Through research, technology, and education, the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) promotes the professional practice of arboriculture and fosters a greater worldwide awareness of the benefits of trees.

ISA is a dynamic medium through which arborists around the world share their experience and knowledge for the benefit of society. ISA is aligned on many fronts with other green organizations and is working hard to foster a better understanding of trees and tree care through research and the education of professionals as well as global efforts to inform tree care consumers.

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Image	Subject Name	Scientific Name	Description
5377006	tree anatomy		cross-section of trunk
5377013	tree anatomy		diagram of tree stem
5395467	tree anatomy		cross section of a trunk
5394658	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394660	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394655	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394654	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394651	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5430375	tree implants
5430413	tree injections
5395580	fertilization		organic to inorganic transition cycle for tree fertilization
5395616	fertilization		worker carrying hose from truck for fertilizer application
5395617	crown thinning (pruning)		over thining
5395574	fertilization		cations bound to negatively charged soil particles
5395575	grade change		before grade change
5395576	water budget
5395577	felling		showing holding wood from notch
5395578	fertilization		nutrient availability changing with pH
5395579	mulching		a layer of mulch can effectively adsorb and hold water
5395503	fertilization		Nutrients and micronutrients
5395504	friction hitch		Muenter Hitch
5395505	mulching		a layer of mulch can efficiently absorb and hold water.
5395497	urban planting		planning map for back yard showing utilities
5395498	tree climbing competition		Master's challenge
5395499	fertilization		Subsurface, drill-hole application of fertilizer requires drilling holes to a depth of 4 to 12 inches (4 to 8 preferred) and pouring a specified amount of fertilizer into each hole. There should be at least 2 inches between the top of the fertilizer and the surface of the soil.
5395501	site selection mistakes
5395494	rigging (general)		landing zone for rigging
5395495	pruning (general)		Landing zone for trimming operations
5395496	urban planting		planning map for back yard
5395489	lightning protection
5395490	lightning protection		protection in a decurrent tree
5395485	biological control (general)
5395486	urban planting		factors to consider in the urban landscape
5395487	defoliation due to unknown cause
5395480	ground worker		some plants can cause rashes from allergic reaction
5395482	chainsaw		this quadrant of the bar tip is very susceptible to kickback
5395474	tree injections
5395469	drought		using indicator plants for determining water stress
5395470	drought		using indicator plants for determining water stress
5395471	utility line clearance pruning		indirect contact
5395472	planting		showing interface in planting hole
5395479	mulching		keeping mulch from the base of a tree prevents rodents and other creachers from making a home at the base and potentially damaging the tree.
5395468	lightning protection		Attaching wire to grounding rod
5395464	water budget		diagram in series of planning for hydrozones
5395465	water budget		diagram in series of planning for hydrozones
5395466	water budget		diagram in series of planning for hydrozones
5395204	water budget		diagram in series of planning for hydrozones
5395196	risk tree
5395197	risk tree
5395198	risk tree
5377165	cabling		cable to another tree
5377166	cabling		cabled to another tree
5377167	cabling		cabled to another tree
5377177	water budget		diagram in series of planning for hydrozones
5377196	root zone excavation		using air compressor driven tool such as air spade or air knife.
5377223	fertilization		nitrogen leaching
5377169	cabling		cable to another tree...through bolt is at the wrong angle relative to the pull of the cable
5377170	cabling		cable to another tree
5377163	staking		guy wire to ground
5377164	cabling		guy wire to another tree
5377158	lightning protection
5377159	tailgate safety		when an emergency happens, it is important to call emergency services
5377160	cabling		cable to other tree
5377150	grade change		grade change at edge of root zone
5377151	grade change		grade change at edge of root zone
5377152	grade change		grade change on edge of root zone
5377153	grade change		grade change on edge of root zone
5377154	grade change		grade change well over edge of root zone
5377155	grade change		grade change well over edge of root zone
5377148	tailgate safety		filling a gas can
5377149	stem girdling roots
5377147	drainage		french drain
5377145	utilities		electrical hazard
5377140	felling
5377141	planting
5377142	utility line clearance pruning		example of direct contact
5377143	plant diagnostics
5377136	plant diagnostics		Doctor Dendro working with an arborist
5377137	bracing		cross-section of dead end bolt illustration
5377138	cabling		equation for percentage of sound wood for throughbolt applications
5377139	urban planting		planning for urban landscape and following a landscape design
5377131	construction		protecting trees during construction
5377132	pre-climb inspection		evaluationg possible crotch choices for climbing line placement
5377133	pre-climb inspection		Evaluating crotches while in tree for climbing line placement
5377128	soil compaction
5377135	tree worker
5377123	air pollutants		chronic stress caused by factory smoke
5377125	tree worker		basic tree worker personal protection equipment
5377116	plant diagnostics		various insects that feed on trees
5377117	soil compaction		bulk density diagram
5377118	cabling		proper positioning of the cable
5377111	lightning protection		Tree lightning protection systems.
5377112	ISA Publications
5377113	utilities		boots do not offer protection to electrical conductors
5377114	chainsaw		starting a bore cut
5377115	ISA Publications
5377106	drainage		poor drainage site
5377107	plant diagnostics
5377108	water budget
5377109	friction hitch		Blake's hitch
5377110	tree anatomy
5377104	plant diagnostics
5377097	crown reduction (pruning)		proper location for a crown reduction cut
5377098	allelopathy		allelopathic effects
5377099	human caused injury		tree being injured
5377100	soil compaction		truck compacting soil over roots
5377101	human caused injury		now showing decline from past injuries
5377103	abiotic stresses (general)		mature tree predisposed to decline via abiotic stresses
5377096	tree climbing competition		setup for Belayed Speed Climb Event
5377088	planting stock		example of a bad nursery tree
5377090	tree pit		trees along street that have outgrown their locations
5377086	water budget
5377067	cracks or splits
5377078	ISA Publications
5377081	lightning protection		diagram of simple setup
5377083	ISA Publications
5377062	branch union
5377063	branch union
5377064	crown thinning (pruning)
5377065	crown raising (pruning)
5377066	crown reduction (pruning)
5377001	cabling		Top diagram shows proper alignment of lag or through bolt to cable
5376989	cabling		cutting off excess of throughbolt
5377082	lightning protection		diagram of lines to multiple groundrods
5377056	staking		different ways to stake a tree
5376983	ground worker		using a cant hook for rolling logs
5395507	static tree support		multiple support systems
5430411	climbing work
5430374	staking
5395502	site selection mistakes
5395506	organic mulch		bag of wood chip mulch
5395500	tree worker		method of ascent using slack tender
5395473	crown cleaning (pruning)		removing dead branches from conifer
5377168	cabling		cabled to another tree
5395463	staking
5377161	staking		guy wire to ground
5377124	tree worker
5377157	staking		ground anchor on spruce
5377126	dynamic tree support		showing Cobra system
5377071	cabling		showing hand wrap cable termination
5377070	cabling		cable wrap and thimble
5376999	cabling		position of a cable relative to branch union being supported
5430412	pruning (general)
5395484	chainsaw		the action of kickback
5395476	plant diagnostics		examining a pheromone trap
5395483	chainsaw		the action of kickback
5395475	plant diagnostics
5377144	cabling		when using electric tools in the tree the tolls should be secured with a lanyard even during use. This setup does not provide for secure use.
5377146	cabling		When using electric tools in the tree the tolls should be secured with a lanyard even during use. This setup does provide for secure use.
5377134	cabling		showing recommended distance for cabling on same stem. Cables should be at least the diameter of the stem apart if not more.
5377121	chipping		basic safety
5377095	felling		preventing barber chair
5377092	felling		2 of 4 showing development of barber chair
5377093	felling		3 of 4 showing development of barber chair
5377094	felling		4 of 4 showing development of barber chair
5377080	bracing
5377077	cabling		Arrangement of multiple cables on one lag or through-bolt.
5377091	felling		1 of 4 showing development of barber chair
5377089	rigging (general)		balancing a load
5377085	tree worker		using the climbing line to reach the tip of a limb
5377087	rigging (general)
5377084	chainsaw		use of chainsaw in limb removal while aloft
5377004	cabling		staggering of cables on same stem
5377002	cabling		Demonstration of cable
5376982	chainsaw		basic safety
5376993	cabling		Demonstrates come-along for cable installation pulling two leads/branches/trees together.
5376979	mechanical advantadge		using a 2-1 mechanical advantadge
5376986	cabling
5376987	cabling		lag and through bolt hardware
5377005	cabling		diagram of lag several years after installation
5430416	soil & water		begining of series on water movement through different soil types
5377058	branch union		branch attachment
5377059	crown reduction (pruning)
5377061	branch union
5377057	staking		different stakes or anchors used with trees
5377051	planting
5377052	planting		showing comparison of proper technique with backet removed or cut back and impropper technique with basket left in place.
5377053	planting		compating planting hole shape and root development
5377055	planting
5377043	water budget		Water use within the landscape
5377045	ISA Publications
5377046	ISA Publications
5377048	planting
5377049	planting		with taproot
5377050	stem girdling roots		circling roots
5377040	soil aggregates		Soil particles at different soil moisture contents
5377041	soil aggregates		movement of watter in different soil types
5377042	irrigation		sprinkler in yard
5377038	soil aggregates		movement of water through different soil types
5377039	soil aggregates		movement of water through different soil types
5377035	soil aggregates		soil particles
5377036	soil aggregates		soil particles at field capacity
5377032	soil aggregates		showing general composition of soil
5377033	soil horizons		showing example of soil horizons
5377026	tree anatomy		pinnate leaf on stem
5377020	tree anatomy		the tree, the inputs and outputs with its environment and its internal allocations of resources
5377021	tree anatomy		Graph of Photosynthesis and growth rate as water or nutrient availability varies
5377022	tree anatomy		Graph of Photosynthesis, growth rate, and allelochemical concentration (secondary metabolites) water or nutrient availability varies
5377023	abiotic stresses (general)		abiotic stresses can begin teh cycle of decline where a mature tree becomes predisposed to further stresses as well as insect and disease problems followed be the continued decline of the tree and substantial dieback.
5377024	plant diagnostics		The Appropriate Response Process (ARP) can be used to evaluate the various aspects of a situation and determint the proper course of action based on the condition of the plant, the envieonmen the plant is in, and the perceptions and expectations of the client. It is a continuing process since it is necessary to re-evaluate the situation as variables change.
5377017	allelopathy
5377018	plant diagnostics
5377019	Dutch elm disease	Ophiostoma ulmi	disease cycle
5377015	plant diagnostics		foliage symptoms
5377014	Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees (CODIT)
5377012	tree anatomy		basic diagram of photosynthesis
5377009	tree anatomy		leaf cross-section
5377007	tree anatomy		diagram of twig
5377008	branch union		branch bark collar
5377003	cabling		different static support system configurations
5376997	cabling		Demonstrating hand wrap technique of terminating a cable
5376994	cabling		Chicago grip
5376990	cabling		seating washer and bolt of throughrod against trunk
5376991	cabling		quick wrap and thimble used in cable termination in cable installation
5376992	cabling		process of using a cable wrap or quickend to terminate a cable
5376988	cabling		typical equipment used in installing cables; drill and come-a-long attached to sling
5376981	construction		Soil trenching/tunneling during construction. Possible root loss. Circle depicts dripline.
5375259	soil & water		Soil types and compositions.
5395478	planting
5377129	fertilization		depending on the nutrient content of the soils, a complete fertilizer may not be needed. A soil test prior to fertilizer application is recommended.
5377122	chlorosis (general symptom)
5430414	soil & water		showing root hairs surrounded by soil particles and water
5395481	chainsaw		Different chain types to prevent kickback
5395195	ISA Publications
5377156	ground worker		ground worker personal protection equipment
5377171	planting
5377119	planting stock		balled and burlapped stock
5377105	planting		planting too deep
5377044	ISA Publications
5376984	ground worker		Showing proper lifting technique
5376998	cabling		tree prior to cable installation
5377010	tree anatomy		leaf cross-section
5377011	tree anatomy		root tip and root hairs
5377069	cabling		through bolt hardware
5377068	cabling		right and left handed lags
5377047	tree anatomy		Tree habits; Pyramidal, Oval, Palm, Irregular, Columnar, Round, Vase, multi-trunk
5377029	tree anatomy		Leaf bases; acute, rounded, cordate, oblique, auriculate
5377030	tree anatomy		leaf tips; acuminate, acute, obtuse, obcordate, cuspidate
5377016	sapsucker injury
5376995	cabling		cable cutting equipment
5376996	cabling		cable aid; used to tighten lags and aid in cable installation
5377034	soil aggregates		soil texture triangle
5377037	soil aggregates		Chart showing available water by soil texture
5375328	soil & water		Soil graph.
5375329	soil & water		Soil graph.
5430415	soil & water		showing root hairs
5395488	tree anatomy		leaf types
5377027	tree anatomy		compound leaves; pinnately compound, bipinnately compound, palmately compound
5377025	tree anatomy		Leaf on stem
5377028	tree anatomy		compound leaf types; pinnate, bipinnate, palmate
5377031	tree anatomy		Leaf margins; From Top left to bottom right - Entire, Serrate, Serrulate, Doubly-Serate, Dentate, Crenate, Undulate, Lobed
5375318	oak	Quercus spp.	Quercus Palustris leaf.
5458654	ISA Logos
5375363	people		Demonstration of a resitance-recording drill being used.
5375368	risk tree		Here you can see the thin drill bit of a resistance-recording drill.
5375366	risk tree		Resistance-recording drill in use.
5375367	risk tree		Up close view of a resistance-recording drill against the tree.
5375365	risk tree		Resistance-recording drills are an advanced drilling tools that measure the resistance over the distance drilled, which allows for fairly effective decay detection. However, like all decay detection methods, this equipment still have limitations.
5458586	dieback
5458585	dieback
5458584	dieback
5458582	Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees (CODIT)
5458583	Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees (CODIT)
5458581	pruning (general)
5458580	pruning (general)
5458579	pruning (general)
5458578	pruning (general)
5458248	pruning (general)
5458247	mulching		Note: Likely planted too deep; no taper.
5458246	mulching
5458245	pruning (general)
5458243	pruning (general)
5458244	pruning (general)
5456499	bracing
5456498	bracing
5456497
5456496	planting
5456495
5456494
5472718	pruning (general)
5431686	planting
5431685	planting
5431684	planting
5431679	pine	Pinus spp.
5431678	Scots pine	Pinus sylvestris
5431677	beech	Fagus spp.
5431676
5431675
5431673
5462882
5462881
5462880
5462879
5462878	canker
5462877
5462876	decay
5462874
5462873
5462872
5462871
5462870
5462869
5462868
5462867
5462866
5462865			Note: Carpenter ant colony in bole.
5462864			Note: Carpenter Ant colony in bole.
5462862
5462861
5462860
5445001	root problems		Removing girdling roots.
5445002	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5445003	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444998	root problems		Removing girdling roots.
5444999	root problems		Removing girdling roots.
5444997	root problems		Girdling roots.
5444996	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444995	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444988	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444987	root problems		Girdling roots.
5444986	root zone excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444985	root zone
5444982	root zone excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444983	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444981	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444980	root collar excavation		Soil equipment and use, air excavation device.
5444946	air excavator
5444979	root zone excavation
5444978	root zone
5444976	air excavator
5444977	air excavator
5444974	air excavator
5444975	air excavator
5444972	air excavator
5444973	air excavator
5444971	air excavator
5444969	soil horizons
5444970	air excavator
5444967	soil horizons
5444968	soil horizons
5444966	soil horizons
5444965	soil compaction
5444962	soil horizons
5444963	soil horizons
5444960	soil compaction
5444961	soil horizons
5444958	soil compaction
5444959	soil compaction
5444956	soil compaction
5444957	soil compaction
5444955	soil compaction
5444953	root zone
5444954	root zone
5444952	root zone excavation
5444950	root zone excavation
5444951	root zone excavation
5444949	air excavator
5444948	air excavator
5444945	air excavator
5444944	air excavator
5431670	plum/cherry	Prunus spp.
5431656	burl and decay
5431662	pollarding
5431671	plum/cherry	Prunus spp.
5431669	plum/cherry	Prunus spp.
5431668	urban ecosystem
5431667	urban ecosystem
5431666	espalier (pruning and training)
5431664	espalier (pruning and training)
5431665	espalier (pruning and training)
5431663	pollarding
5431659	urban ecosystem
5431658	urban ecosystem
5431657	plum/cherry	Prunus spp.
5431661	pollarding
5431660	pollarding
5394721	Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees (CODIT)		Wound compartmentalization.
5431651	containers		Tree in a planter inside the Louvre Museum (Paris, France).
5431641	urban ecosystem
5431642	burl and decay
5431647	urban ecosystem
5431639	urban ecosystem
5431640	urban ecosystem
5431655	soil aggregates
5431653	soil & water
5431654	soil & water
5431652	soil & water
5431650	decay
5431649	urban ecosystem
5431648	urban ecosystem
5431646	urban ecosystem
5431645	urban ecosystem
5431644	pruning (general)
5431643	pruning (general)
5431638	urban ecosystem
5431637	pruning (general)
5431636	pruning (general)
5431634	pollarding
5431635	pollarding
5431633	urban ecosystem		Urban park in Paris.
5431630	urban ecosystem
5431629	urban ecosystem
5431628	urban ecosystem
5431627	urban ecosystem
5431626	urban ecosystem
5431625	urban ecosystem
5431624	urban planting		Compacted soil in urban settings.
5431623	urban planting		Soil compaction in urban settings.
5431622	urban ecosystem
5431619	urban ecosystem
5378140	fig/banyan	Ficus spp.
5394623	Personal Protective Equipment		Use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
5377127	ISA Publications
5377054	soil compaction
5394796	urban ecosystem
5394797	urban ecosystem
5394794	risk tree
5394793	storm damage (general)
5394792	storm damage (general)
5394791	storm damage (general)
5394790	sanitation/salvage
5394786	urban ecosystem
5394779	urban ecosystem
5394756	decay		Physical damage to the base of the tree probably caused by lawnmowers/trimmers.
5394734	pruning (general)		Urban tree requiring pruning.
5394730	urban ecosystem
5394628	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters and the media. Public relations.
5394629	crane		Crane/aerial lift use.
5394627	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters and the media. Public relations.
5394563	ISA EGS		Using computer-based tree identification keys.
5375291	visual tree inspection		Trunk flare inspection.
5394727	sweetgum	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Rotundiloba’
5394725	sweetgum	Liquidambar styraciflua	Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Rotundiloba'
5394719	urban ecosystem		Commercial arboriculture.
5394708	emerald ash borer	Agrilus planipennis	"D" shaped exit hole
5394650	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talk with the media. Public relations.
5394648	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394647	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394646	Meeting, unknown location		Risk assessment, consulting, job-site meeting.
5394642	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394640	urban ecosystem
5394638	ISA Other Meetings		Arborists/foresters talking with the media. Public relations.
5394637	ISA Other Meetings		Observing trees.
5394630	crane		Use of crane (aerial lift).
5394625	crane		Crane (aerial lift) use.
5394626	crane		Crane (aerial lift) use.
5394620	crane		Crane (aerial lift) use.
5394616	urban ecosystem		Urban park scene. Media and photo shoot.
5394614	crane		Crane (aerial lift) use.
5394613	crane		Crane (aerial lift) use.
5394612	crane
5394581	crabapple and apple	Malus spp.
5394578	mulching
5431620	tree grate
5431621	tree grate
5431616	tree pit
5431617	tree pit
5431618	tree pit
5375324	snow		Snow covered landscape.
5375325	snow		Snow covered landscape.
5375326	snow		Deer tracks leading up to the base.
5375323	snow		Snow covered landscape.
5394680	emerald ash borer	Agrilus planipennis	Bumper sticker aimed at raising awarness of the fact that firewood is one of the key ways that many insects and diseases can be transported.
5375301	basal wound		Basal wound, cause unknown.
5375330	static tree support		Turn buckle tensioner.
5375327	snow and ice damage (snow load)		Snow covered tree.
5375297	planting		Smaller species planted below power lines.
5375408	rigging (general)		Climbers use a common technique called a 'butt hitch' in which a piece is tied above a cut and the line is run through a block or crotch below the cut.
5375331	staking		Garden hose staking left on for to long.
5375332	staking		Garden hose staking left on the tree for to long.
5375333	staking		Staking material left on to long.
5375334	staking		Staking material imbedded into the tree because it was not removed at a young age.
5375335	staking		Damaged caused by improper staking.
5375336	staking		Improper staking material.
5375320	snow and ice damage (snow load)		Snow covered landscape.
5375321	snow and ice damage (snow load)		Snow covered tree.
5375322	snow and ice damage (snow load)		Snow covered landscape.
5375319	snow and ice damage (snow load)		Tree covered with snow.
5375314	construction		Soil quality near construction site.
5375315	organic mulch		Mulch can provide protection near the base of trees, hold moisture, and add organic matter.
5375316	restricted root system		Plastic ground cover suffering the roots.
5375317	snow and ice damage (snow load)		Trees covered with snow.
5375299	basal wound		Excellent indication of internal decay.
5375300	basal wound		Large hole at the base.
5375311	soil compaction		Often, dirt paths compact the soil near the base of the tree.
5375313	construction		Soil below ground near construction work.
5375302	construction		No tree preservation during construction.
5375303	construction		Often, roots are damaged by construction work.
5375304	construction		Root damage caused by digging and trenching.
5375305	construction		Root problems caused from digging and trenching.
5375306	construction		Construction work damaged tree roots.
5375307	construction		Digging and trenching causes tree decline due to interference with root structure.
5375308	construction		Construction equipment often causes compaction near trees.
5375309	restricted root system		Tree roots uplifting the side walk.
5375292	visual tree inspection		Arborist inspecting the base.
5375293	basal wound		Cavity near the base.
5375294	restricted root system		Limited root growth availability.
5375295	staking		Problems can occur from staking to long.
5375298	basal wound		Sign of decay with minimal root flare.
5375288	decay		Large internal/external decay on the trunk.
5375290	grade change		Grade changing causes harm to urban trees.
5375284	construction		Bad example of tree preservation method during construcution.
5375285	construction		Construction operations with no protection of urban trees.
5375286	construction		Tree roots in the upper 6 inches of soil are quickly destroyed by construction work.
5375287	visual tree inspection		Cavity inspection.
5375278	visual tree inspection		Certified arborists inspect trees for any problems that may occur. *Pre-climb inspection is also related to visual tree inspection.
5375279	visual tree inspection		Arborist inspects the trunk.
5375280	visual tree inspection		Tree risk assessment is done to get an idea of what potential problems the trees may have.
5375281	visual tree inspection		Arborists inspects the base of this tree.
5375282	visual tree inspection		Documentation is important when dealing with visual tree inspections.
5375275	deadwood and snags		Deadwood overhanging from the parkway trees.
5375276	visual tree inspection		Arborist monitoring for urban forestry management.
5375267	poor architecture		Codominant stems over a car.
5375268	poor architecture		Codominant branching and included bark.
5375269	restricted root system		Often, roots are restricted by roadways and sidewalks.
5375270	restricted root system		Codominant branching structure along a parkway.
5375271	construction		Trees surrounding a new home during construction.
5375272	construction		Often, construction damage is harmful to urban trees.
5375273	restricted root system		Parkway trees have limited area for root growth.
5375274	construction		Construction site with a variety of soil qualities.
5375261	restricted root system		Restricted root systems shown signs of decline.
5375263	grade change		Soil under construction.
5375264	construction		Construction damage caused by rock piling.
5375265	decay		Decay indications.
5375266	included bark		Codominant branching and included bark.
5375240	decay		Large cavity and decay at the base of a standing tree.
5375241	organic mulch		Mulch is an urban property that is used for many different applications. For example: using mulch can retain moisture; reduce compaction, and moderate temperature extremes.
5375242	soil horizons		Often, soil horizons are shown to demonstrate the layer or zone of the soil profile with physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that differ from adjacent layers.
5375249	construction		Excavation during construction causes major damage to trees.
5375250	soil horizons		Soil horizon showing the difference between layers.
5375251	soil horizons		Soil horizons are shown to get an idea of what soil life is like beyond the surface.
5375252	grade change		Often, construction companies have to change the grade and work around trees throughout the urban environment. Construction damage causes a wide variety of problem towards urban trees.
5375253	soil horizons		Construction zones are a good place to locate soil horizons.
5375254	fertilization		Limestone is often used to enhance fertilization effectiveness and promote soil pH.
5375255	fertilization		Soil can be deficient in lime and need proper supplies of calcium and magnesium to help enhance fertilizer effectiveness and nuetralize soil acidity.
5375256	fertilization		Lawns that are deficient and not producing a healthy lawn may require dolomitic limestone to help correct soil pH and boost nutrients.
5375257	pruning (general)		Tree wound dressing.
5375258	soil & water		Soil testing kit.
5375186	urban planting		Trees provide shade and help with utility costs.
5401877	storm damage (general)		Years of deteriorating decay caused a large pin oak stem to break off during a storm.
5401872	storm damage (general)		Years of deteriorating decay caused a large, codominant pin oak stem to break off during a storm.
5401873	storm damage (general)		Years of deteriorating decay caused a large, codominant pin oak stem to break off during a storm.
5401874	storm damage (general)		Years of deteriorating decay caused a large pin oak stem to break off during a storm.
5401875	storm damage (general)		Years of deteriorating decay caused a large pin oak stem to break off during a storm.
5401876	storm damage (general)		Years of deteriorating decay caused a large pin oak stem to break off during a storm.
5375410	rigging friction device		Friction devices have been designed for tree work, and they have some obvious control advantages over taking rapes around the tree
5376077	storm damage (general)		High wind caused this tree to "barber chair,' a term used when felling a tree goes wrong.
5376078	storm damage (general)		Storms can cause trees to split from the ground up and be extremely dangerous.
5376079	storm damage (general)		High wind casued this tree to fail.
5376066	storm damage (general)		Trees planted in the urban environment away from their natural locations are susceptible to storm damage.
5376067	storm damage (general)		High winds can cause major damage among trees in the urban environment!!
5376068	storm damage (general)		Storm damage caused by high winds and heavy rain fall.
5376069	storm damage (general)		Tree snapped at the base from high winds and storm damage.
5376070	storm damage (general)		Storm damage can cause trees to fall directly into power lines and be severely dangerous. Contact an ISA certified arborist to assist you when these problems occur.
5395493	tree worker		limit to double crotch technique
5395492	lightning protection		protection in a three-trunked, decurrent tree
5395491	lightning protection		protection in an excurrent tree
5375310	cracks or splits		Large tree with symptoms of included bark.
5375244	construction		Construction site preparation/grading
5375245	construction		Construction site preparation. Truck in foreground to show scale.
5375238	mulching		Example of inorganic mulch - large stone
5375233	exposed roots
5376072	root lifting, soil heaving, and windthrow
5376071	root lifting, soil heaving, and windthrow
5376075	included bark
5376076	included bark
5376074	included bark
5376073	included bark
5376065	included bark
5378141	irrigation
5378136	root lifting, soil heaving, and windthrow
5387857	bicycle		Device used to climb palm trees. The damage to the trunk that can be seen in the picture was due to the use of spikes and not the bicycle.
5375229	decay		Severely decayed stem
5375247	construction		Urban soils are often highly disturbed. Concrete washout and other debris can alter soil structure and chemistry.
5375237	staking		Guy wires with rubber hose protectors. Left on more than one growing season. Partial stem girdling.
5375236	inorganic mulch		Geotextile fabric used on an tree lawn
5378139	weeping fig	Ficus benjamina
5387856	Surinam cherry	Eugenia uniflora	Common name in Portuguese: Pitanga