| 5484294 |
Nursery |
|
| 5482901 |
Nursery |
|
| 0010071 |
Development |
Seedlings in fully-enclosed greenhouses are often moved to a shadehouse where the change in temperature and humidity aid the hardening process. Other nurseries remove the greenhouse covering during the latter part of the growing season to expose the crop to ambient conditions. |
| 1160004 |
Seedling(s) |
Georgia Forestry Commission Flint River Nursery |
| 1217059 |
Management |
Recently top clipped slash pine |
| 1429014 |
Equipment |
refrigerated trailer for seedling transport |
| 0010041 |
Seedling(s) |
The second way to produce forest and conservation seedlings is in container nurseries. Container ("plug") seedlings are grown in small capacity containers in special growth-promoting environments that can produce a shippable seedling in as little as 9 to 12 months. |
| 0010045 |
Management |
In milder climates, container seedlings can be grown in outdoor compounds. These areas are covered with gravel and porous tarps to control weed growth, and the seedlings are raised on the ground or on tables. Although temperatures cannot be controlled, the crop has the benefit of irrigation, fertilization, and, at this nursery, photoperiodic lighting. |
| 0010059 |
Culture |
After they are sown, the seedlings are moved out into the growing area. Many container nurseries place the containers on specially-designed benches that promote air pruning of the roots. Some benches are constructed on rollers so that they can be moved together when access is not required. This feature is popular because less valuable growing space is wasted. |
| 0010061 |
Development |
Seed germination takes from 2 to 4 weeks and, in the case of multiple seed sowing, many containers have more than one germinant per cell. Most growers feel that oversowing is justified because it is considered more economical to waste a little seed rather than tolerate empty containers which waste valuable growing space. Resowing empty containers is an option, but later-sown seedlings are often overtopped by their neighbors and remain stunted. |
| 0010062 |
Management |
After seed germination is complete, crews of workers thin multiple germinants down to one per cell. Extra seedlings are either pulled or clipped, depending on their size. Larger seedlings must be clipped because, if they are pulled, they may uproot the crop seedling. |
| 0010069 |
Development |
At the end of the Rapid Growth Phase, when container seedlings have reached their desired height, the growing environment is changed to initiate the Hardening Phase. |
| 0010072 |
Monitoring |
Cold hardiness tests can be used to determine when the seedlings are ready for harvesting, because research has shown that these tests are a good indication of overall hardiness and dormancy. |
| 0010073 |
Damage |
Seedling roots and the cambium around the root collar are much less cold tolerant that the shoots, and can be damaged or even killed at temperatures that are only a few degrees below freezing. |
| 4798091 |
Nursery |
Washington state |
| 4798084 |
Control |
seed bed fumigation with Methyl Bromide at Weyerhaeuser Fort Towsen Nursery |
| 4798089 |
Nursery |
Weyerhaeuser Nursery in Washington |
| 4798085 |
Management |
top pruned seedling at Champion International Nursery in Polk County, Texas |
| 4824011 |
Management |
Container production in Florida, USA |
