| 5475320 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
Only one side of this trunk has significant rot due to Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The fungus rots the trunk tissue from the outside to the inside. |
| 5475233 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
A series of cross-sections of a Ganoderma butt rot affected palm trunk. The section in the upper-left corner is the lowest section (at the soil line). The section in the lower-right corner is the furthest section from the soil line. The remaining sections are in the correct sequence from the soil line upwards. Note how the discoloration due to degrading tissue remains centralized within the trunk, but decreases as the cross-section ascends from the soil line. |
| 5475252 |
iron deficiency |
|
Severe Fe deficiency on on Caryota mitis. |
| 5475561 |
iron deficiency |
|
Iron deficiency due to poor soil aeration caused by deep planting. |
| 5475562 |
iron deficiency |
|
Iron deficiency due to poor soil aeration. |
| 5475313 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
This Phoenix sylvestris has one necrotic older leaf and three other older leaves with initial leaf symptoms - brief yellowing period followed by complete necrosis. |
| 5475314 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
This infected Phoenix dactylifera dropped almost all of its fruit in just 2 to 3 days. |
| 5475315 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
The infected trees of Phoenix canariensis in the center and on the right have more dead leaves than would be normal, and are in contrast to the healthy palm on the left. |
| 5475316 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
The spear leaf has died and is hanging down below the canopy of this Phoenix sylvestris. |
| 5475317 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
This photograph illustrates both a dying spear leaf and fruit stalks that have lost all of their fruit. |
| 5476151 |
palm lethal yellowing |
Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae PLY |
Cocos nucifera spear leaf is dying just as the last leaves are discoloring. Specific pathogen is subgroup 16SrIV, strain A. |
| 5475255 |
palm lethal yellowing |
Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae PLY |
Spear leaf of this Phoenix sylvestris has collapsed and is hanging down out of the canopy on the right side of the trunk. Very few of the oldest leaves have discolored. Specific pathogen is subgroup 16SrIV, strain A. |
| 5475220 |
copper toxicity |
|
Foliar injury caused by a copper sulfate foliar spray on Acoelorrhaphe wrightii seedling. |
| 5475221 |
copper toxicity |
|
Foliar injury on Acoelorrhaphe wrightii caused by a copper sulfate spray (right). Untreated leaf on the left. |
| 5475311 |
high soluble salts |
|
Leaf tip necrosis caused by high soil soluble salts on Syagrus romanzoffiana seedling. |
| 5475228 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
A nearly dead Syagrus romanzoffiana due to Fusarium wilt next to healthy palms. The palm leaves turn necrotic but do not break or collapse around the trunk. |
| 5475229 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
These dying leaves have a brown stripe on the petiole due to Fusarium wilt. |
| 5475226 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
Leaf with necrotic leaflets on one side and healthy leaflets on the other side of the rachis due to Fusarium wilt. |
| 5475227 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
A cross-section of a rachis illustrating the internal discoloration due to Fusarium wilt. |
| 5475225 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
Initial symptoms on Syagrus romanzoffiana. Only a few leaflets on one side of the rachis have died. Note the reddish-brown stripe on the rachis. |
| 5475327 |
water stress |
|
Collapsed and twisted trunk of water-stressed Roystonea regia. |
| 5475326 |
water stress |
|
Leaf tip necrosis caused by water stress in Geonoma sp. |
| 5475305 |
powerline decline |
|
Powerline decline on queen palm showing chlorotic and necrotic leaf tips. |
| 5475304 |
powerline decline |
|
Powerline decline of coconut. Note chlorotic and necrotic leaf tips. |
| 5475323 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
The trunk of this coconut was just beginning to exhibit "stem bleeding", but the large rusty-brown area at the top was already soft. |
| 5475322 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
An example of "stem bleeding" on a coconut trunk. The top of the blackened area was very soft and could be easily pushed in with the fingers. |
| 5475321 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
The canopy of the coconut in the center is wilted and necrotic due to a trunk infection by Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The infection site was just below the oldest leaf base. |
| 5475319 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
The three coconuts on the left have died from Thielaviopsis trunk rot. The palm in the foreground exhibits trunk collapse. |
| 5475318 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
Queen palm trunk collapse due to Thielaviopsis trunk rot. Only a few young green leaves remain. Note the "stem bleeding" or oozing of plant liquid down the trunk from the point of collapse. |
| 5475295 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Late stage potassium deficiency in coconut palm showing chlorotic, necrotic new leaves and tapered trunk. This palm died shortly after this photo was taken. |
| 5475303 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Severely potassium-deficient Sabal palmetto. |
| 5475302 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Potassium-deficient spindle palm showing increasing severity with leaf age. |
| 5475301 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Potassium deficient older leaf of areca palm showing increasing severity towards the leaf tip. |
| 5475300 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Potassium deficiency symptoms on older leaf of Chamaerops humilis. Note the translucent orange and necrotic spotting. |
| 5475299 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Potassium deficiency symptoms on older leaves of fishtail palm. |
| 5475298 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Potassium-deficient older leaves of pygmy date palm. |
| 5475297 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Potassium-deficient older leaf of Livistona chinensis showing leaf discoloration and leaflet tip necrosis. |
| 5475296 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Necrotic frizzled leaflets on older leaf of a potassium-deficient Dypsis cabadae. |
| 5475294 |
potassium deficiency |
|
Potassium deficient older leaf of Dictyosperma album showing translucent yellow-orange spotting. |
| 5475288 |
Pestalotiopsis leaf spot |
Pestalotiopsis palmarum |
The rachis blight lesions appear black and sunken on this palm rachis. As the lesions expand together, larger areas of blighted rachis tissue develop. |
| 5475287 |
Pestalotiopsis leaf spot |
Pestalotiopsis palmarum |
Large, dark lesions have formed near or on the leaf base of all the rachides of this Phoenix roebelenii canopy. These lesions often continue to expand, and the fungus will infect the spear leaf and the apical meristem causing a bud and crown rot. |
| 5475285 |
nitrogen deficiency |
|
Severe nitrogen deficiency in Veitchia sp. (far left). The palm on the right has died from chronic N deficiency. |
| 5475284 |
nitrogen deficiency |
|
Nitrogen deficiency. Note the golden yellow petioles and rachides and light green colored leaflets. |
| 5475271 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Severe Mn deficiency symptoms on Syagrus romanzoffiana with only necrotic petiole stubs emerging. |
| 5475270 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Severe Mn deficiency symptoms on coconut. |
| 5475269 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Manganese-deficient new leaf of Archontophoenix alexandrae. Note that symptoms are most severe towards the leaf base and least so towards the tip. |
| 5475267 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Manganese deficiency symptoms on Phoenix roebelenii. |
| 5475268 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Manganese deficiency on Roystonea regia. Note that frizzling is most severe towards the base of the leaves. |
| 5475266 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Mangenese-deficient new leaf of Rhapis excelsa. |
| 5475265 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Close-up of Mn-deficient leaf of Phoenix roebelenii showing longitudinal necrotic streaking. |
| 5475264 |
manganese deficiency |
|
Close-up of leaflets of Mn-deficient Archontophoenix alexandrae leaf. Note the longitudinal necrotic streaking. |
| 5475262 |
magnesium deficiency |
|
Older leaf of Phoenix canariensis showing Mg deficiency symptoms towards the leaf base and K deficiency symptoms towards the leaf tip. |
| 5475263 |
magnesium deficiency |
|
Magnesium-deficient older leaf of Livistona rotundifolia showing broad yellow band around entire leaf as well as a yellow band along margins of single leaf segments in upper left. |
| 5475261 |
magnesium deficiency |
|
Magnesium and potassium deficiency symptoms on Phoenix canariensis. The broad yellow-banded mid canopy leaves show Mg deficiency, while the oldest leaves show leaflet tip necrosis (K deficiency). |
| 5475260 |
magnesium deficiency |
|
Magnesium deficiency symptoms. Note the broad yellow bands along the outer margins of the leaves, but distinctly green central portions of the leaves. |
| 5475254 |
iron deficiency |
|
Mild Fe deficiency symptoms on leaflets of new leaves (two upper leaflets) and symptom-free older leaves (two lower leaflets). |
| 5475253 |
iron deficiency |
|
Severe Fe deficiency on queen palm seedling (left). Normal palm on right for comparision. |
| 5475251 |
iron deficiency |
|
Iron-deficient Rhapis excelsa on left with healthy palms on right. |
| 5475243 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
The section of Phoenix roebelenii on the left is the end of the trunk at the soil line and illustrates the typical trunk discoloration associated with Ganoderma butt rot. The section on the right was located further up the trunk and illustrates a trunk section unaffected by Ganoderma zonatum. |
| 5475234 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
A cross-section through a Coccothrinax sp. trunk with Ganoderma butt rot. The darkened area in the center is a symptom of the trunk rot. |
| 5475230 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
Sabal palmetto exhibiting an overall wilted canopy and premature death of the oldest leaves due to Ganoderma butt rot. |
| 5475222 |
Fusarium Wilt of Canary Island Date Palm |
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis |
Close-up of leaf with one side exhibiting necrotic leaflets and a brown stripe on the petiole and rachis due to fusarium wilt. |
| 5475223 |
Fusarium Wilt of Canary Island Date Palm |
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis |
Cross-section of a Phoenix canariensis rachis illustrating the internal discoloration due to fusarium wilt. |
| 5475224 |
Fusarium Wilt of Canary Island Date Palm |
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis |
A Phoenix canariensis leaf with one side exhibiting necrotic leaflets and a brown stripe on the petiole and rachis due to fusarium wilt. |
| 5475217 |
cold injury (low temperature) |
|
Basal spear leaf rot caused by secondary bacteria and fungi following freeze damage to the base of the spear leaf. |
| 5475218 |
cold injury (low temperature) |
|
Wilting of living leaf tissue of coconut following a freeze. |
| 5475216 |
cold injury (low temperature) |
|
Chilling injury on coconut showing the distribution of necrosis within and among leaves. |
| 5475215 |
cold injury (low temperature) |
|
Chilling injury on Geonoma sp. showing foliar necrosis. |
| 5475212 |
boron deficiency |
|
Zigzag shaped leaflet tips ("hookleaf") in coconut is caused by a mild and temporary boron deficiency. |
| 5475211 |
boron deficiency |
|
Crumpled ("accordion-leaf") young leaves caused by a chronic and severe boron deficiency. Note that the youngest leaf is emerging normally, indicating that this palm is recovering. |
| 5475210 |
boron deficiency |
|
Multiple unopened spear leaves in Phoenix sylvestris caused by chronic boron deficiency. |
| 5475209 |
boron deficiency |
|
Severe epinasty in Roystonea regia caused by chronic boron deficiency. |
| 5475208 |
boron deficiency |
|
Trunk bending caused by boron deficiency. |
| 5475207 |
boron deficiency |
|
Leaf truncation in coconut caused by periodic temporary boron deficiency. This pattern was the result of heavy rainfall events approximately every 10 days during the development of the leaf in the center. |
| 5475206 |
boron deficiency |
|
Premature fruit drop in coconut caused by boron deficiency. |
| 5475205 |
boron deficiency |
|
Crumpled new leaves ("accordion-leaf") on Heterospathe elata caused by severe boron deficiency. |
| 5475204 |
boron deficiency |
|
Transverse puckering in queen palm, a symptom of mild boron deficiency. |
| 5475203 |
boron deficiency |
|
Branching in queen palm caused by boron deficiency. |
| 5475202 |
boron deficiency |
|
New leaves growing downward in caused by boron deficiency. |
| 5475201 |
boron deficiency |
|
Leaf tip devoid of leaflets, a symptom of boron deficiency. |
| 5475200 |
boron deficiency |
|
Inflorescence necrosis due to boron deficiency. |
| 5475199 |
boron deficiency |
|
Corrugated leaf of queen palm caused by boron deficiency. |
