| 5170025 |
birch |
Betula spp. |
Regeneration of Birch on old quarry workings. View of Penrhyn Quarry,Bethesda,N.Wales,UK. Moss, as in foreground, creates a good substrate for seed germination. The colour of the water is created by the suspended mineral matter. |
| 5170026 |
European white birch |
Betula pendula |
Natural regeneration on old quarry workings. A pioneer species establishing and succeeding in a hostile environment. |
| 5170029 |
sessile oak |
Quercus petraea |
Stem and raised root plate growing on rock but becoming detached. All encrusted with moss and lichen. |
| 5169095 |
sessile oak |
Quercus petraea |
Tree shelters used for establishment and protection of young trees and plants. View of an experiment, the shelters in the foreground showing how they are stacked to save space. One of many tree shelter experiments that I have worked on. Here, oak(Quercus petraea), was the subject and can just be seen in some of the shelters. Earlier work had indicated the need to use strong stakes,hence those on the left. |
| 5170017 |
English oak |
Quercus robur |
A very strange, unexplained stem!! Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England, UK. Not the result of a super long tree shelter! Root collar instability and total loss of apical dominance in early years may explain it? The crown was a stunted "lollipop" shape. |
| 5169086 |
European white birch |
Betula pendula |
A UK native and a pioneer species but not very long lived. In UK, generally not regarded as a timber tree unless for firewood but it has great ecological value and is an important component of the Western oak woodlands in UK. Image from Braich Melyn, Bethesda, N. Wales. The foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea) in the foreground have benefited from the bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) having been killed off the previous year with herbicide. |
| 5169094 |
European white birch |
Betula pendula |
View of old,walled field system. Braich Melyn, Bethesda, N. Wales, UK. Silver birch and Bracken slowly taking over as grazing pressure is reduced on this marginal ground. In time, if grazing was stopped, this view would naturally be dominated by a cyclical dominance of birch and oak. |