| 5395580 |
Diagram or Graphic |
organic to inorganic transition cycle for tree fertilization |
| 5395616 |
Equipment |
worker carrying hose from truck for fertilizer application |
| 5395574 |
Diagram or Graphic |
cations bound to negatively charged soil particles |
| 5395578 |
Diagram or Graphic |
nutrient availability changing with pH |
| 5395499 |
Diagram or Graphic |
Subsurface, drill-hole application of fertilizer requires drilling holes to a depth of 4 to 12 inches (4 to 8 preferred) and pouring a specified amount of fertilizer into each hole. There should be at least 2 inches between the top of the fertilizer and the surface of the soil. |
| 5395503 |
Diagram or Graphic |
Nutrients and micronutrients |
| 5377223 |
Diagram or Graphic |
nitrogen leaching |
| 5377129 |
Application |
depending on the nutrient content of the soils, a complete fertilizer may not be needed. A soil test prior to fertilizer application is recommended. |
| 1361178 |
Diagram or Graphic |
Drilling holes for soil fertilization |
| 1572585 |
Application |
Manure spreader. January 1997 |
| 1572477 |
Equipment |
Tank of anhydrous ammonia near irrigation canal. Ammonia is added to the irrigation water where it is diverted to the field. November 1996 |
| 1570867 |
Equipment |
Chemical metering system; nurse tank and float. November 1994 |
| 1572586 |
Equipment |
Manure spreader. January 1997 |
| 1572587 |
Equipment |
Manure spreader. January 1997 |
| 5444578 |
Equipment |
A simple equipment to create a very fine spray pattern without pressure and filtration. |
| 5444198 |
Equipment |
Local entering of preplant fertilizer should be placed below the bed surface and be available to the plants. |
| 5444201 |
Application |
Application of fertilizers on leaves - the amendment of a mineral food of plants. Early in the morning well visible a zone of watering of roots of plants. |
| 1402011 |
Damage |
Fertilizer, especially excessive quantities, placed too close to the roots can cause injury from the salts formed in solution. This type of injury is more likely to occur in sandy soils and during dry weather. Symptoms include: shriveled roots, very limited new root growth, and slow irregular above ground growth. |
| 5388233 |
Demonstration |
Using the drill hole system to fertilize allows air and fertilizer to better penetrate the soil. After the fertilizer has been applied, the holes are than filled with organic or inorganic mulch. |
| 1402002 |
Damage |
Excessive rates of fertilizer, especially soluble salts and nitrogen and potassium, can result in seedling injure indicated by slow or irregular plant growth, yellowing or "burning" of leaves, and death of plants in patches. Whitish fertilizer residues may be noted on the soil surface. Stem necrosis sometimes occurs near the soil line. Symptoms are more acute in dry soil. |
| 1440012 |
Damage |
Fertilizer injury results from high concentrations of soluble salts and is most pronounced during periods of dry weather. Under such conditions, plants become dehydrated and wilt, develop a yellow color with browning or burning along leaf margins, and may eventually die. Also, a white coating may occur on the soil where fertilizer salts carried to the surface by evaporating water. Seedling injury may result from effects of fertilizers other than salt concentration. For example, ammonia produced from excessive amounts of ammonium fertilizer may cause injury similar to that caused by soluble salts. The use of organic fertilizers has been found to cause damage to stems of young seedlings at or near soil surface. Where high concentrations of soluble salts occur, through watering of the plant bed for two or three consecutive days will usually correct the condition |
| 4798077 |
Equipment |
Fertilizer application |
| 1391135 |
Damage |
Nitrogen burn |
| 1391134 |
Damage |
Nitrogen burn |
| 1391131 |
Damage |
Nitrogen burn |
| 1391132 |
Damage |
Nitrogen burn |
| 1391130 |
Damage |
Nitrogen burn |
| 0010017 |
Application |
Bareroot nurseries apply the mineral nutrients that are needed for rapid growth with chemical fertilizers. Unless soil tests show other nutrient deficiencies, nitrogen and potassium are the only fertilizers that are typically applied - remember that phosphorus is typically applied before sowing. During the growing season applications are called "top dressings" because they are done over the top of the crop. The application rates are determined by experience or from chemical tests of the soil and seedling foliage. |
| 4799040 |
Equipment |
Precision plow for subsoil injection of liquid fertilizer on plantation sites. |
| 5388266 |
Product |
Muriate of Potash is a good source of potassium. |
| 1217086 |
Monitoring |
Poultry litter fertilization. Checking spreader application |
| 1217090 |
Equipment |
Poultry litter application. Spreader calibration |
| 1217091 |
Equipment |
Poultry litter application. Spreader calibration |
| 1217087 |
Equipment |
Poultry litter application |
| 1217088 |
Equipment |
Poultry litter application |
| 1217089 |
Equipment |
Poultry litter application |
| 1217092 |
Equipment |
Poultry litter application |
| 1217083 |
Equipment |
|
| 1217085 |
Equipment |
Poultry litter application |
| 1217081 |
Equipment |
|
| 1217074 |
Equipment |
|
| 1217075 |
Equipment |
|
| 5375254 |
Display or Sign |
Limestone is often used to enhance fertilization effectiveness and promote soil pH. |
| 5375255 |
Soil and water |
Soil can be deficient in lime and need proper supplies of calcium and magnesium to help enhance fertilizer effectiveness and nuetralize soil acidity. |
| 5375256 |
Soil and water |
Lawns that are deficient and not producing a healthy lawn may require dolomitic limestone to help correct soil pH and boost nutrients. |
| 5337008 |
Damage |
fertilizer burn |
| 5368953 |
Symptoms |
a 10x rate of fertilizer had been used and likely caused the yellowing and necrosis of the older leaves and along the margins of the younger leaves. Dark variety VA 359. |
| 5368954 |
Symptoms |
a 10x rate of fertilizer had been used and likely caused the yellowing and necrosis of the older leaves and along the margins of the younger leaves. Dark variety VA 359. |
| 5368955 |
Symptoms |
a 10x rate of fertilizer had been used and likely caused the yellowing and necrosis of the older leaves and along the margins of the younger leaves. Dark variety VA 359. |
| 5368956 |
Symptoms |
a 10x rate of fertilizer had been used and likely caused the yellowing and necrosis of the older leaves and along the margins of the younger leaves. Dark variety VA 359. |
| 5362388 |
Equipment |
A fertilizer injector used for operations in orchards. |
| 5367284 |
Equipment |
An ammonia applicator in the field. |
| 5367285 |
Equipment |
An ammonia applicator in the field. |
| 5360154 |
Equipment |
Two ammonia tanks used for ammonia fertilization in the field. Please note the sprinkler for the center pivot irrigation system in the background. |
| 5360153 |
Equipment |
A tractor hauling ammonia tanks used for ammonia fertilization in the field. |
| 5360141 |
Application |
A TerraGator applying a starter fertilizer to a field. |
| 5360142 |
Application |
A TerraGator applying a starter fertilizer to a field. |
| 5360140 |
Application |
A TerraGator applying a starter fertilizer to a field. |
| 5356992 |
Damage |
Damage to rice plants due to organic matter toxicity in a field. |
| 5358945 |
People |
Farmers in Ethiopia receiving their allotments of fertilizer. |
| 5365205 |
Equipment |
Rear discharge fertilizer spreader, distributing biosolids (manure) onto a field. |
| 5365204 |
Equipment |
Loading biosolids in preparation for fertilizing a field. |
| 5365203 |
Equipment |
Biosolids spreader at work, fertilizing a field. |
| 1118246 |
Equipment |
Dropping of fertilizer |
| 4799034 |
Tree(s) |
Urea treated stump. |
| 4799041 |
Equipment |
Precision plow for subsoil injection of liquid fertilizer on plantation sites. |
| 1403012 |
Monitoring |
Collecting a foliage sample for nutrient analyses. Needles from the spring flush of the current year are collected in December. From the bud, follow the needles back along the stem to the sterile bract region on the stem. This "bare" area on the stem is a transition where the first flush of needle growth in the spring stopped & the second needle flush began. Collect needles between this point and the first set of lateral shoots. See images 1403009 & 1403011 |
| 0976033 |
Equipment |
helicopter applying fertilizer |
| 1403010 |
Monitoring |
Using a shotgun to collect a foliage sample for nutrient analyses. Georgia Coastal Plain |
| 1403011 |
Monitoring |
Collecting a foliage sample for nutrient analyses. Needles from the spring flush of the current year are collected in December. From the bud, follow the needles back along the stem to the sterile bract region on the stem. This "bare" area on the stem is a transition where the first flush of needle growth in the spring stopped & the second needle flush began. Collect needles between this point and the first set of lateral shoots. See image 1403009 |
| 1403007 |
Monitoring |
Using a shotgun to collect foliage samples to determine nutrient status. Dougherty County, Georgia 1998 |
| 1403008 |
Monitoring |
Foliage stripped from lateral branch on right for nutrient alalyses. Compare to terminal shoot and lateral shoot on the left where foliage was not collected. The last flush of growth at the shoot tip is not included in the sample. Dixon Memorial Forest, Waycross, Georgia 1999 |
| 1403009 |
Monitoring |
Spring flush needles stripped from shoot for nutrient analyses. Needles from the spring flush of the current year are collected in December. From the bud, follow the needles back along the stem to the sterile bract region on the stem. This "bare" area on the stem is a transition where the first flush of needle growth in the spring stopped & the second needle flush began. Collect needles between this point and the first set of lateral shoots. See image 1403011 |
| 0010007 |
Management |
In addition to the organic matter supplied by the cover crop, many nurseries add organic amendments such as sawdust during the fallow year. Nitrogen fertilizer is added at the same time to speed the decomposition rate; if no fertilizer is supplied, the microorganisms will utilize all the nitrogen in the soil and cause a deficiency in the subsequent seedling crop. |
| 0010053 |
Feature(s) |
Fertilizers or other chemical amendments are sometimes added to growing media during the mixing process. Dolomite is used to supply calcium and magnesium and raise the low pH. Slow-release fertilizers are composed of resin-coated pellets which release the mineral nutrients as a function of temperature and moisture. |
| 4798090 |
Management |
Thinning newly germinated seedlings. |
| 4798078 |
Management |
Fertilizer application |
| 0908083 |
Symptoms |
one year old planted bareroot seedling on a phosphorus deficient flatwoods site in the coastal plain of Georgia. Note stunted and yellow foliage on seedling in center of image. |
| 4799047 |
Culture |
Deep placement of N-Sol (32% liquid nitrogen) 20" deep before planting cottonwood cuttings. Increased growth has been achieved when used on land that has been in row crop production for numerous years. It is placed deep in the soil to avoid uptake by competing herbaceous vegetation and to give young cottonwoods a boost in early years. in Fitler, Mississippi |
| 4799048 |
Culture |
Deep placement of N-Sol (32% liquid nitrogen) 20" deep before planting cottonwood cuttings. Increased growth has been achieved when used on land that has been in row crop production for numerous years. It is placed deep in the soil to avoid uptake by competing herbaceous vegetation and to give young cottonwoods a boost in early years. in Fitler, Mississippi |
