| 5475320 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
Only one side of this trunk has significant rot due to Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The fungus rots the trunk tissue from the outside to the inside. |
| 5475240 |
Graphiola leaf spot |
Graphiola phoenicis |
A leaf affected by both Graphiola leaf spot and Stigmina leaf spot. Signs of Graphiola phoenicis are the small back bodies (sori), many with filaments emerging from the sori. Stigmina palmivora symptoms are the large brown spots with dark edges and darker but flat centers. In some cases, a G. phoenicis sorus is superimposed upon the S. palmivora leaf spot. |
| 5475238 |
Graphiola leaf spot |
Graphiola phoenicis |
Palm leaflets with numerous sori and emerging spores. Note that this leaf does not have potassium deficiency. There are no leaf spot symptoms, only the sori of the fungus. |
| 5475239 |
Graphiola leaf spot |
Graphiola phoenicis |
Palm leaflets with numerous sori and emerging filaments (look like tiny strings) with spores. There are no leaf spot symptoms, only the sori of the fungus. |
| 5475236 |
Graphiola leaf spot |
Graphiola phoenicis |
The brown spots are not early symptoms of Graphiola leaf spot, but are symptoms of potassium deficiency. The black pustules are sori of Graphiola phoenicis. |
| 5475237 |
Graphiola leaf spot |
Graphiola phoenicis |
Sori of Graphiola phoenicis have erupted through the leaf epidermis. Some of the sori have filaments emerging from them. The mostly brown spots are not a symptom of Graphiola leaf spot, but a symptom of potassium deficiency. |
| 5475233 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
A series of cross-sections of a Ganoderma butt rot affected palm trunk. The section in the upper-left corner is the lowest section (at the soil line). The section in the lower-right corner is the furthest section from the soil line. The remaining sections are in the correct sequence from the soil line upwards. Note how the discoloration due to degrading tissue remains centralized within the trunk, but decreases as the cross-section ascends from the soil line. |
| 5475313 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
This Phoenix sylvestris has one necrotic older leaf and three other older leaves with initial leaf symptoms - brief yellowing period followed by complete necrosis. |
| 5475314 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
This infected Phoenix dactylifera dropped almost all of its fruit in just 2 to 3 days. |
| 5475315 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
The infected trees of Phoenix canariensis in the center and on the right have more dead leaves than would be normal, and are in contrast to the healthy palm on the left. |
| 5475316 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
The spear leaf has died and is hanging down below the canopy of this Phoenix sylvestris. |
| 5475317 |
Texas Phoenix Palm Decline |
Phytoplasma TPD |
This photograph illustrates both a dying spear leaf and fruit stalks that have lost all of their fruit. |
| 5476151 |
palm lethal yellowing |
Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae PLY |
Cocos nucifera spear leaf is dying just as the last leaves are discoloring. Specific pathogen is subgroup 16SrIV, strain A. |
| 5475255 |
palm lethal yellowing |
Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae PLY |
Spear leaf of this Phoenix sylvestris has collapsed and is hanging down out of the canopy on the right side of the trunk. Very few of the oldest leaves have discolored. Specific pathogen is subgroup 16SrIV, strain A. |
| 5475228 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
A nearly dead Syagrus romanzoffiana due to Fusarium wilt next to healthy palms. The palm leaves turn necrotic but do not break or collapse around the trunk. |
| 5475229 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
These dying leaves have a brown stripe on the petiole due to Fusarium wilt. |
| 5475226 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
Leaf with necrotic leaflets on one side and healthy leaflets on the other side of the rachis due to Fusarium wilt. |
| 5475225 |
Fusarium wilt of queen and Mexican fan palms |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum |
Initial symptoms on Syagrus romanzoffiana. Only a few leaflets on one side of the rachis have died. Note the reddish-brown stripe on the rachis. |
| 5475323 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
The trunk of this coconut was just beginning to exhibit "stem bleeding", but the large rusty-brown area at the top was already soft. |
| 5475322 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
An example of "stem bleeding" on a coconut trunk. The top of the blackened area was very soft and could be easily pushed in with the fingers. |
| 5475321 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
The canopy of the coconut in the center is wilted and necrotic due to a trunk infection by Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The infection site was just below the oldest leaf base. |
| 5475319 |
bitter leaf |
Ceratocystis paradoxa |
The three coconuts on the left have died from Thielaviopsis trunk rot. The palm in the foreground exhibits trunk collapse. |
| 5475288 |
Pestalotiopsis leaf spot |
Pestalotiopsis palmarum |
The rachis blight lesions appear black and sunken on this palm rachis. As the lesions expand together, larger areas of blighted rachis tissue develop. |
| 5475243 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
The section of Phoenix roebelenii on the left is the end of the trunk at the soil line and illustrates the typical trunk discoloration associated with Ganoderma butt rot. The section on the right was located further up the trunk and illustrates a trunk section unaffected by Ganoderma zonatum. |
| 5475234 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
A cross-section through a Coccothrinax sp. trunk with Ganoderma butt rot. The darkened area in the center is a symptom of the trunk rot. |
| 5475232 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
A developing basidiocarp of Ganoderma zonatum. Note the "zones" on the top portion of the basidiocarp, and that the fungus is directly attached to the palm trunk. |
| 5475231 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
The white mass in the upper-left corner is an early stage of basidiocarp formation of Ganoderma zonatum. The lower-right corner illustrates the shelf or bracket structure of a developing basidiocarp. Because it is still white at the edges and underneath, it has not yet matured and has not released the basidiospores. The lower-left corner illustrates an old, decaying basidiocarp. |
| 5475230 |
Ganoderma butt rot of palm |
Ganoderma zonatum |
Sabal palmetto exhibiting an overall wilted canopy and premature death of the oldest leaves due to Ganoderma butt rot. |
| 5475222 |
Fusarium Wilt of Canary Island Date Palm |
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis |
Close-up of leaf with one side exhibiting necrotic leaflets and a brown stripe on the petiole and rachis due to fusarium wilt. |
| 5475224 |
Fusarium Wilt of Canary Island Date Palm |
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis |
A Phoenix canariensis leaf with one side exhibiting necrotic leaflets and a brown stripe on the petiole and rachis due to fusarium wilt. |
| 5475213 |
spear leaf decay |
Gliocladium vermoesenii |
Spore mass of Gliocladium vermoeseni (=Nalanthamala vermoeseni) on palm spear leaf tissue. |
