germ 50% in 11-21days ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Solidago,microglossa, Weed Science List
• Solidago,microglossa, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Solidago,missouriensis, Missouri goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,nemoralis, Gray goldenrod,intact seeds germ 64% in light & 0% within 109days in dark; seeds with seed coat cut germ 20% in diffuse light within 26days & 8% in dark in 12days at 20-25C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Solidago,nemoralis, gray goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,occidentalis, western goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,odora, "seed planted in soil flats & placed either directly into greenhouse germ 4% in 20-97days, those kept outdoors exposed to winter weather in cold frame for 83days then transferred to greenhouse germ 25% in 21-70days ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Solidago,rigida, Rigid goldenrod,"seed collected in Oct & planted 2wks later in box of sand under greenhouse bench, no seeds germ & test conducted for extended period of time",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Solidago,rigida, rigid goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,rugosa, Rough goldenrod,52% germ in 91days in light at 20-25C & no germ within 109days in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Solidago,rugosa, rough goldenrod,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Solidago,spp., Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,"Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds"
• Solidago,virgaurea, seeds germ at once after harvest & remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 93%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Soliva,anthemifolia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Soliva,anthemifolia, Weed Science List
• Soliva,pterosperma," Gymnostyles pterosperma, Soliva sessilis","onehunga, jo-jo, lawn burrweed","is a weed of lawns & playing fields, but also occurs sporadically in moister pastures; rarely eaten by stock because of its spines but is a nuisance in recreation areas for same reason","native of the Americasoccurs throughout southern Aust, as high as Qld, not present in Tas & NT","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Soliva,pterosperma, "onehunga, jo-jo",Weed Science List
• Soliva,pterosperma, "onehunga, jo-jo",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Soliva,sessilis,"S. pterosperma, Gymnostyles pterosperma","onehunga, jo-jo, lawn burrweed",XXXX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Soliva,sessilis, Weed Science List
• Soliva,stolonifera,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Soliva,stolonifera, Weed Science List
• Sonchus,arvensis,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Sonchus,arvensis, Perennial Sowthistle ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Sonchus,arvensis, Perennial sowthistle,100% germ in alt. 20-30C with alt. light/dark & 96% in dark; seed retain viability for no more than 5yr in dry storage,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Sonchus,arvensis, Cosmopolitan,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Sonchus,arvensis, ssp. arvensis Perennial sowthistle ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Sonchus,arvensis, Weed Science List
• Sonchus,arvensis, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Sonchus,arvensis,syn ,corn sow thistle,"in rather wet climates, sunny or very shaded, rather moist sites on arable land; swampy grassland, along watercourses, roads, ravines & terrace banks, in plantations; usually scattered; from 50-2200m alt; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, a ","Eur, C Asia, world-wide; introd in Indonesia long ago; has spread throughout Indonesia except the Moluccas & Irian Jaya","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Sonchus,arvensis, "perennial sowthistle, corn sowthistle, field milk thistle",Sonchus arvensis is a perennial herbaceous plant found throughout the temperate regions of the world. The species is adapted to a wide range of edaphic conditions and its extensive horizontal and vertical root system make it very difficult to control.S,"native of Eur, found throughout the temperate regions of world",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Sonchus,arvensis, perennial sowthistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Sonchus,asper,rough or prickly sow thistle,HXXH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Sonchus,asper,Rough Sow-thistle,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Sonchus,asper, Rough Sow-thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1-9,11,L12,13,14","temp N Hem, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Sonchus,asper, Spiny sowthistle,65% germ at 10-25C alt; optimum germ temp 35C,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Sonchus,asper, Prickly Sowthistle,2 subspp. asper & glaucescens,Cosmopolitan,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Sonchus,asper, Spiny sowthistle,triazines 1980 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Sonchus,asper,syn ,fields and waste grounds,"widespread in the Old World, intoduced to New World","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Sonchus,asper, Weed Science List
• Sonchus,asper, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Sonchus,asper, "rough sowthistle, prickly sowthistle, sowthistle, spiny sowthistle","Sonchus asper is a common annual plant, found in a wide variety of habitats. It is a pioneer species and management is difficult because seeds germinate irregularly and over prolonged time and plants develop and mature rapidly and produce many easily disp","native to Eur, but now distributed around the world",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Sonchus,asper, spiny sowthistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Sonchus,cornutus, Weed Science List
• Sonchus,cornutus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Sonchus,exauriculatus, Weed Science List
• Sonchus,exauriculatus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Sonchus,macrocarpus,syn ,fields and waste grounds,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Sonchus,oleraceus, sow thistle,", vegetables, field crops",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; Western Samoa; Tonga; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Sonchus,oleraceus,milk thistle,HXXXXXH,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Sonchus,oleraceus, Milk Thistle,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1-9,11,12,13","Eur,SW As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Sonchus,oleraceus, Annual sowthistle,"78% germ at 10-25C alt. with alt. light/dark; seed germ in soil surface, 77% with 3 temp alt. of 20C:8hrs to 30C:8hrs to 8C:6hrs",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Sonchus,oleraceus, Smooth Sowthislte,Cosmopolitan,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Sonchus,oleraceus, Sowthistle ,chlorsulfuron 1990 Australia Wheat , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Sonchus,oleraceus,syn ,Sow-thistle,"fields, gardens, roadsides, waste groundFresh plants eaten as a salad","cosmopolitan weed, less abundant in the trop. than in cool & temp. regions; originally native to Old World, introduced into New World","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Sonchus,oleraceus, Weed Science List
• Sonchus,oleraceus, , Upland Japan Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Sonchus,oleraceus, annual sowthistle,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Sonchus,tenerrimus,sow thistle,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Sonchus,tenerrimus, S. dianae,Southern Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Sonchus,tenerrimus, Weed Science List
• Sonchus,uliginosus," Sonchus arvensis var. glabrescens, Sonchus arvensis var. uliginosus","91% germ at alt. 68-90F in 4-7days, germ at constant 90F was more rapid but only 50% germ obtained; 2yr old seed germ at alt. 15C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs germ 55% within 13days; vegetative propagation by cuttings of roots",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Sphaeranthus,africanus,syn Sphaeranthus microcephalus,"in areas with a weakly to strongly pronounced dry season; on heavy & lighter soils, margins of ditches, dried-out pools & dtiches; locally often gregarious; from 0-700m alt (Java); flowers Mar-Oct (Java); rainfed, upland & lebak rice fields, a weed of min","Afr, throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Sphaeranthus,bullatus, Weed Science List
• Sphaeranthus,bullatus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Sphaeranthus,indicus, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Sphaeranthus,indicus,syn Sphaeranthus hirtus,East Indian globe thistle,"usually on heavy soils; from0-1200m alt. Flowering May-Feb (Java); rainfed & upland rice fields , a weed of minor importance, the herb is a tonic & a laxative","India, tropical Asia; throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan, the Moluccas & Irian Jaya","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Spilanthes,iabadicensis,syn Spilanthes acmella,"on humid or dry sites; on shallow ditches, on sand & gravel bars in rivers, in moist gardens, in marshy meadows; scattered or gregarious, never vegetation-forming; up to 3100m alt.; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, ","unknown, througout Indonesia, except Irian Jaya","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Spilanthes,paniculata,"syn Spilanthes ocimicolia, Spilanthes pseudo-acmella","grows in drier places than does S. iabadicnesis; in fields & meadows, waste places, road & water sides, between stones, badly-drained pastures, swamp edges; up to 2200m alt; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the heads are pungent-tasting & r","tropical Amer, SE Asia, also in the Pacific; throughout Indonesia, but not very common in Irian Jaya","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Steirodiscus,chrysanthemoides,S,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Stevia,eupatoria,"stevia, Kempton's weed",P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Stevia,eupatoria, "stevia, Kempton's weed","unpalatable, useless as feed & rarely grazed by stock ex by accident; dense infestations limit grazing & pasture production",native of Mexico & is not well known outside the Americas,"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Stevia,eupatoria, stevia,Weed Science List
• Stevia,eupatoria, stevia,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Stoebe,plumosa, Stoebe cinera,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Syncarpha,vestita," Xeranthemum vestitum, Helichrysum vestitum""",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Synedrella,nodiflora, "syndrella, node weed",", plantations, lawns",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands ;Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Synedrella,nodiflora,nodeweed,w,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Synedrella,nodiflora, Synedrella,27% germ of seeds planted in moist sand a few wks after collection,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Synedrella,nodiflora,syn ,"lightly shaded, or more rarely, sunny, not inundated land; in open forest, in village groves, hedges, plantations (coffee, coconut), along roads & dikes, on wastelands, in gardens, on meadows; often gregarious; from 0-1200m alt; upland rice fields, a weed","tropical Amer, found in Java for the first time in 1888 & since then has spread throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Synedrella,nodiflora, "porter bush, fatten barrow, synedrella","Synedrella nodiflora is an annual herb; which has an interesting characteristic in that it has dimorphic seed production, being produced in the ray and disc florets. Each seed type is so distinct that they appear to represent separate species. This weed i","native to tropical America; now widely distributed in nearly 50 countries. It occurs not only in the Americas where it originated, but also in China, Aust, the Caribbean, India, Indonesia and the Philippines, and in several African countries.",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Synedrella,nodiflora, synedrella,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Synedrellopsis,grisebachii,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tagetes,minuta,"wild marigold, stinking roger, Mexican marigold, muster John Henry",XXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tagetes,minuta, Wild Marigold ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Tagetes,minuta, Wild marigold,"63% germ of 1-12wk old seed planted on surface of soil in greenhouse, pretreated seed sown in soil poor germ; light required for germ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Tagetes,minuta, stinking Roger,Weed Science List
• Tagetes,minuta, "stinking Roger, Mexican marigold, wild marigold, stinkweed","Tagetes minuta is a herbaceous weed prevalent in over 35 countries and is well known for the strong odor that arises from oil glands on its leaves. The oil has been studied for its pharmaceutical, nematicidal and insecticidal properties. It is found in m","native to S Amer, tropical and subtropical",WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Tagetes,minuta, wild marigold,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Tanacetum,boreale,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tanacetum,boreale, Weed Science List
• Tanacetum,haradjanii, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Tanacetum,huronense, "seeds planted in soil flats & exposed to winter weather for 71days, germ 59% within 7-42days after transfer to greenhouse; 12% within 64-92days of those directly planted in greenhouse",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Tanacetum,parthenium,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tanacetum,parthenium, Weed Science List
• Tanacetum,vulgare,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tanacetum,vulgare, Tansy ,"California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f",Californian Noxious Weed
• Tanacetum,vulgare, Tansy,80% germ in dark at 20-30C alt. & 48% in alt. light/dark; at 20-25C 96% germ in light in 3-23days & 68% in 5-8days in dark; germ markedly affected by light,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Tanacetum,vulgare, Tansy,"Crysanthemum vulgare, Chrysanthemum tanacetum",All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Tanacetum,vulgare, Common tansy ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Tanacetum,vulgare, Weed Science List
• Tanacetum,vulgare, tansy,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Taraxacum,erythrospermum, Smooth dandelion,"92% germ or more with 4 conditions tested; 15C alt. light/dark, 20C in dark & 20-30C alt. in either dark or in alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Taraxacum,erythrospermum, dandelion,Weed Science List
• Taraxacum,erythrospermum, smooth dandelion,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Taraxacum,kok-saghyz,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Taraxacum,kok-saghyz, "soaking seed for 3days in 1 molar soln of dextrose, KNO3 or KH2PO4, rinsing, drying & planting in soil; untreated seed germ 48% in 8days, treated 76, 70 & 60% respectively for dextrose, KNO3 or KH2PO4; 88% germ of untreated seed at 20-30C alt. in dark ",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Taraxacum,magalorhizon, 15-20C optimum for seed germ; recently harvested seed did not germ to any extent if held at 30C or at 0-1C & failed to germ when transferred to optimum temps,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Taraxacum,officinale,English dandelion,XXXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Taraxacum,officinale, Taraxacum vulgare,Danelion,"95% germ at 18C in dark within 7days; inc. germ with inc. length of storage; light beneficial at low temps, at 15C germ 4% in dark & 96% in light, at 20-30C alt. 72% in dark & 92% in alt. light/dark",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Taraxacum,officinale, Dandelion,"All Europe, N Asia & N Amer",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Taraxacum,officinale, dandelion,Weed Science List
• Taraxacum,officinale, , Hokkaido ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Taraxacum,officinale, dandelion,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Taraxacum,platycarpum, prechilling dec. germ % of seeds & inc. time required for completion of germ,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Taraxacum,pseudocalocephalum,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Taraxacum,vulgare, Weed Science List
• Taraxacum,vulgare, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Taraxacum ,officinale, "dandelion, common dandelion","Taraxacum officinale is an almost stemless, lactiferous, deeply rooted perennial herb, which is especially adapted to pastures, lawns, orchards, hay fields, roadsides and other areas of permanent vegetation with occasional disturbance.T. officinale is ",originated in Eur; now widely distributed in almost every temperate and subtropical region of the world.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Taraxacum ,Sects Hamata & Vulgaria,Dandelion,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Taraxacum ,Sects Hamata & Vulgaria, ,Dandelion,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,4,5,6,7,8,9,15","Introduced deliberately from: Euras, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Taraxacum Sect.,Erythrosperma,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Taraxacum Sect.,Hamata,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Taraxacum Sect.,Ruderalia,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tarchonanthus,camphoratus, Weed Science List
• Tarchonanthus,camphoratus, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Telekia,speciosa, Buphthalmum speciosum,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Tetradymia,canescens, spineless horsebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Tetradymia,glabrata, littleleaf horsebrush,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Thymophylla,tenuiloba," syn. Dyssodia tenuiloba, Hymenatherum tenuilobum",P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Tithonia,diversifolia,Japanese sunflower,XX,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tithonia,diversifolia, Mexican sunflower,"Woody SpeciesInvades: savanna, grassland, roadsides, riverbanks, at low altitudesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Tithonia,diversifolia, Mexican sunflower,"Woody SpeciesInvades: savanna, grassland, roadsides, riverbanks, at low altitudesCultivated for: ornament",Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Tithonia,diversifolia, Weed Science List
• Tithonia,diversifolia, tree marigold,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Tithonia,rotundifolia,Mexican sunflower,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tithonia,rotundifolia, red sunflower,"Woody SpeciesInvades: wasteland, roadsides, at moderate altitudes (+/- 600-1400m)Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Tithonia,rotundifolia, red sunflower,"Woody SpeciesInvades: wasteland, roadsides, at moderate altitudes (+/- 600-1400m)Cultivated for: ornament",Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Tithonia,rotundifolia, Weed Science List
• Tolpis,barbata,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tolpis,barbata, Weed Science List
• Tolpis,umbellata, Weed Science List
• Tragopogan,pratensis, Meadow salsify ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Tragopogon,dubius,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tragopogon,dubius, Western salsify ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Tragopogon,dubius, yellow salsify,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,"Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed"
• Tragopogon,dubius, Weed Science List
• Tragopogon,dubius,yellow goats-beard,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Tragopogon,hybridus,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tragopogon,hybridus, Region of origin - S Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Tragopogon,hybridus, Medit Region,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Tragopogon,hybridus,Compositae ,Medit Region,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Tragopogon,major, Tragopogon dubius,Western salsify,seeds planted in field in late autumn of year of collection 30% germ in following season,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Tragopogon,major, western salsify,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Tragopogon,porrifolius,salsify,XXXXX,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tragopogon,porrifolius, Salsify,"Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,11,12","Introduced deliberately from: Med and Commercially Available, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Tragopogon,porrifolius, Common salsify,96% germ in alt light/dark at alt. 20-30C & 76% in dark; at 20C in dark 72% & 15C in alt. light/dark 56%,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Tragopogon,porrifolius, Weed Science List
• Tragopogon,porrifolius, common salsify,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Tragopogon,pratensis, Meadow salsify,seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ100%; 92% germ at 20-25C within 7days in light & 88% in 8days in dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Tragopogon,pratensis, Goat's Beard,All Europe & W Asia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Tragopogon,pratensis,Compositae ,Goat's Beard,All Europe & W Asia,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Tragopogon,pratensis, meadow salsify,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Tridax,procumbens, "tridax, coat buttons",", vegetables, roadsides",Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Tridax,procumbens,tridax daisy,XH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tridax,procumbens, Tridax daisy,Weed Science List
• Tridax,procumbens,syn ,"Especially in drier areas; sunny or lightly shaded, dry or slightly wet substrata; along roads, dikes, railroads, riverbanks, cultivated land, meadows, dunes; often gregarious; from 0-1500m alt; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, so","tropical Amer, India & SE Asia; found in Java for the first time in 1875 & since then has spread throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Tridax,procumbens, "Tridax procumbens is generally considered a perennial but some refer to it as an annual or short-lived perennial. It adapts to many environments and is frequently foun in annual crops, roadsides, pastures, fallow land and waste areas, and occaasionally in",native to the tropical Americas but now found in nearly 60 countries.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Tripleurospermum,inodorum,T. maritimum ssp. inodorum,scentless mayweed,H,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Tripleurospermum,maritimum,= Matricaria maritima,mayweed,Weed Science List
  Tripleurospermum,maritimum,= Matricaria maritima,mayweed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Tussilago,farfara, Coltsfoot,"75% germ of seed placed in germinator after harvest & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 94% germ immediately after harvest, 57%, 41% & 3% after 1, 2, & 4mths of air-dry storage at 18-23C",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Tussilago,farfara, Coltsfoot,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Tussilago,farfara,Compositae ,Coltsfoot,All Europe,Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Tussilago,farfara, coltsfoot,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Tussilago,farfara,coltsfoot,"RANK 2. "SIGNIFICANT THREAT"Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Urospermum,dalechampii,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Urospermum,picroides,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Urospermum,picroides, Weed Science List
• Urospermum,picroides,syn Tragopogon picroides,"fields, gardens, roadsides, waste ground","Medit, S Eur, W Asia","The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Ursinia,anethoides, "seeds soaked in water overnight, only swollen seeds tested at 26C, 63% in 15days in dark & 59% in 70days in light",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ursinia,anthemoides,H,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ursinia,anthemoides, Weed Science List
• Ursinia,chrysanthemoides,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ursinia,chrysanthemoides, Weed Science List
• Ursinia,speciosa,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Ursinia,speciosa, "seeds soaked in water overnight, only swollen seeds tested at 26C, 67% in 15days in dark & 36% in 70days in light",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Ursinia,speciosa, Weed Science List
• Vellereophyton,dealbatum,White Cudweed,HH,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Vellereophyton,dealbatum, White Cudweed,"Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,29,11","S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Vellereophyton,dealbatum, Weed Science List
• Vemonia,cinerea, "vemonia, iron weed",", sweet potato, banana",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Verbesina,encelioides,Ximenesia exauriculata,"crown beard, American dogweed, golden crownbeard, gold weed",XXX,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Verbesina,encelioides, Ximenesia exauriculata,"crown beard, American dogweed, golden crownbeard, gold weed, South African daisy, wild sunflower","introd to NSW in 1st decade of this century, & 1st recorded at Wisemans Ferry in 1908; since sprd over the whole of C & N Coast areas & into the N & C Western Slopes & Western Plains; occurs in S & C Qld, at Waikerie in SA & a few patches have been found ","native of Mexico & southern USA, where it is a common weed of field borders from Cal. to Kansas; introd to several other countries, inc. SW Arabian Peninsula, Arg, Pacific Is., & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Verbesina,encelioides, crown beard,Weed Science List
• Verbesina,encelioides, crown beard,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Verbesina,encelioides var. exauriculata, ,crownbeard,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Verbesina,persicifolia, Weed Science List
• Verbesina,persicifolia, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Vernonia,altissima, tall ironweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Vernonia,baldwini, western ironweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Vernonia,baldwinii, Western ironweed,seeds germ in lab conditions readily; rhizomes with buds vegetative reproduction,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Vernonia,cinerea,X,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Vernonia,cinerea,"syn Vernonia abbreviata, Vernonia laxiflora, Vernonia leptophylla, Vernonia linifolia, Vernonia parviflora, Vernonia zollingeriana","sunny or lightly shaded, not wet, often grassy sites (alang-alang & other grasses), along roadsides, in rubber & tea plantations, dunes; often gregarious; from 0-1400m alt (java); flowers all year round; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, Ver","unknown, tropical; throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"
• Vernonia,cinerea, "vernonia, little ironweed, ironweed","Vernonia cinerea is an annual, erect herb, which is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and occurs in nearly 50 countries and is common in gardens, field and plantation crops, pastures, roadsides and waste areas.V. cinerea is a reported weed o",widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al.
• Vernonia,cinerea, little ironweed,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Vernonia,noveboracensis, "seed planted in soil flats, exposed to winter weather outdoors for 83days 78% germ within 11-21days after transfer to greenhouse; 57% within 34-90days of seed immediately planted in greenhouse",Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Vernonia,patula, 45% germ of seed planted in moist sand 2wks after collection,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Vernonia,polyanthes, Weed Science List
• Vernonia,polyanthes, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Viguiera,annua, annual goldeneye,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Viguiera,dentata, Weed Science List
• Viguiera,dentata, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Viguiera,stenoloba, shrubby goldeneye,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Wedelia,glauca,Pascalia weed,P,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Wedelia,glauca, Pascalia weed,Weed Science List
• Wedelia,glauca, Weed Science List
• Wedelia,glauca, Pascalia weed,P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Wedelia,trilobata, wedelia,", vegetables",French Polynesia; American Samoa; Vanuatu ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Wedelia,trilobata,Silphum trilobatum,Singapore daisy,Xw,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Wedelia,trilobata, Region of origin - S Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3
• Wedelia,trilobata,wedelia,"Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. ",List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
• Wyethia,amplexicaulis, mulesears,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Xanthium,ambrosioides,L,NT,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Xanthium,californicum,Part of X. strumarium,noogoora burr complex,L,SA; NT; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Xanthium,californicum, Weed Science List
• Xanthium,canavillesii,Part of X. strumarium,noogoora burr complex,LP,SA; NT; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Xanthium,cavanillesii,= X. strumarium,S. American burr, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Xanthium,cavanillesii, "S. American burr, X. strumarium",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Xanthium,chinense, oriental cocklebur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Xanthium,echinatum, beach cocklebur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Xanthium,italicum,Part of X. strumarium,noogoora burr complex,LP,SA; NT; Vic,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Xanthium,italicum,= X. strumarium,Hunter burr, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Xanthium,italicum, Italian cocklebur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Xanthium,italicum, "Hunter burr, X. strumarium",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Xanthium,occidentale,"Part of X. strumarium, Xanthium pungens, Xanthium strumarium, Xanthium chinense","noogoora burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur, noogoora burr complex",XAHH,L,NSW; Vic; Qld; NT; WA; SA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Xanthium,occidentale,= X. strumarium,Noogoora burr, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Xanthium,occidentale, "Noogoora burr, X. strumarium",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Xanthium,orientale,"Part of X. strumarium, Xanthium californicum","Californian burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur"" noogoora burr complex",L,NSW; Vic; SA; NT; WA,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Xanthium,orientale, Xanthium californicum,"Californian burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur","originates in N Amer, & only occurs in California & Aust","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Xanthium,orientale,= X. strumarium,Californian burr, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Xanthium,orientale, "Californian burr, X. strumarium",P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Xanthium,pensylvanicum, Weed Science List
• Xanthium,pensylvanicum, common cocklebur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Xanthium,pensylvanicum, P,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Xanthium,pungens, noogoora burr,", vegetables, pasture",Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Papua New Guinea ,""Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific", D.F Waterhouse"
• Xanthium,speciosum, showy cocklebur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Xanthium,spinosum,"Bathust burr, burweed, prickly burrweed, spiny cocklebur, spiny clotbur ",HXXXHH,L,ACT; NSW; Vic; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Tas,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Xanthium,spinosum, Bathhurst Burr,"Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8,9,12","trop Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations",Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria
• Xanthium,spinosum, Spiny Cockleburr,"Mainland Europe, except Denmark",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Xanthium,spinosum, "Bathust burr, burweed, prickly burrweed, spiny cocklebur, spiny clotbur ","; listed as a weed in 39 countries & is a serious competitor with such crops as cotton, maize, peas, potatoes, sorghum, sugarcane & grapes",; Tas-Nox & Prohib (as Xanthium spp.),"Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Xanthium,spinosum, Spiny cocklebur ,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed)
• Xanthium,spinosum, spiny cocklebur,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks",Origin: uncertain probably S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Xanthium,spinosum, spiny cocklebur,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks",Origin: uncertain probably S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Xanthium,spinosum, Bathurst burr ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Xanthium,spinosum,syn ,"roadsides, fields, moist ground; naturalised",native of S Amer; introduced into many regions of the Old World,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Xanthium,spinosum, Bathurst burr, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Weed Science List
• Xanthium,spinosum, spiny cocklebur,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Xanthium,spinosum, Bathurst burr,P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Xanthium,spinosum,spiny cocklebur,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Xanthium,spp., Cocklebur,burr contains 2 types of seed differing in time of germ; upper burr germ at 32-34C with seed coat removed or increased oxygen pressure that breaks down metabolic inhibitors,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Xanthium,spp., P, Declared spp. under ARRPA,Western Australian Prohibited List
• Xanthium,strumarium, Lots,"Mainland Europe, except Denmark",Hanf "Arable Weeds of the World"
• Xanthium,strumarium, Common cocklebur,MSMA/DSMA 1985 USA Cotton , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Xanthium,strumarium, Common cocklebur,imidazolinones 1989 USA Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Xanthium,strumarium, large cocklebur,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks",Origin: uncertain probably C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Xanthium,strumarium, large cocklebur,"Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks",Origin: uncertain probably C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds)
• Xanthium,strumarium,syn X. brasilicum,"fields, Nile and canal banks, moist ground",naturalised in many regions of the Old World,"The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M"
• Xanthium,strumarium, Weed Science List
• Xanthium,strumarium,common cocklebur,"RANK 3. "LESSER THREAT"Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.",Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee
• Xanthium,strumarium spp. agg., Noogoora burr complex N ," PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea"," Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Move","South Australian ""Proclaimed Plants"" (Weed)"
• Xanthium ,occidentale," Xanthium pungens, Xanthium strumarium, Xanthium chinense","Noogoora burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur","originate in N Amer & is now sprd throughout the temp & subtrop regions of the world 7 considered imprt. weed in 28 countries inc. India, Thai, Philip, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, S Afr, W Asia, several Medit countries & the USA (inc. Hawaii)","Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C"
• Youngia,japonica, Asiatic hawksbeard,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian(at)pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap
• Youngia,japonica, Weeds of sown grassland , Shizuoka Upland Japan Miyasaki Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia
• Youngia,japonica, oriental hawkbeard,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966
• Zinnia,elegans,wild zinnia,X,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Zinnia,oligantha, 100% germ of seeds with intact coats (but removed from fruit walls) within 3days at 26-27C with 12hrs light:12hrs dark,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes
• Zinnia,peruviana,N,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa
• Zinnia,peruviana, Weed Science List
• Erigeron,sumatrensis,"syn Erigeron linifolius, Conyza ambigua",fleabane,"sunny to lightly shaded dry or moist (but not marshy) regions with weak or pronounced dry season; on steep embarkments, alang-alang & othe rgrass vegetation, along dikes & roads, wastelands & agricultuaral land; in young secondary scrub, in rubber & tea p","tropical Amer, pantropical; found for the first time in Java before 1860 & spread throughout Indonesia","Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987"